fix: fix conflict

Co-authored-by: claude[bot] <41898282+claude[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: yyh <92089059+lyzno1@users.noreply.github.com>

api/.env.example

@@ -666,6 +666,7 @@ PLUGIN_REMOTE_INSTALL_PORT=5003
 PLUGIN_REMOTE_INSTALL_HOST=localhost
 PLUGIN_MAX_PACKAGE_SIZE=15728640
 PLUGIN_MODEL_SCHEMA_CACHE_TTL=3600
+PLUGIN_MODEL_PROVIDERS_CACHE_ENABLED=true
 PLUGIN_MODEL_PROVIDERS_CACHE_TTL=86400
 # Comma-separated marketplace plugin IDs whose latest versions are installed for newly registered users.
 # Example: langgenius/openai,langgenius/gemini
@@ -677,6 +678,8 @@ INNER_API_KEY_FOR_PLUGIN=QaHbTe77CtuXmsfyhR7+vRjI/+XbV1AaFy691iy+kGDv2Jvy0/eAh8Y
 
 # Dify Agent backend
 AGENT_BACKEND_BASE_URL=http://localhost:5050
+# Bearer token sent to the Agent backend /runs API. Must match DIFY_AGENT_API_TOKEN on the server side.
+AGENT_BACKEND_API_TOKEN=dify-agent-run-token-for-dev-only
 AGENT_BACKEND_STREAM_READ_TIMEOUT_SECONDS=30
 AGENT_BACKEND_STREAM_MAX_RECONNECTS=3
 AGENT_BACKEND_RUN_TIMEOUT_SECONDS=1200

api/app_factory.py

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 import logging
 import time
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import NamedTuple
 
 import socketio
 from flask import request
 from opentelemetry.trace import get_current_span
 from opentelemetry.trace.span import INVALID_SPAN_ID, INVALID_TRACE_ID
+from werkzeug.exceptions import Forbidden, HTTPException, ServiceUnavailable
 
 from configs import dify_config
 from contexts.wrapper import RecyclableContextVar
@@ -42,6 +45,53 @@ _CONSOLE_EXEMPT_PREFIXES = (
     "/console/api/activate/check",
 )
 
+_WEBAPP_EXEMPT_PREFIXES = ("/api/system-features",)
+
+_INVALID_LICENSE_STATUSES = (LicenseStatus.INACTIVE, LicenseStatus.EXPIRED, LicenseStatus.LOST)
+
+
+def _session_surface_error(license_status: LicenseStatus | None) -> HTTPException:
+    if license_status is None:
+        return UnauthorizedAndForceLogout("Unable to verify enterprise license. Please contact your administrator.")
+    return UnauthorizedAndForceLogout(f"Enterprise license is {license_status}. Please contact your administrator.")
+
+
+def _bearer_surface_error(license_status: LicenseStatus | None) -> HTTPException:
+    """Token-authed: forcing a logout is meaningless and license state must not leak."""
+    return Forbidden(description="license_required")
+
+
+def _retryable_surface_error(license_status: LicenseStatus | None) -> HTTPException:
+    """Webhook senders retry on 5xx but treat 4xx as permanent, disabling the subscription."""
+    return ServiceUnavailable(description="license_required")
+
+
+class _LicenseGatedSurface(NamedTuple):
+    prefix: str
+    exempt_prefixes: tuple[str, ...]
+    build_error: Callable[[LicenseStatus | None], HTTPException]
+
+
+# /files (plugin-daemon data plane), /inner/api (enterprise control plane) and /health
+# stay ungated: blocking them breaks workflow execution or license recovery itself.
+_LICENSE_GATED_SURFACES = (
+    _LicenseGatedSurface("/console/api/", _CONSOLE_EXEMPT_PREFIXES, _session_surface_error),
+    _LicenseGatedSurface("/api/", _WEBAPP_EXEMPT_PREFIXES, _session_surface_error),
+    _LicenseGatedSurface("/v1", (), _bearer_surface_error),
+    _LicenseGatedSurface("/mcp", (), _bearer_surface_error),
+    _LicenseGatedSurface("/triggers", (), _retryable_surface_error),
+)
+
+
+def _match_license_gated_surface(path: str) -> _LicenseGatedSurface | None:
+    for surface in _LICENSE_GATED_SURFACES:
+        if not path.startswith(surface.prefix):
+            continue
+        if any(path.startswith(exempt) for exempt in surface.exempt_prefixes):
+            return None
+        return surface
+    return None
+
 
 # ----------------------------
 # Application Factory Function
@@ -62,38 +112,17 @@ def create_flask_app_with_configs() -> DifyApp:
         init_request_context()
         RecyclableContextVar.increment_thread_recycles()
 
-        # Enterprise license validation for API endpoints (both console and webapp)
-        # When license expires, block all API access except bootstrap endpoints needed
-        # for the frontend to load the license expiration page without infinite reloads.
         if dify_config.ENTERPRISE_ENABLED:
-            is_console_api = request.path.startswith("/console/api/")
-            is_webapp_api = request.path.startswith("/api/")
+            surface = _match_license_gated_surface(request.path)
+            if surface is not None:
+                try:
+                    license_status = EnterpriseService.get_cached_license_status()
+                except Exception:
+                    logger.exception("Failed to check enterprise license status")
+                    license_status = None
 
-            if is_console_api or is_webapp_api:
-                if is_console_api:
-                    is_exempt = any(request.path.startswith(p) for p in _CONSOLE_EXEMPT_PREFIXES)
-                else:  # webapp API
-                    is_exempt = request.path.startswith("/api/system-features")
-
-                if not is_exempt:
-                    try:
-                        # Check license status (cached — see EnterpriseService for TTL details)
-                        license_status = EnterpriseService.get_cached_license_status()
-                        if license_status in (LicenseStatus.INACTIVE, LicenseStatus.EXPIRED, LicenseStatus.LOST):
-                            raise UnauthorizedAndForceLogout(
-                                f"Enterprise license is {license_status}. Please contact your administrator."
-                            )
-                        if license_status is None:
-                            raise UnauthorizedAndForceLogout(
-                                "Unable to verify enterprise license. Please contact your administrator."
-                            )
-                    except UnauthorizedAndForceLogout:
-                        raise
-                    except Exception:
-                        logger.exception("Failed to check enterprise license status")
-                        raise UnauthorizedAndForceLogout(
-                            "Unable to verify enterprise license. Please contact your administrator."
-                        )
+                if license_status is None or license_status in _INVALID_LICENSE_STATUSES:
+                    raise surface.build_error(license_status)
 
     # add after request hook for injecting trace headers from OpenTelemetry span context
     # Only adds headers when OTEL is enabled and has valid context

api/clients/agent_backend/factory.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from clients.agent_backend.fake_client import FakeAgentBackendRunClient, FakeAge
 def create_agent_backend_run_client(
     *,
     base_url: str | None = None,
+    api_token: str | None = None,
     use_fake: bool = False,
     fake_scenario: str | FakeAgentBackendScenario = FakeAgentBackendScenario.SUCCESS,
     stream_read_timeout_seconds: float = 30,
@@ -22,8 +23,11 @@ def create_agent_backend_run_client(
         return FakeAgentBackendRunClient(scenario=FakeAgentBackendScenario(fake_scenario))
     if base_url is None:
         raise ValueError("base_url is required when creating a real Agent backend client")
+    headers: dict[str, str] = {}
+    if api_token:
+        headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {api_token}"
     return DifyAgentBackendRunClient(
-        Client(base_url=base_url, stream_timeout=stream_read_timeout_seconds),
+        Client(base_url=base_url, stream_timeout=stream_read_timeout_seconds, headers=headers),
         stream_max_reconnects=stream_max_reconnects,
         stream_timeout_seconds=stream_run_timeout_seconds,
     )

api/configs/extra/agent_backend_config.py

@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@ class AgentBackendConfig(BaseSettings):
         default=None,
     )
 
+    AGENT_BACKEND_API_TOKEN: str | None = Field(
+        description="Bearer token for authenticating with the Agent backend /runs API.",
+        default=None,
+    )
+
     AGENT_BACKEND_USE_FAKE: bool = Field(
         description="Use the deterministic in-process fake Agent backend client.",
         default=False,

api/configs/feature/__init__.py

@@ -266,6 +266,12 @@ class PluginConfig(BaseSettings):
         default=60 * 60,
     )
 
+    PLUGIN_MODEL_PROVIDERS_CACHE_ENABLED: bool = Field(
+        description="Whether tenant plugin model providers are cached in Redis. Disable when plugins are installed "
+        "by a system other than this one, which cannot invalidate the cache when a tenant's plugins change.",
+        default=True,
+    )
+
     PLUGIN_MODEL_PROVIDERS_CACHE_TTL: PositiveInt = Field(
         description="TTL in seconds for caching tenant plugin model providers in Redis",
         default=60 * 60 * 24,

api/controllers/console/__init__.py

@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@ from .workspace import (
     models,
     plugin,
     rbac,
+    skills,
     snippets,
     tool_providers,
     trigger_providers,
@@ -225,6 +226,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "saved_message",
     "setup",
     "site",
+    "skills",
     "snippet_workflow",
     "snippet_workflow_draft_variable",
     "snippets",

api/controllers/console/app/app.py

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ from services.app_service import (
     AppResponseView,
     AppService,
     CreateAppParams,
+    RecentAppMode,
     StarredAppListParams,
 )
 from services.enterprise import rbac_service as enterprise_rbac_service
@@ -139,6 +140,10 @@ class AppListBaseQuery(BaseModel):
             raise ValueError("Invalid UUID format in creator_ids.") from exc
 
 
+class RecentAppListQuery(BaseModel):
+    limit: int = Field(default=8, ge=1, le=8, description="Number of recently modified apps to return (1-8)")
+
+
 class AppListQuery(AppListBaseQuery):
     pass
 
@@ -411,6 +416,33 @@ class AppPartial(AppResponseModel):
         return to_timestamp(value)
 
 
+class RecentAppResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    name: str
+    icon_type: IconType | None = None
+    icon: str | None = None
+    icon_background: str | None = None
+    mode: RecentAppMode
+    author_name: str | None = None
+    updated_at: int
+    permission_keys: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    maintainer: str | None = None
+
+    @computed_field(return_type=str | None)  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def icon_url(self) -> str | None:
+        return build_icon_url(self.icon_type, self.icon)
+
+    @field_validator("updated_at", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_timestamp(cls, value: datetime | int) -> int:
+        return to_timestamp(value)
+
+
+class RecentAppListResponse(ResponseModel):
+    data: list[RecentAppResponse]
+
+
 class AppDetail(AppResponseModel):
     id: str
     name: str
@@ -575,6 +607,8 @@ register_schema_models(
 register_response_schema_models(
     console_ns,
     AppPartial,
+    RecentAppResponse,
+    RecentAppListResponse,
     AppDetailWithSite,
     AppPagination,
 )
@@ -699,6 +733,49 @@ class AppListApi(Resource):
         return app_detail.model_dump(mode="json"), 201
 
 
+@console_ns.route("/apps/recent")
+class RecentAppListApi(Resource):
+    @console_ns.doc("list_recent_apps")
+    @console_ns.doc(description="Get recently modified apps for the home Continue Work section")
+    @console_ns.doc(params=query_params_from_model(RecentAppListQuery))
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", console_ns.models[RecentAppListResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @enterprise_license_required
+    @with_session(write=False)
+    @with_current_user_id
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def get(self, current_tenant_id: str, current_user_id: str, session: Session):
+        """Return the lightweight app cards needed by the Explore home page."""
+        args = query_params_from_request(RecentAppListQuery)
+        params = AppListParams(limit=args.limit)
+
+        permissions = enterprise_rbac_service.RBACService.MyPermissions.get(
+            current_tenant_id,
+            current_user_id,
+            session=session,
+        )
+        if dify_config.RBAC_ENABLED:
+            access_filter = resolve_app_access_filter(
+                current_tenant_id,
+                current_user_id,
+                session=session,
+                permissions=permissions,
+            )
+            access_filter.apply_to_params(params)
+
+        recent_apps = AppService().get_recent_apps(current_user_id, current_tenant_id, params, session)
+        permission_keys_map = permissions.app.permission_keys_by_resource_ids([app.id for app in recent_apps])
+        response_items = [
+            RecentAppResponse.model_validate(app, from_attributes=True).model_copy(
+                update={"permission_keys": permission_keys_map.get(app.id, [])}
+            )
+            for app in recent_apps
+        ]
+        return dump_response(RecentAppListResponse, {"data": response_items}), 200
+
+
 @console_ns.route("/apps/starred")
 class StarredAppListApi(Resource):
     @console_ns.doc("list_starred_apps")

api/controllers/console/tag/tags.py

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class TagBindingRemovePayload(BaseModel):
 
 
 class TagListQueryParam(BaseModel):
-    type: Literal["knowledge", "app", "snippet", ""] = Field("", description="Tag type filter")
+    type: TagType | Literal[""] = Field("", description="Tag type filter")
     keyword: str | None = Field(None, description="Search keyword")
 
 

api/controllers/console/workspace/model_providers.py

@@ -26,11 +26,7 @@ from libs.helper import dump_response, uuid_value
 from libs.login import login_required
 from models import Account
 from services.billing_service import BillingService
-from services.entities.model_provider_entities import (
-    ModelProviderPluginSummaryResponse,
-    ModelProviderSummaryResponse,
-    ProviderResponse,
-)
+from services.entities.model_provider_entities import ProviderResponse
 from services.model_provider_service import ModelProviderService
 
 
@@ -95,11 +91,6 @@ class ModelProviderListResponse(ResponseModel):
     data: list[ProviderResponse]
 
 
-class ModelProviderSummaryListResponse(ResponseModel):
-    data: list[ModelProviderSummaryResponse]
-    plugins: dict[str, ModelProviderPluginSummaryResponse]
-
-
 class ProviderCredentialsResponse(ResponseModel):
     credentials: dict[str, Any] | None = None
 
@@ -123,7 +114,6 @@ register_response_schema_models(
     console_ns,
     SimpleResultResponse,
     ModelProviderListResponse,
-    ModelProviderSummaryListResponse,
     ProviderCredentialsResponse,
     ValidationResultResponse,
     ModelProviderPaymentCheckoutUrlResponse,
@@ -150,25 +140,6 @@ class ModelProviderListApi(Resource):
         return ModelProviderListResponse(data=provider_list).model_dump(mode="json")
 
 
-@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/model-providers/summary")
-class ModelProviderSummaryListApi(Resource):
-    @console_ns.response(
-        200,
-        "Model provider summaries retrieved successfully",
-        console_ns.models[ModelProviderSummaryListResponse.__name__],
-    )
-    @setup_required
-    @login_required
-    @account_initialization_required
-    @with_current_tenant_id
-    def get(self, tenant_id: str):
-        providers, plugins = ModelProviderService().get_provider_summary_list(tenant_id=tenant_id)
-        return dump_response(
-            ModelProviderSummaryListResponse,
-            {"data": providers, "plugins": plugins},
-        )
-
-
 @console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/model-providers/<path:provider>/credentials")
 class ModelProviderCredentialApi(Resource):
     @console_ns.doc(params=query_params_from_model(ParserCredentialId))

api/controllers/console/workspace/plugin.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import io
-from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Mapping
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Any, Literal, TypedDict
 
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ from core.plugin.entities.plugin_daemon import PluginDecodeResponse, PluginInsta
 from core.plugin.impl.exc import PluginDaemonClientSideError
 from core.plugin.plugin_service import PluginService
 from core.tools.builtin_tool.providers._positions import BuiltinToolProviderSort
-from core.tools.entities.api_entities import ToolProviderApiEntity
 from core.tools.entities.common_entities import I18nObject
 from core.tools.entities.tool_entities import ToolProviderType
 from core.tools.tool_manager import ToolManager
@@ -91,21 +90,9 @@ class ParserList(BaseModel):
     page_size: int = Field(default=256, ge=1, le=256, description="Page size (1-256)")
 
 
-type PluginCategoryListLanguage = Literal["en_US", "zh_Hans", "ja_JP", "pt_BR"]
-
-
 class PluginCategoryListQuery(BaseModel):
     page: int = Field(default=1, ge=1, description="Page number")
     page_size: int = Field(default=256, ge=1, le=256, description="Page size (1-256)")
-    query: str = Field(default="", max_length=256, description="Case-insensitive search query")
-    tags: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list, max_length=128, description="Match any plugin tag")
-    language: Literal["en_US", "zh_Hans", "ja_JP", "pt_BR"] = Field(
-        default="en_US", description="Language used for localized label and description search"
-    )
-
-
-class PluginInstalledIdsQuery(BaseModel):
-    category: PluginCategory = Field(description="Plugin category to include")
 
 
 class ParserLatest(BaseModel):
@@ -338,10 +325,6 @@ class PluginListResponse(ResponseModel):
     total: int
 
 
-class PluginInstalledIdsResponse(ResponseModel):
-    plugin_ids: list[str]
-
-
 class PluginVersionsResponse(ResponseModel):
     versions: Mapping[str, PluginService.LatestPluginCache | None]
 
@@ -401,7 +384,6 @@ register_schema_models(
     console_ns,
     ParserList,
     PluginCategoryListQuery,
-    PluginInstalledIdsQuery,
     PluginAutoUpgradeSettingsPayload,
     PluginPermissionSettingsPayload,
     ParserLatest,
@@ -438,7 +420,6 @@ register_response_schema_models(
     PluginDebuggingKeyResponse,
     PluginDynamicOptionsResponse,
     PluginInstallationsResponse,
-    PluginInstalledIdsResponse,
     PluginInstallTaskStartResponse,
     PluginListResponse,
     PluginManifestResponse,
@@ -496,39 +477,7 @@ def _read_upload_content(file: FileStorage, max_size: int) -> bytes:
     return content
 
 
-def _localized_builtin_tool_text(value: I18nObject, language: PluginCategoryListLanguage) -> str:
-    return value.to_dict()[language] or value.en_US
-
-
-def _builtin_tool_provider_matches_filters(
-    provider: ToolProviderApiEntity,
-    *,
-    query: str,
-    tags: Sequence[str],
-    language: PluginCategoryListLanguage,
-) -> bool:
-    if tags and not any(tag in provider.labels for tag in tags):
-        return False
-    if not query:
-        return True
-
-    lower_query = query.lower()
-    candidates = (
-        provider.name,
-        _localized_builtin_tool_text(provider.label, language),
-        _localized_builtin_tool_text(provider.description, language),
-    )
-    return any(lower_query in candidate.lower() for candidate in candidates)
-
-
-def _list_hardcoded_builtin_tool_providers(
-    tenant_id: str,
-    *,
-    query: str = "",
-    tags: Sequence[str] = (),
-    language: PluginCategoryListLanguage = "en_US",
-) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-    """List builtin providers using the same search and tag semantics as category plugins."""
+def _list_hardcoded_builtin_tool_providers(tenant_id: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
     db_builtin_providers = {
         str(ToolProviderID(provider.provider)): provider
         for provider in ToolManager.list_default_builtin_providers(tenant_id)
@@ -549,13 +498,6 @@ def _list_hardcoded_builtin_tool_providers(
             db_provider=db_builtin_providers.get(provider.entity.identity.name),
             decrypt_credentials=False,
         )
-        if not _builtin_tool_provider_matches_filters(
-            user_provider,
-            query=query,
-            tags=tags,
-            language=language,
-        ):
-            continue
         ToolTransformService.repack_provider(tenant_id=tenant_id, provider=user_provider)
         builtin_providers.append(user_provider)
 
@@ -610,9 +552,7 @@ class PluginCategoryListApi(Resource):
     @account_initialization_required
     @with_current_tenant_id
     def get(self, tenant_id: str, category: str):
-        args = PluginCategoryListQuery.model_validate(
-            {**request.args.to_dict(flat=True), "tags": request.args.getlist("tags")}
-        )
+        args = PluginCategoryListQuery.model_validate(request.args.to_dict(flat=True))
 
         try:
             plugin_category = PluginCategory(category)
@@ -620,26 +560,13 @@ class PluginCategoryListApi(Resource):
             return {"code": "invalid_param", "message": "invalid plugin category"}, 400
 
         try:
-            plugins = PluginService.list_by_category(
-                tenant_id,
-                plugin_category,
-                args.page,
-                args.page_size,
-                query=args.query,
-                tags=args.tags,
-                language=args.language,
-            )
+            plugins = PluginService.list_by_category(tenant_id, plugin_category, args.page, args.page_size)
         except PluginDaemonClientSideError as e:
             return {"code": "plugin_error", "message": e.description}, 400
 
         builtin_tools = []
         if plugin_category == PluginCategory.Tool:
-            builtin_tools = _list_hardcoded_builtin_tool_providers(
-                tenant_id,
-                query=args.query,
-                tags=args.tags,
-                language=args.language,
-            )
+            builtin_tools = _list_hardcoded_builtin_tool_providers(tenant_id)
 
         return dump_response(
             PluginCategoryListResponse,
@@ -651,24 +578,6 @@ class PluginCategoryListApi(Resource):
         )
 
 
-@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/plugin/installed-ids")
-class PluginInstalledIdsApi(Resource):
-    @console_ns.doc(params=query_params_from_model(PluginInstalledIdsQuery))
-    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", console_ns.models[PluginInstalledIdsResponse.__name__])
-    @setup_required
-    @login_required
-    @account_initialization_required
-    @with_current_tenant_id
-    def get(self, tenant_id: str):
-        args = PluginInstalledIdsQuery.model_validate(request.args.to_dict(flat=True))
-        try:
-            plugin_ids = PluginService.list_installed_plugin_ids(tenant_id, args.category)
-        except PluginDaemonClientSideError as e:
-            return {"code": "plugin_error", "message": e.description}, 400
-
-        return dump_response(PluginInstalledIdsResponse, {"plugin_ids": plugin_ids})
-
-
 @console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/plugin/list/latest-versions")
 class PluginListLatestVersionsApi(Resource):
     @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[ParserLatest.__name__])

api/controllers/console/workspace/skills.py

@@ -0,0 +1,834 @@
+"""Console API for workspace-level Skill Management."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+
+from flask import request, send_file
+from flask_restx import Resource
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, ValidationError
+
+from controllers.common.fields import BinaryFileResponse
+from controllers.common.schema import query_params_from_model, register_response_schema_models, register_schema_models
+from controllers.console import console_ns
+from controllers.console.wraps import (
+    account_initialization_required,
+    edit_permission_required,
+    setup_required,
+    with_current_tenant_id,
+    with_current_user,
+)
+from fields.base import ResponseModel
+from libs import helper
+from libs.helper import dump_response
+from libs.login import login_required
+from models.account import Account
+from services.skill_management_service import (
+    SkillAssistMessagePayload,
+    SkillCreatePayload,
+    SkillDraftFileOperationPayload,
+    SkillDraftTreePayload,
+    SkillImportPayload,
+    SkillManagementService,
+    SkillManagementServiceError,
+    SkillMetadataPayload,
+    SkillPublishPayload,
+    SkillRestorePayload,
+    SkillVersionUpdatePayload,
+)
+
+_FILE_UPLOAD_PARAMS = {
+    "file": {
+        "description": "Skill draft file payload",
+        "in": "formData",
+        "type": "file",
+        "required": True,
+    },
+}
+
+
+class WorkspaceSkillsQuery(BaseModel):
+    keyword: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Search keyword matching skill name or description.")
+    page: int = Field(default=1, ge=1, le=99999, description="Page number.")
+    limit: int = Field(default=20, ge=1, le=100, description="Number of items per page.")
+    tag: list[str] = Field(
+        default_factory=list,
+        description="Skill tag filters. Repeat the parameter for multiple tags.",
+    )
+
+
+class SkillDeletePayload(BaseModel):
+    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="forbid")
+
+    confirmation_name: str | None = Field(
+        default=None,
+        description="Required when deleting a referenced Skill. Must match the Skill name.",
+    )
+
+
+class AgentSkillBindingsPayload(BaseModel):
+    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="forbid")
+
+    skill_ids: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list, description="Ordered Skill IDs bound to the Agent.")
+
+
+class SkillFileQuery(BaseModel):
+    path: str = Field(description="Skill file path relative to the Skill root.")
+    version_id: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Optional published version ID. Omit for current draft.")
+
+
+class SkillResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    name: str
+    display_name: str
+    icon: str
+    description: str
+    tags: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    name_manually_edited: bool = False
+    visibility: str
+    latest_published_version_id: str | None = None
+    reference_count: int = 0
+    created_by: str | None = None
+    created_by_name: str | None = None
+    updated_by: str | None = None
+    updated_by_name: str | None = None
+    created_at: int
+    updated_at: int
+
+
+class SkillFileResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str | None = None
+    path: str
+    kind: str
+    storage: str | None = None
+    mime_type: str | None = None
+    content: str | None = None
+    tool_file_id: str | None = None
+    size: int | None = None
+    hash: str | None = None
+
+
+class SkillFilePreviewResponse(ResponseModel):
+    path: str
+    mime_type: str
+    content: str
+    size: int
+    hash: str
+
+
+class SkillFileUploadResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    name: str
+    mime_type: str
+    size: int
+    hash: str
+
+
+class SkillDetailResponse(SkillResponse):
+    files: list[SkillFileResponse] = Field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+class SkillListResponse(ResponseModel):
+    data: list[SkillResponse] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    has_more: bool = False
+    limit: int = 20
+    page: int = 1
+    total: int = 0
+
+
+class SkillTagResponse(ResponseModel):
+    tag: str
+    count: int
+
+
+class SkillTagListResponse(ResponseModel):
+    data: list[SkillTagResponse] = Field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+class SkillVersionResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    skill_id: str
+    version_number: int
+    version_name: str
+    publish_note: str
+    hash_code: str
+    archive_size: int
+    published_by: str | None = None
+    published_by_name: str | None = None
+    is_latest: bool = False
+    created_at: int
+
+
+class SkillVersionListResponse(ResponseModel):
+    data: list[SkillVersionResponse] = Field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+class SkillVersionDetailResponse(SkillVersionResponse):
+    files: list[SkillFileResponse] = Field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+class SkillVersionDeleteResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    deleted: bool
+    latest_published_version_id: str | None = None
+
+
+class SkillReferenceResponse(ResponseModel):
+    type: str
+    agent_id: str
+    agent_icon: str | None = None
+    agent_icon_background: str | None = None
+    agent_icon_type: str | None = None
+    app_id: str | None = None
+    name: str
+    display_name: str
+    workflow_id: str | None = None
+    workflow_name: str | None = None
+    workflow_icon: str | None = None
+    workflow_icon_background: str | None = None
+    workflow_icon_type: str | None = None
+    workflow_version: str | None = None
+    node_id: str | None = None
+    node_name: str | None = None
+
+
+class SkillReferenceListResponse(ResponseModel):
+    data: list[SkillReferenceResponse] = Field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+class SkillDeleteResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    deleted: bool
+
+
+class AgentSkillBindingItemResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    priority: int
+    name: str
+    display_name: str
+    icon: str
+    description: str
+    tags: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    status: str
+    file_count: int
+    latest_published_version_id: str | None = None
+    latest_published_at: int | None = None
+    updated_at: int
+
+
+class AgentSkillBindingsResponse(ResponseModel):
+    agent_id: str
+    skill_ids: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    data: list[AgentSkillBindingItemResponse] = Field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+register_schema_models(
+    console_ns,
+    WorkspaceSkillsQuery,
+    SkillCreatePayload,
+    SkillAssistMessagePayload,
+    SkillMetadataPayload,
+    SkillDraftFileOperationPayload,
+    SkillDraftTreePayload,
+    SkillPublishPayload,
+    SkillRestorePayload,
+    SkillVersionUpdatePayload,
+    SkillDeletePayload,
+    SkillFileQuery,
+    AgentSkillBindingsPayload,
+)
+
+register_response_schema_models(
+    console_ns,
+    SkillResponse,
+    SkillFileResponse,
+    SkillFilePreviewResponse,
+    SkillFileUploadResponse,
+    SkillDetailResponse,
+    SkillListResponse,
+    SkillTagResponse,
+    SkillTagListResponse,
+    SkillVersionResponse,
+    SkillVersionListResponse,
+    SkillVersionDetailResponse,
+    SkillVersionDeleteResponse,
+    SkillReferenceResponse,
+    SkillReferenceListResponse,
+    SkillDeleteResponse,
+    AgentSkillBindingItemResponse,
+    AgentSkillBindingsResponse,
+    BinaryFileResponse,
+)
+
+
+def _error_response(exc: SkillManagementServiceError) -> tuple[dict[str, object], int]:
+    body: dict[str, object] = {"code": exc.code, "message": exc.message}
+    if exc.details:
+        body["details"] = exc.details
+    return body, exc.status_code
+
+
+@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/skills")
+class WorkspaceSkillsApi(Resource):
+    @console_ns.doc(params=query_params_from_model(WorkspaceSkillsQuery))
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Workspace skills", console_ns.models[SkillListResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def get(self, current_tenant_id: str):
+        query_input: dict[str, object] = {
+            "keyword": request.args.get("keyword"),
+            "tag": request.args.getlist("tag"),
+        }
+        if "limit" in request.args:
+            query_input["limit"] = request.args.get("limit")
+        if "page" in request.args:
+            query_input["page"] = request.args.get("page")
+        query = WorkspaceSkillsQuery.model_validate(query_input)
+        result = SkillManagementService().list_skills(
+            tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+            keyword=query.keyword,
+            page=query.page,
+            limit=query.limit,
+            tags=[tag for tag in query.tag if tag],
+        )
+        return dump_response(SkillListResponse, result)
+
+    @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[SkillCreatePayload.__name__])
+    @console_ns.response(201, "Skill created", console_ns.models[SkillDetailResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @edit_permission_required
+    @with_current_user
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def post(self, current_tenant_id: str, current_user: Account):
+        try:
+            payload = SkillCreatePayload.model_validate(console_ns.payload or {})
+            result = SkillManagementService().create_skill(
+                tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+                user_id=current_user.id,
+                payload=payload,
+            )
+            return dump_response(SkillDetailResponse, result), 201
+        except ValidationError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+
+@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/skills/files/upload")
+class WorkspaceSkillFileUploadApi(Resource):
+    @console_ns.doc(consumes=["multipart/form-data"], params=_FILE_UPLOAD_PARAMS)
+    @console_ns.response(201, "Skill draft file uploaded", console_ns.models[SkillFileUploadResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @edit_permission_required
+    @with_current_user
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def post(self, current_tenant_id: str, current_user: Account):
+        if "file" not in request.files:
+            return {"code": "no_file_uploaded", "message": "no file uploaded"}, 400
+
+        file = request.files["file"]
+        if not file.filename:
+            return {"code": "filename_missing", "message": "filename is required"}, 400
+
+        result = SkillManagementService().upload_file(
+            tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+            user_id=current_user.id,
+            filename=file.filename,
+            content=file.stream.read(),
+            mime_type=file.mimetype,
+        )
+        return dump_response(SkillFileUploadResponse, result), 201
+
+
+@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/skills/tags")
+class WorkspaceSkillTagsApi(Resource):
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Workspace Skill tags", console_ns.models[SkillTagListResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def get(self, current_tenant_id: str):
+        result = SkillManagementService().list_tags(tenant_id=current_tenant_id)
+        return dump_response(SkillTagListResponse, result)
+
+
+@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/skills/import")
+class WorkspaceSkillImportApi(Resource):
+    @console_ns.doc(description="Import a Skill zip package from multipart form field `file`.")
+    @console_ns.response(201, "Skill imported", console_ns.models[SkillDetailResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @edit_permission_required
+    @with_current_user
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def post(self, current_tenant_id: str, current_user: Account):
+        upload = request.files.get("file")
+        if upload is None:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": "file is required"}, 400
+        try:
+            payload = SkillImportPayload(content=upload.read(), filename=upload.filename or "skill.zip")
+            result = SkillManagementService().import_skill(
+                tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+                user_id=current_user.id,
+                payload=payload,
+            )
+            return dump_response(SkillDetailResponse, result), 201
+        except (ValidationError, ValueError) as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+
+@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/skills/<string:skill_id>")
+class WorkspaceSkillApi(Resource):
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Skill detail", console_ns.models[SkillDetailResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def get(self, current_tenant_id: str, skill_id: str):
+        try:
+            result = SkillManagementService().get_skill(tenant_id=current_tenant_id, skill_id=skill_id)
+            return dump_response(SkillDetailResponse, result)
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+    @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[SkillMetadataPayload.__name__])
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Skill updated", console_ns.models[SkillResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @edit_permission_required
+    @with_current_user
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def patch(self, current_tenant_id: str, current_user: Account, skill_id: str):
+        try:
+            payload = SkillMetadataPayload.model_validate(console_ns.payload or {})
+            result = SkillManagementService().update_metadata(
+                tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+                user_id=current_user.id,
+                skill_id=skill_id,
+                payload=payload,
+            )
+            return dump_response(SkillResponse, result)
+        except ValidationError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+    @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[SkillDeletePayload.__name__])
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Skill deleted", console_ns.models[SkillDeleteResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @edit_permission_required
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def delete(self, current_tenant_id: str, skill_id: str):
+        try:
+            payload = SkillDeletePayload.model_validate(console_ns.payload or {})
+            result = SkillManagementService().delete_skill(
+                tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+                skill_id=skill_id,
+                confirmation_name=payload.confirmation_name,
+            )
+            return dump_response(SkillDeleteResponse, result)
+        except ValidationError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+
+@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/skills/<string:skill_id>/duplicate")
+class WorkspaceSkillDuplicateApi(Resource):
+    @console_ns.response(201, "Skill duplicated", console_ns.models[SkillDetailResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @edit_permission_required
+    @with_current_user
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def post(self, current_tenant_id: str, current_user: Account, skill_id: str):
+        try:
+            result = SkillManagementService().duplicate_skill(
+                tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+                user_id=current_user.id,
+                skill_id=skill_id,
+            )
+            return dump_response(SkillDetailResponse, result), 201
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+
+@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/skills/<string:skill_id>/export")
+class WorkspaceSkillExportApi(Resource):
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Published Skill zip archive")
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def get(self, current_tenant_id: str, skill_id: str):
+        try:
+            result = SkillManagementService().pull_published_archive(tenant_id=current_tenant_id, skill_id=skill_id)
+            return send_file(
+                io.BytesIO(result.payload),
+                mimetype=result.mime_type,
+                as_attachment=True,
+                download_name=result.filename,
+            )
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+
+@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/skills/<string:skill_id>/assist/messages")
+class WorkspaceSkillAssistMessageApi(Resource):
+    """Stream read-only Skill Authoring suggestions from the default workspace model."""
+
+    @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[SkillAssistMessagePayload.__name__])
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Skill Authoring assistant event stream")
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @with_current_user
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def post(self, current_tenant_id: str, current_user: Account, skill_id: str):
+        try:
+            payload = SkillAssistMessagePayload.model_validate(console_ns.payload or {})
+            response = SkillManagementService().create_assistant_action_stream(
+                tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+                skill_id=skill_id,
+                user_id=current_user.id,
+                message=payload.message,
+                attachments=payload.attachments,
+                model_payload=payload.model,
+                target_path=payload.target_path,
+            )
+        except ValidationError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+        return helper.compact_generate_response(response)
+
+
+@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/skills/<string:skill_id>/files")
+class WorkspaceSkillFilesApi(Resource):
+    @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[SkillDraftFileOperationPayload.__name__])
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Draft file operation applied", console_ns.models[SkillDetailResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @edit_permission_required
+    @with_current_user
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def patch(self, current_tenant_id: str, current_user: Account, skill_id: str):
+        try:
+            payload = SkillDraftFileOperationPayload.model_validate(console_ns.payload or {})
+            result = SkillManagementService().apply_draft_file_operation(
+                tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+                user_id=current_user.id,
+                skill_id=skill_id,
+                payload=payload,
+            )
+            return dump_response(SkillDetailResponse, result)
+        except ValidationError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+    @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[SkillDraftTreePayload.__name__])
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Draft files replaced", console_ns.models[SkillDetailResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @edit_permission_required
+    @with_current_user
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def put(self, current_tenant_id: str, current_user: Account, skill_id: str):
+        try:
+            payload = SkillDraftTreePayload.model_validate(console_ns.payload or {})
+            result = SkillManagementService().replace_draft_tree(
+                tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+                user_id=current_user.id,
+                skill_id=skill_id,
+                payload=payload,
+            )
+            return dump_response(SkillDetailResponse, result)
+        except ValidationError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+
+@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/skills/<string:skill_id>/files/preview")
+class WorkspaceSkillFilePreviewApi(Resource):
+    @console_ns.doc(params=query_params_from_model(SkillFileQuery))
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Skill file text preview", console_ns.models[SkillFilePreviewResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def get(self, current_tenant_id: str, skill_id: str):
+        try:
+            query = SkillFileQuery.model_validate(
+                {
+                    "path": request.args.get("path"),
+                    "version_id": request.args.get("version_id"),
+                }
+            )
+            result = SkillManagementService().preview_file(
+                tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+                skill_id=skill_id,
+                path=query.path,
+                version_id=query.version_id,
+            )
+            return dump_response(SkillFilePreviewResponse, result)
+        except ValidationError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+
+@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/skills/<string:skill_id>/files/content")
+class WorkspaceSkillFileContentApi(Resource):
+    @console_ns.doc(params={**query_params_from_model(SkillFileQuery), "download": "Return as an attachment when 1."})
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Skill file content", console_ns.models[BinaryFileResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def get(self, current_tenant_id: str, skill_id: str):
+        try:
+            query = SkillFileQuery.model_validate(
+                {
+                    "path": request.args.get("path"),
+                    "version_id": request.args.get("version_id"),
+                }
+            )
+            result = SkillManagementService().pull_file(
+                tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+                skill_id=skill_id,
+                path=query.path,
+                version_id=query.version_id,
+            )
+            return send_file(
+                io.BytesIO(result.payload),
+                mimetype=result.mime_type,
+                as_attachment=request.args.get("download") == "1",
+                download_name=result.filename,
+            )
+        except ValidationError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+
+@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/skills/<string:skill_id>/publish")
+class WorkspaceSkillPublishApi(Resource):
+    @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[SkillPublishPayload.__name__])
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Skill published", console_ns.models[SkillVersionResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @edit_permission_required
+    @with_current_user
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def post(self, current_tenant_id: str, current_user: Account, skill_id: str):
+        try:
+            payload = SkillPublishPayload.model_validate(console_ns.payload or {})
+            result = SkillManagementService().publish_skill(
+                tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+                user_id=current_user.id,
+                skill_id=skill_id,
+                payload=payload,
+            )
+            return dump_response(SkillVersionResponse, result)
+        except ValidationError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+
+@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/skills/<string:skill_id>/restore")
+class WorkspaceSkillRestoreApi(Resource):
+    @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[SkillRestorePayload.__name__])
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Skill version restored", console_ns.models[SkillVersionResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @edit_permission_required
+    @with_current_user
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def post(self, current_tenant_id: str, current_user: Account, skill_id: str):
+        try:
+            payload = SkillRestorePayload.model_validate(console_ns.payload or {})
+            result = SkillManagementService().restore_version(
+                tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+                user_id=current_user.id,
+                skill_id=skill_id,
+                payload=payload,
+            )
+            return dump_response(SkillVersionResponse, result)
+        except ValidationError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+
+@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/skills/<string:skill_id>/references")
+class WorkspaceSkillReferencesApi(Resource):
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Skill references", console_ns.models[SkillReferenceListResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def get(self, current_tenant_id: str, skill_id: str):
+        try:
+            result = SkillManagementService().list_skill_references(tenant_id=current_tenant_id, skill_id=skill_id)
+            return dump_response(SkillReferenceListResponse, result)
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+
+@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/skills/<string:skill_id>/versions")
+class WorkspaceSkillVersionsApi(Resource):
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Skill versions", console_ns.models[SkillVersionListResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def get(self, current_tenant_id: str, skill_id: str):
+        try:
+            result = SkillManagementService().list_versions(tenant_id=current_tenant_id, skill_id=skill_id)
+            return dump_response(SkillVersionListResponse, result)
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+
+@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/skills/<string:skill_id>/versions/<string:version_id>")
+class WorkspaceSkillVersionApi(Resource):
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Skill version detail", console_ns.models[SkillVersionDetailResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def get(self, current_tenant_id: str, skill_id: str, version_id: str):
+        try:
+            result = SkillManagementService().get_version(
+                tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+                skill_id=skill_id,
+                version_id=version_id,
+            )
+            return dump_response(SkillVersionDetailResponse, result)
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+    @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[SkillVersionUpdatePayload.__name__])
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Skill version updated", console_ns.models[SkillVersionResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @edit_permission_required
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def patch(self, current_tenant_id: str, skill_id: str, version_id: str):
+        try:
+            payload = SkillVersionUpdatePayload.model_validate(console_ns.payload or {})
+            result = SkillManagementService().update_version(
+                tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+                skill_id=skill_id,
+                version_id=version_id,
+                payload=payload,
+            )
+            return dump_response(SkillVersionResponse, result)
+        except ValidationError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Skill version deleted", console_ns.models[SkillVersionDeleteResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @edit_permission_required
+    @with_current_user
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def delete(self, current_tenant_id: str, current_user: Account, skill_id: str, version_id: str):
+        try:
+            result = SkillManagementService().delete_version(
+                tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+                user_id=current_user.id,
+                skill_id=skill_id,
+                version_id=version_id,
+            )
+            return dump_response(SkillVersionDeleteResponse, result)
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+
+@console_ns.route("/workspaces/current/agents/<string:agent_id>/skills")
+class WorkspaceAgentSkillBindingsApi(Resource):
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Agent Skill bindings", console_ns.models[AgentSkillBindingsResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def get(self, current_tenant_id: str, agent_id: str):
+        result = SkillManagementService().list_agent_bindings(tenant_id=current_tenant_id, agent_id=agent_id)
+        return dump_response(AgentSkillBindingsResponse, result)
+
+    @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[AgentSkillBindingsPayload.__name__])
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Agent Skill bindings replaced", console_ns.models[AgentSkillBindingsResponse.__name__])
+    @setup_required
+    @login_required
+    @account_initialization_required
+    @edit_permission_required
+    @with_current_user
+    @with_current_tenant_id
+    def put(self, current_tenant_id: str, current_user: Account, agent_id: str):
+        try:
+            payload = AgentSkillBindingsPayload.model_validate(console_ns.payload or {})
+            result = SkillManagementService().replace_agent_bindings(
+                tenant_id=current_tenant_id,
+                user_id=current_user.id,
+                agent_id=agent_id,
+                skill_ids=payload.skill_ids,
+            )
+            return dump_response(AgentSkillBindingsResponse, result)
+        except ValidationError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "WorkspaceAgentSkillBindingsApi",
+    "WorkspaceSkillApi",
+    "WorkspaceSkillDuplicateApi",
+    "WorkspaceSkillExportApi",
+    "WorkspaceSkillFilesApi",
+    "WorkspaceSkillImportApi",
+    "WorkspaceSkillPublishApi",
+    "WorkspaceSkillReferencesApi",
+    "WorkspaceSkillRestoreApi",
+    "WorkspaceSkillTagsApi",
+    "WorkspaceSkillVersionApi",
+    "WorkspaceSkillVersionsApi",
+    "WorkspaceSkillsApi",
+]

api/controllers/inner_api/__init__.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from .knowledge import retrieval as _knowledge_retrieval
 from .plugin import agent_config as _agent_config
 from .plugin import agent_drive as _agent_drive
 from .plugin import plugin as _plugin
-from .workspace import plugin_model_providers as _plugin_model_providers
+from .plugin import skills as _skills
 from .workspace import workspace as _workspace
 
 api.add_namespace(inner_api_ns)
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ __all__ = [
     "_knowledge_retrieval",
     "_mail",
     "_plugin",
-    "_plugin_model_providers",
     "_runtime_credentials",
+    "_skills",
     "_workspace",
     "api",
     "bp",

api/controllers/inner_api/plugin/skills.py

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+"""Inner API for published workspace Skills.
+
+These endpoints are called by trusted runtime services. They expose only
+published Skill artifacts, never draft files or editable metadata.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+
+from flask import request, send_file
+from flask_restx import Resource
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError
+
+from controllers.console.wraps import setup_required
+from controllers.inner_api import inner_api_ns
+from controllers.inner_api.wraps import plugin_inner_api_only
+from services.skill_management_service import SkillManagementService, SkillManagementServiceError
+
+
+class _SkillTargetQuery(BaseModel):
+    tenant_id: str
+
+
+def _target_query_from_request() -> _SkillTargetQuery:
+    return _SkillTargetQuery.model_validate({"tenant_id": request.args.get("tenant_id")})
+
+
+def _error_response(exc: SkillManagementServiceError) -> tuple[dict[str, str], int]:
+    return {"code": exc.code, "message": exc.message}, exc.status_code
+
+
+@inner_api_ns.route("/skills/<string:skill_id>/pull")
+class PublishedSkillPullApi(Resource):
+    @setup_required
+    @plugin_inner_api_only
+    @inner_api_ns.doc("published_skill_pull")
+    def get(self, skill_id: str):
+        try:
+            query = _target_query_from_request()
+            result = SkillManagementService().pull_published_archive(tenant_id=query.tenant_id, skill_id=skill_id)
+            return send_file(
+                io.BytesIO(result.payload),
+                mimetype=result.mime_type,
+                as_attachment=True,
+                download_name=result.filename,
+            )
+        except ValidationError as exc:
+            return {"code": "invalid_request", "message": str(exc)}, 400
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            return _error_response(exc)
+
+
+__all__ = ["PublishedSkillPullApi"]

api/controllers/inner_api/workspace/plugin_model_providers.py

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-from flask_restx import Resource
-from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
-
-from controllers.common.schema import register_schema_model
-from controllers.console.wraps import setup_required
-from controllers.inner_api import inner_api_ns
-from controllers.inner_api.wraps import enterprise_inner_api_only
-from core.plugin.plugin_service import PluginService
-
-
-class InvalidatePluginModelProvidersCachePayload(BaseModel):
-    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="forbid")
-
-    tenant_ids: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list, description="Workspace ids whose cache should be invalidated")
-
-
-register_schema_model(inner_api_ns, InvalidatePluginModelProvidersCachePayload)
-
-
-@inner_api_ns.route("/enterprise/workspace/plugin-model-providers/invalidate")
-class EnterprisePluginModelProvidersCacheInvalidate(Resource):
-    @setup_required
-    @enterprise_inner_api_only
-    @inner_api_ns.doc(
-        "enterprise_invalidate_plugin_model_providers_cache",
-        responses={
-            200: "Cache invalidated",
-            400: "Invalid request",
-            401: "Unauthorized - invalid API key",
-        },
-    )
-    @inner_api_ns.expect(inner_api_ns.models[InvalidatePluginModelProvidersCachePayload.__name__])
-    def post(self):
-        args = InvalidatePluginModelProvidersCachePayload.model_validate(inner_api_ns.payload or {})
-
-        for tenant_id in args.tenant_ids:
-            PluginService.invalidate_plugin_model_providers_cache(tenant_id)
-
-        return {"result": "success"}, 200

api/core/app/apps/agent_app/app_generator.py

@@ -538,6 +538,7 @@ class AgentAppGenerator(MessageBasedAppGenerator):
             request_builder=AgentAppRuntimeRequestBuilder(credentials_provider=credentials_provider),
             agent_backend_client=create_agent_backend_run_client(
                 base_url=dify_config.AGENT_BACKEND_BASE_URL,
+                api_token=dify_config.AGENT_BACKEND_API_TOKEN,
                 use_fake=dify_config.AGENT_BACKEND_USE_FAKE,
                 fake_scenario=dify_config.AGENT_BACKEND_FAKE_SCENARIO,
                 stream_read_timeout_seconds=dify_config.AGENT_BACKEND_STREAM_READ_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,

api/core/app/apps/agent_app/runtime_request_builder.py

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ from core.workflow.nodes.agent_v2.runtime_request_builder import (
     build_config_layer_config,
     build_knowledge_layer_config,
     build_shell_layer_config,
+    load_runtime_agent_skill_configs,
 )
 from models.agent_config_entities import AgentSoulConfig, AgentSoulToolsConfig
 from models.provider_ids import ModelProviderID
@@ -125,14 +126,22 @@ class AgentAppRuntimeRequestBuilder:
                 "cli_tool_count": len(agent_soul.tools.cli_tools),
             }
 
+        runtime_config_skills = load_runtime_agent_skill_configs(
+            tenant_id=context.dify_context.tenant_id,
+            agent_id=context.agent_id,
+        )
         config_layer_config, config_warnings = build_config_layer_config(
             agent_soul,
             agent_id=context.agent_id,
             config_version_id=context.agent_config_snapshot_id,
             config_version_kind=context.agent_config_version_kind,
+            runtime_config_skills=runtime_config_skills,
         )
         append_runtime_warnings(metadata, config_warnings)
-        soul_prompt_resolver = build_config_aware_soul_mention_resolver(agent_soul)
+        soul_prompt_resolver = build_config_aware_soul_mention_resolver(
+            agent_soul,
+            runtime_config_skills=runtime_config_skills,
+        )
         knowledge_config = build_knowledge_layer_config(agent_soul)
 
         request = self._request_builder.build_for_agent_app(

api/core/plugin/entities/plugin_daemon.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from core.agent.plugin_entities import AgentProviderEntityWithPlugin
 from core.datasource.entities.datasource_entities import DatasourceProviderEntityWithPlugin
 from core.plugin.entities.base import BasePluginEntity
 from core.plugin.entities.parameters import PluginParameterOption
-from core.plugin.entities.plugin import PluginDeclaration, PluginEntity, PluginInstallationSource
+from core.plugin.entities.plugin import PluginDeclaration, PluginEntity
 from core.tools.entities.common_entities import I18nObject
 from core.tools.entities.tool_entities import ToolProviderEntityWithPlugin
 from core.trigger.entities.entities import TriggerProviderEntity
@@ -94,18 +94,6 @@ class PluginModelProviderEntity(BaseModel):
     declaration: ProviderEntity = Field(description="The declaration of the model provider.")
 
 
-class PluginModelProviderBinding(BaseModel):
-    """Lightweight installation metadata for one model provider."""
-
-    provider: str
-    installation_id: str
-    plugin_id: str
-    plugin_unique_identifier: str
-    runtime_type: str
-    source: PluginInstallationSource
-    version: str
-
-
 class PluginTextEmbeddingNumTokensResponse(BaseModel):
     """
     Response for number of tokens.
@@ -219,10 +207,6 @@ class PluginListResponse(BaseModel):
     total: int
 
 
-class PluginInstalledIdsDaemonResponse(BaseModel):
-    plugin_ids: list[str]
-
-
 class PluginListWithoutTotalResponse(BaseModel):
     list: list[PluginEntity]
     has_more: bool

api/core/plugin/impl/model.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ from core.plugin.entities.plugin_daemon import (
     PluginBasicBooleanResponse,
     PluginDaemonInnerError,
     PluginLLMNumTokensResponse,
-    PluginModelProviderBinding,
     PluginModelProviderEntity,
     PluginModelSchemaEntity,
     PluginStringResultResponse,
@@ -48,14 +47,6 @@ class PluginModelClient(BasePluginClient):
         )
         return response
 
-    def fetch_model_provider_bindings(self, tenant_id: str) -> Sequence[PluginModelProviderBinding]:
-        """Fetch only model-provider installation identities from the daemon."""
-        return self._request_with_plugin_daemon_response(
-            "GET",
-            f"plugin/{tenant_id}/management/models/bindings",
-            list[PluginModelProviderBinding],
-        )
-
     def get_model_schema(
         self,
         tenant_id: str,

api/core/plugin/impl/plugin.py

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ from core.plugin.entities.plugin import (
 )
 from core.plugin.entities.plugin_daemon import (
     PluginDecodeResponse,
-    PluginInstalledIdsDaemonResponse,
     PluginInstallTask,
     PluginInstallTaskStartResponse,
     PluginListResponse,
@@ -69,16 +68,6 @@ class PluginInstaller(BasePluginClient):
         )
         return result.list
 
-    def list_installed_plugin_ids(self, tenant_id: str, category: PluginCategory) -> list[str]:
-        """List all currently installed plugin IDs in one category."""
-        result = self._request_with_plugin_daemon_response(
-            "GET",
-            f"plugin/{tenant_id}/management/installation/ids",
-            PluginInstalledIdsDaemonResponse,
-            params={"category": category.value},
-        )
-        return result.plugin_ids
-
     def list_plugins_with_total(self, tenant_id: str, page: int, page_size: int) -> PluginListResponse:
         return self._request_with_plugin_daemon_response(
             "GET",
@@ -88,28 +77,13 @@ class PluginInstaller(BasePluginClient):
         )
 
     def list_plugins_by_category(
-        self,
-        tenant_id: str,
-        category: PluginCategory,
-        page: int,
-        page_size: int,
-        *,
-        query: str = "",
-        tags: Sequence[str] = (),
-        language: str = "en_US",
+        self, tenant_id: str, category: PluginCategory, page: int, page_size: int
     ) -> PluginListWithoutTotalResponse:
         return self._request_with_plugin_daemon_response(
             "GET",
             f"plugin/{tenant_id}/management/{category.value}/list",
             PluginListWithoutTotalResponse,
-            params={
-                "page": page,
-                "page_size": page_size,
-                "response_type": "paged",
-                "query": query,
-                "tags": list(tags),
-                "language": language,
-            },
+            params={"page": page, "page_size": page_size, "response_type": "paged"},
         )
 
     def upload_pkg(

api/core/plugin/plugin_service.py

@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ from core.plugin.entities.plugin_daemon import (
     PluginInstallTaskStatus,
     PluginListResponse,
     PluginListWithoutTotalResponse,
-    PluginModelProviderBinding,
     PluginModelProviderEntity,
     PluginVerification,
 )
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ from services.enterprise.plugin_manager_service import (
     PreUninstallPluginRequest,
 )
 from services.errors.plugin import PluginInstallationForbiddenError
-from services.feature_service import FeatureService, PluginInstallationScope
+from services.feature_service import FeatureService, PluginInstallationPermissionModel, PluginInstallationScope
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 _provider_entities_adapter: TypeAdapter[list[ProviderEntity]] = TypeAdapter(list[ProviderEntity])
@@ -79,12 +78,6 @@ class _RedisLock(Protocol):
     def release(self) -> None: ...
 
 
-class _ModelPluginIdentity(Protocol):
-    plugin_id: str
-    plugin_unique_identifier: str
-    source: PluginInstallationSource
-
-
 class PluginService:
     class LatestPluginCache(BaseModel):
         plugin_id: str
@@ -272,7 +265,7 @@ class PluginService:
             logger.warning("Failed to cache plugin model providers for tenant %s.", tenant_id, exc_info=True)
 
     @classmethod
-    def _get_remote_model_plugin_cache_marker(cls, plugins: Sequence[_ModelPluginIdentity]) -> str | None:
+    def _get_remote_model_plugin_cache_marker(cls, plugins: Sequence[PluginEntity]) -> str | None:
         remote_model_plugins = sorted(
             f"{plugin.plugin_id}:{plugin.plugin_unique_identifier}"
             for plugin in plugins
@@ -357,7 +350,7 @@ class PluginService:
     def _should_invalidate_model_provider_cache_for_remote_model_plugins(
         cls,
         tenant_id: str,
-        plugins: Sequence[_ModelPluginIdentity],
+        plugins: Sequence[PluginEntity],
     ) -> bool:
         remote_model_plugin_marker = cls._get_remote_model_plugin_cache_marker(plugins)
         cached_remote_model_plugin_marker = cls._load_cached_remote_model_plugin_marker(tenant_id)
@@ -441,14 +434,18 @@ class PluginService:
                     exc_info=True,
                 )
 
+    @classmethod
+    def _fetch_plugin_model_providers_uncached(
+        cls, tenant_id: str, client: PluginModelClient | None
+    ) -> tuple[ProviderEntity, ...]:
+        model_client = client or PluginModelClient()
+        return tuple(cls._to_provider_entity(provider) for provider in model_client.fetch_model_providers(tenant_id))
+
     @classmethod
     def _fetch_and_cache_plugin_model_providers(
         cls, tenant_id: str, client: PluginModelClient | None, *, refresh_generation: int | None
     ) -> tuple[ProviderEntity, ...]:
-        model_client = client or PluginModelClient()
-        providers = tuple(
-            cls._to_provider_entity(provider) for provider in model_client.fetch_model_providers(tenant_id)
-        )
+        providers = cls._fetch_plugin_model_providers_uncached(tenant_id, client)
         generation = cls._load_plugin_model_providers_generation(tenant_id)
         if generation is not None and generation == refresh_generation:
             cls._store_cached_plugin_model_providers(tenant_id, generation, providers)
@@ -478,6 +475,9 @@ class PluginService:
         are intentionally owned by this service so tenant isolation and cache
         expiry are handled in one place.
         """
+        if not dify_config.PLUGIN_MODEL_PROVIDERS_CACHE_ENABLED:
+            return cls._fetch_plugin_model_providers_uncached(tenant_id, client)
+
         deadline = time.monotonic() + cls.PLUGIN_MODEL_PROVIDERS_LOCK_WAIT_TIMEOUT
 
         while True:
@@ -604,22 +604,30 @@ class PluginService:
             return result
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _check_marketplace_only_permission():
+    def _check_marketplace_only_permission() -> None:
         """
         Check if the marketplace only permission is enabled
         """
-        features = FeatureService.get_system_features()
-        if features.plugin_installation_permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only:
+        permission = PluginService._get_plugin_installation_permission()
+        if permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only:
             raise PluginInstallationForbiddenError("Plugin installation is restricted to marketplace only")
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _check_plugin_installation_scope(plugin_verification: PluginVerification | None):
+    def _get_plugin_installation_permission() -> PluginInstallationPermissionModel:
+        """Resolve the validated policy and reject deny-all before any installation side effect."""
+        permission = FeatureService.get_plugin_installation_permission()
+        if permission.plugin_installation_scope == PluginInstallationScope.NONE:
+            raise PluginInstallationForbiddenError("Installing plugins is not allowed")
+        return permission
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _check_plugin_installation_scope(plugin_verification: PluginVerification | None) -> None:
         """
         Check the plugin installation scope
         """
-        features = FeatureService.get_system_features()
+        permission = PluginService._get_plugin_installation_permission()
 
-        match features.plugin_installation_permission.plugin_installation_scope:
+        match permission.plugin_installation_scope:
             case PluginInstallationScope.OFFICIAL_ONLY:
                 if (
                     plugin_verification is None
@@ -634,10 +642,10 @@ class PluginService:
                     raise PluginInstallationForbiddenError(
                         "Plugin installation is restricted to official and specific partners"
                     )
-            case PluginInstallationScope.NONE:
-                raise PluginInstallationForbiddenError("Installing plugins is not allowed")
             case PluginInstallationScope.ALL:
                 pass
+            case _:
+                raise PluginInstallationForbiddenError("Plugin installation policy is invalid")
 
     @staticmethod
     def get_debugging_key(tenant_id: str) -> str:
@@ -663,26 +671,6 @@ class PluginService:
         plugins = manager.list_plugins(tenant_id)
         return plugins
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def list_installed_plugin_ids(tenant_id: str, category: PluginCategory) -> Sequence[str]:
-        """List all currently installed plugin IDs in one category through the daemon's lightweight query."""
-        manager = PluginInstaller()
-        return manager.list_installed_plugin_ids(tenant_id, category)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def list_model_provider_bindings(
-        tenant_id: str, *, client: PluginModelClient | None = None
-    ) -> Sequence[PluginModelProviderBinding]:
-        """Return fresh model bindings and reconcile remote-debug provider metadata before it is read."""
-        model_client = client or PluginModelClient()
-        bindings = model_client.fetch_model_provider_bindings(tenant_id)
-        if PluginService._should_invalidate_model_provider_cache_for_remote_model_plugins(tenant_id, bindings):
-            PluginService.invalidate_plugin_model_providers_cache(tenant_id)
-
-        marker = PluginService._get_remote_model_plugin_cache_marker(bindings)
-        PluginService._store_cached_remote_model_plugin_marker(tenant_id, marker)
-        return bindings
-
     @staticmethod
     def list_with_total(tenant_id: str, user_id: str, page: int, page_size: int) -> PluginListResponse:
         """List tenant plugins with endpoint counts reconciled from live records.
@@ -699,33 +687,17 @@ class PluginService:
 
     @staticmethod
     def list_by_category(
-        tenant_id: str,
-        category: PluginCategory,
-        page: int,
-        page_size: int,
-        *,
-        query: str = "",
-        tags: Sequence[str] = (),
-        language: str = "en_US",
+        tenant_id: str, category: PluginCategory, page: int, page_size: int
     ) -> PluginListWithoutTotalResponse:
         """
         List plugins in one category with a has-more cursor signal and without calculating total.
 
-        The daemon applies category, search, and tag filters before pagination, then stops once it finds one extra
-        match. Only a complete, unfiltered first page may reconcile the model-provider cache; the unpaginated model
-        binding read is the authoritative marker source for larger result sets.
+        The daemon scans tenant installations in the existing list order and stops once it finds one extra match.
+        This keeps pagination usable before category is persisted on installation rows.
         """
         manager = PluginInstaller()
-        plugins = manager.list_plugins_by_category(
-            tenant_id,
-            category,
-            page,
-            page_size,
-            query=query,
-            tags=tags,
-            language=language,
-        )
-        if category == PluginCategory.Model and page == 1 and not plugins.has_more and not query and not tags:
+        plugins = manager.list_plugins_by_category(tenant_id, category, page, page_size)
+        if category == PluginCategory.Model:
             should_invalidate_model_provider_cache = (
                 PluginService._should_invalidate_model_provider_cache_for_remote_model_plugins(
                     tenant_id,
@@ -943,7 +915,7 @@ class PluginService:
         # check if plugin pkg is already downloaded
         manager = PluginInstaller()
 
-        features = FeatureService.get_system_features()
+        permission = PluginService._get_plugin_installation_permission()
 
         try:
             manager.fetch_plugin_manifest(tenant_id, new_plugin_unique_identifier)
@@ -955,7 +927,7 @@ class PluginService:
             response = manager.upload_pkg(
                 tenant_id,
                 pkg,
-                verify_signature=features.plugin_installation_permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only,
+                verify_signature=permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only,
             )
 
             # check if the plugin is available to install
@@ -1010,11 +982,11 @@ class PluginService:
         """
         PluginService._check_marketplace_only_permission()
         manager = PluginInstaller()
-        features = FeatureService.get_system_features()
+        permission = PluginService._get_plugin_installation_permission()
         response = manager.upload_pkg(
             tenant_id,
             pkg,
-            verify_signature=features.plugin_installation_permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only,
+            verify_signature=permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only,
         )
         PluginService._check_plugin_installation_scope(response.verification)
 
@@ -1032,13 +1004,13 @@ class PluginService:
         pkg = download_with_size_limit(
             f"https://github.com/{repo}/releases/download/{version}/{package}", dify_config.PLUGIN_MAX_PACKAGE_SIZE
         )
-        features = FeatureService.get_system_features()
+        permission = PluginService._get_plugin_installation_permission()
 
         manager = PluginInstaller()
         response = manager.upload_pkg(
             tenant_id,
             pkg,
-            verify_signature=features.plugin_installation_permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only,
+            verify_signature=permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only,
         )
         PluginService._check_plugin_installation_scope(response.verification)
 
@@ -1112,7 +1084,7 @@ class PluginService:
         if not dify_config.MARKETPLACE_ENABLED:
             raise ValueError("marketplace is not enabled")
 
-        features = FeatureService.get_system_features()
+        permission = PluginService._get_plugin_installation_permission()
 
         manager = PluginInstaller()
         try:
@@ -1122,7 +1094,7 @@ class PluginService:
             response = manager.upload_pkg(
                 tenant_id,
                 pkg,
-                verify_signature=features.plugin_installation_permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only,
+                verify_signature=permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only,
             )
             # check if the plugin is available to install
             PluginService._check_plugin_installation_scope(response.verification)
@@ -1144,7 +1116,7 @@ class PluginService:
         # collect actual plugin_unique_identifiers
         actual_plugin_unique_identifiers = []
         metas = []
-        features = FeatureService.get_system_features()
+        permission = PluginService._get_plugin_installation_permission()
 
         # check if already downloaded
         for plugin_unique_identifier in plugin_unique_identifiers:
@@ -1162,7 +1134,7 @@ class PluginService:
                 response = manager.upload_pkg(
                     tenant_id,
                     pkg,
-                    verify_signature=features.plugin_installation_permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only,
+                    verify_signature=permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only,
                 )
                 # check if the plugin is available to install
                 PluginService._check_plugin_installation_scope(response.verification)

api/core/rag/retrieval/dataset_retrieval.py

@@ -2023,6 +2023,8 @@ class DatasetRetrieval:
             redis_client.zremrangebyscore(key, 0, current_time - 60000)
             request_count = redis_client.zcard(key)
             if request_count > knowledge_rate_limit.limit:
+                # The rate-limit exception is raised after this block, so commit the audit row
+                # explicitly instead of relying on the Session context, which only closes it.
                 with session_factory.create_session() as session:
                     rate_limit_log = RateLimitLog(
                         tenant_id=tenant_id,
@@ -2030,6 +2032,7 @@ class DatasetRetrieval:
                         operation="knowledge",
                     )
                     session.add(rate_limit_log)
+                    session.commit()
                 raise exc.RateLimitExceededError(
                     "you have reached the knowledge base request rate limit of your subscription."
                 )

api/core/tools/mcp_tool/tool.py

@@ -107,6 +107,8 @@ class MCPTool(Tool):
         if self.entity.output_schema and result.structuredContent:
             for k, v in result.structuredContent.items():
                 yield self.create_variable_message(k, v)
+        elif result.structuredContent:
+            yield self.create_json_message(result.structuredContent)
 
     def _process_text_content(self, content: TextContent) -> Generator[ToolInvokeMessage, None, None]:
         """Process text content and yield appropriate messages."""

api/core/workflow/node_factory.py

@@ -497,6 +497,7 @@ class DifyNodeFactory(NodeFactory):
                 ),
                 "agent_backend_client": create_agent_backend_run_client(
                     base_url=dify_config.AGENT_BACKEND_BASE_URL,
+                    api_token=dify_config.AGENT_BACKEND_API_TOKEN,
                     use_fake=dify_config.AGENT_BACKEND_USE_FAKE,
                     fake_scenario=dify_config.AGENT_BACKEND_FAKE_SCENARIO,
                     stream_read_timeout_seconds=dify_config.AGENT_BACKEND_STREAM_READ_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,

api/core/workflow/nodes/agent_v2/runtime_request_builder.py

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ from dify_agent.layers.shell import (
 )
 from dify_agent.protocol import CreateRunRequest, DeferredToolResultsPayload
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError
+from sqlalchemy.exc import OperationalError
 
 from clients.agent_backend import (
     AgentBackendModelConfig,
@@ -206,14 +207,22 @@ class WorkflowAgentRuntimeRequestBuilder:
                 "cli_tool_count": len(agent_soul.tools.cli_tools),
             }
 
+        runtime_config_skills = load_runtime_agent_skill_configs(
+            tenant_id=context.dify_context.tenant_id,
+            agent_id=context.agent.id,
+        )
         config_layer_config, config_warnings = build_config_layer_config(
             agent_soul,
             agent_id=context.agent.id,
             config_version_id=context.snapshot.id,
             config_version_kind="snapshot",
+            runtime_config_skills=runtime_config_skills,
         )
         append_runtime_warnings(metadata, config_warnings)
-        soul_prompt_resolver = build_config_aware_soul_mention_resolver(agent_soul)
+        soul_prompt_resolver = build_config_aware_soul_mention_resolver(
+            agent_soul,
+            runtime_config_skills=runtime_config_skills,
+        )
         soul_prompt = expand_prompt_mentions(agent_soul.prompt.system_prompt, soul_prompt_resolver).strip()
         knowledge_config = build_knowledge_layer_config(agent_soul)
 
@@ -883,11 +892,16 @@ def append_runtime_warnings(metadata: dict[str, Any], warnings: list[dict[str, s
             existing.extend(warnings)
 
 
-def build_config_aware_soul_mention_resolver(agent_soul: AgentSoulConfig):
+def build_config_aware_soul_mention_resolver(
+    agent_soul: AgentSoulConfig,
+    *,
+    runtime_config_skills: Sequence[DifyConfigSkillConfig] = (),
+):
     """Resolve config skill/file mentions and delegate the rest to Agent Soul."""
 
     base_resolver = build_soul_mention_resolver(agent_soul)
     skill_names = {item.name for item in agent_soul.config_skills if not item.is_missing}
+    skill_names.update(item.name for item in runtime_config_skills)
     file_names = {item.name for item in agent_soul.config_files if not item.is_missing}
 
     def _resolve(mention: object) -> str | None:
@@ -905,12 +919,34 @@ def build_config_aware_soul_mention_resolver(agent_soul: AgentSoulConfig):
     return _resolve
 
 
+def load_runtime_agent_skill_configs(*, tenant_id: str, agent_id: str) -> list[DifyConfigSkillConfig]:
+    """Return workspace-bound Skills as prompt-safe runtime config skills."""
+    from services.skill_management_service import SkillManagementService
+
+    try:
+        runtime_skills = SkillManagementService().list_runtime_agent_skills(tenant_id=tenant_id, agent_id=agent_id)
+    except OperationalError as exc:
+        if "no such table: agent_skill_bindings" not in str(exc.orig):
+            raise
+        runtime_skills = []
+    return [
+        DifyConfigSkillConfig(
+            name=str(item["name"]),
+            description=str(item.get("description") or ""),
+            size=cast(int | None, item.get("size")),
+            mime_type=cast(str | None, item.get("mime_type")),
+        )
+        for item in runtime_skills
+    ]
+
+
 def build_config_layer_config(
     agent_soul: AgentSoulConfig,
     *,
     agent_id: str | None = None,
     config_version_id: str | None = None,
     config_version_kind: Literal["snapshot", "draft", "build_draft"] = "snapshot",
+    runtime_config_skills: Sequence[DifyConfigSkillConfig] = (),
 ) -> tuple[DifyConfigLayerConfig, list[dict[str, str]]]:
     """Build the always-present Agent config layer from Agent Soul state.
 
@@ -927,8 +963,23 @@ def build_config_layer_config(
         )
     )
     available_skills = [skill for skill in agent_soul.config_skills if not skill.is_missing]
+    skill_configs = [
+        DifyConfigSkillConfig(
+            name=skill.name,
+            description=skill.description,
+            size=skill.size,
+            mime_type=skill.mime_type,
+        )
+        for skill in available_skills
+    ]
+    seen_skill_names = {skill.name for skill in skill_configs}
+    for skill in runtime_config_skills:
+        if skill.name in seen_skill_names:
+            continue
+        seen_skill_names.add(skill.name)
+        skill_configs.append(skill)
     available_files = [file_ref for file_ref in agent_soul.config_files if not file_ref.is_missing]
-    skill_names = {skill.name for skill in available_skills}
+    skill_names = {skill.name for skill in skill_configs}
     file_names = {file_ref.name for file_ref in available_files}
     warnings: list[dict[str, str]] = [
         {
@@ -965,15 +1016,7 @@ def build_config_layer_config(
                 kind=config_version_kind,
                 writable=config_version_kind == "build_draft",
             ),
-            skills=[
-                DifyConfigSkillConfig(
-                    name=skill.name,
-                    description=skill.description,
-                    size=skill.size,
-                    mime_type=skill.mime_type,
-                )
-                for skill in available_skills
-            ],
+            skills=skill_configs,
             files=[
                 DifyConfigFileConfig(
                     name=file_ref.name,

api/libs/helper.py

@@ -289,7 +289,11 @@ UUIDStr = Annotated[str, AfterValidator(_strict_uuid)]
 
 def alphanumeric(value: str):
     # check if the value is alphanumeric and underlined
-    if re.match(r"^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$", value):
+    # Use re.fullmatch instead of re.match to reject trailing newlines.
+    # In Python, '$' matches at end-of-string OR just before a trailing newline,
+    # so re.match accepts "tool_name\n". re.fullmatch requires the entire
+    # string to match. Regression for #39666 (sibling of #39234 / #39548).
+    if re.fullmatch(r"^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$", value):
         return value
 
     raise ValueError(f"{value} is not a valid alphanumeric value")

api/migrations/versions/2026_07_09_1200-a4f8d2c9e1b0_add_workspace_skill_management.py

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+"""add workspace skill management
+
+Revision ID: a4f8d2c9e1b0
+Revises: 6f5a9c2d8e1b
+Create Date: 2026-07-09 12:00:00.000000
+
+"""
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+from sqlalchemy.dialects import mysql
+
+from models.types import StringUUID
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision = "a4f8d2c9e1b0"
+down_revision = "6f5a9c2d8e1b"
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def _uuid_column(name: str, *, nullable: bool = False) -> sa.Column:
+    return sa.Column(name, StringUUID(), nullable=nullable)
+
+
+def _long_text() -> sa.types.TypeEngine:
+    return sa.Text().with_variant(mysql.LONGTEXT(), "mysql")
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.create_table(
+        "skills",
+        _uuid_column("id"),
+        _uuid_column("tenant_id"),
+        sa.Column("name", sa.String(length=64), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("display_name", sa.String(length=128), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("icon", sa.String(length=16), nullable=False, server_default="📄"),
+        sa.Column("description", sa.String(length=1024), nullable=False, server_default=""),
+        sa.Column("name_manually_edited", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.false()),
+        sa.Column("visibility", sa.String(length=32), nullable=False, server_default="workspace"),
+        _uuid_column("latest_published_version_id", nullable=True),
+        _uuid_column("created_by", nullable=True),
+        _uuid_column("updated_by", nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.current_timestamp()),
+        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.current_timestamp()),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="skill_pkey"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "name", name="skill_tenant_name_unique"),
+    )
+    op.create_index("skills_tenant_updated_at_idx", "skills", ["tenant_id", "updated_at"])
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "skill_draft_files",
+        _uuid_column("id"),
+        _uuid_column("skill_id"),
+        sa.Column("path", sa.String(length=512), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("kind", sa.String(length=32), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("storage", sa.String(length=32), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("mime_type", sa.String(length=255), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("content_text", _long_text(), nullable=True),
+        _uuid_column("tool_file_id", nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("size", sa.BigInteger(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("hash", sa.String(length=255), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.current_timestamp()),
+        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.current_timestamp()),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="skill_draft_file_pkey"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("skill_id", "path", name="skill_draft_file_skill_path_unique"),
+    )
+    op.create_index("skill_draft_files_skill_path_idx", "skill_draft_files", ["skill_id", "path"])
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "skill_versions",
+        _uuid_column("id"),
+        _uuid_column("skill_id"),
+        sa.Column("version_number", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("version_name", sa.String(length=128), nullable=False, server_default=""),
+        sa.Column("publish_note", sa.String(length=1024), nullable=False, server_default=""),
+        sa.Column("manifest", _long_text(), nullable=False),
+        _uuid_column("archive_tool_file_id"),
+        sa.Column("hash_code", sa.String(length=255), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("archive_size", sa.BigInteger(), nullable=False),
+        _uuid_column("published_by", nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.current_timestamp()),
+        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.current_timestamp()),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="skill_version_pkey"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("skill_id", "version_number", name="skill_version_skill_number_unique"),
+    )
+    op.create_index("skill_versions_skill_created_at_idx", "skill_versions", ["skill_id", "created_at"])
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "agent_skill_bindings",
+        _uuid_column("id"),
+        _uuid_column("tenant_id"),
+        _uuid_column("agent_id"),
+        _uuid_column("skill_id"),
+        sa.Column("priority", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
+        _uuid_column("created_by", nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.current_timestamp()),
+        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.func.current_timestamp()),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="agent_skill_binding_pkey"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "agent_id", "skill_id", name="agent_skill_binding_unique"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "agent_id", "priority", name="agent_skill_binding_priority_unique"),
+    )
+    op.create_index("agent_skill_bindings_skill_idx", "agent_skill_bindings", ["tenant_id", "skill_id"])
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_index("agent_skill_bindings_skill_idx", table_name="agent_skill_bindings")
+    op.drop_table("agent_skill_bindings")
+    op.drop_index("skill_versions_skill_created_at_idx", table_name="skill_versions")
+    op.drop_table("skill_versions")
+    op.drop_index("skill_draft_files_skill_path_idx", table_name="skill_draft_files")
+    op.drop_table("skill_draft_files")
+    op.drop_index("skills_tenant_updated_at_idx", table_name="skills")
+    op.drop_table("skills")

api/migrations/versions/2026_07_22_1500-d2825e7b9c10_scope_agent_debug_conversations.py

@@ -18,31 +18,109 @@ branch_labels = None
 depends_on = None
 
 
+def _is_pg(conn) -> bool:
+    return conn.dialect.name == "postgresql"
+
+
+def _uuid_column(name: str, *, nullable: bool = False, primary_key: bool = False) -> sa.Column:
+    kwargs = {"nullable": nullable, "primary_key": primary_key}
+    if primary_key and _is_pg(op.get_bind()):
+        kwargs["server_default"] = sa.text("uuidv7()")
+    return sa.Column(name, models.types.StringUUID(), **kwargs)
+
+
+def _has_table(table_name: str) -> bool:
+    return sa.inspect(op.get_bind()).has_table(table_name)
+
+
+def _has_column(table_name: str, column_name: str) -> bool:
+    return any(
+        column["name"] == column_name for column in sa.inspect(op.get_bind()).get_columns(table_name)
+    )
+
+
+def _has_unique_constraint(table_name: str, constraint_name: str) -> bool:
+    return any(
+        constraint["name"] == constraint_name
+        for constraint in sa.inspect(op.get_bind()).get_unique_constraints(table_name)
+    )
+
+
 def upgrade():
+    if not _has_table("agent_debug_conversations"):
+        op.create_table(
+            "agent_debug_conversations",
+            _uuid_column("id", primary_key=True),
+            sa.Column("tenant_id", models.types.StringUUID(), nullable=False),
+            sa.Column("agent_id", models.types.StringUUID(), nullable=False),
+            sa.Column("app_id", models.types.StringUUID(), nullable=False),
+            sa.Column("account_id", models.types.StringUUID(), nullable=False),
+            sa.Column("conversation_id", models.types.StringUUID(), nullable=False),
+            sa.Column(
+                "draft_type",
+                sa.String(length=32),
+                nullable=False,
+                server_default=sa.text("'debug_build'"),
+            ),
+            sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(), server_default=sa.func.current_timestamp(), nullable=False),
+            sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(), server_default=sa.func.current_timestamp(), nullable=False),
+            sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name=op.f("agent_debug_conversation_pkey")),
+            sa.UniqueConstraint(
+                "tenant_id",
+                "agent_id",
+                "account_id",
+                "draft_type",
+                name=op.f("agent_debug_conversation_agent_account_draft_type_unique"),
+            ),
+        )
+        op.create_index(
+            "agent_debug_conversation_conversation_idx",
+            "agent_debug_conversations",
+            ["conversation_id"],
+        )
+        op.create_index(
+            "agent_debug_conversation_account_idx",
+            "agent_debug_conversations",
+            ["tenant_id", "account_id"],
+        )
+        return
+
     # Existing pointers have always represented Build chat because the Agent
     # detail API exposes them as ``debug_conversation_id`` for that surface.
-    op.add_column(
+    if not _has_column("agent_debug_conversations", "draft_type"):
+        op.add_column(
+            "agent_debug_conversations",
+            sa.Column(
+                "draft_type",
+                sa.String(length=32),
+                nullable=False,
+                server_default=sa.text("'debug_build'"),
+            ),
+        )
+    if _has_unique_constraint(
         "agent_debug_conversations",
-        sa.Column(
-            "draft_type",
-            sa.String(length=32),
-            nullable=False,
-            server_default=sa.text("'debug_build'"),
-        ),
-    )
-    op.drop_constraint(
         "agent_debug_conversation_agent_account_unique",
+    ):
+        op.drop_constraint(
+            "agent_debug_conversation_agent_account_unique",
+            "agent_debug_conversations",
+            type_="unique",
+        )
+    if not _has_unique_constraint(
         "agent_debug_conversations",
-        type_="unique",
-    )
-    op.create_unique_constraint(
         "agent_debug_conversation_agent_account_draft_type_unique",
-        "agent_debug_conversations",
-        ["tenant_id", "agent_id", "account_id", "draft_type"],
-    )
+    ):
+        op.create_unique_constraint(
+            "agent_debug_conversation_agent_account_draft_type_unique",
+            "agent_debug_conversations",
+            ["tenant_id", "agent_id", "account_id", "draft_type"],
+        )
 
 
 def downgrade():
+    if not _has_table("agent_debug_conversations"):
+        return
+
     debug_conversations = sa.table(
         "agent_debug_conversations",
         sa.column("tenant_id", models.types.StringUUID()),
@@ -64,14 +142,23 @@ def downgrade():
             ),
         )
     )
-    op.drop_constraint(
+    if _has_unique_constraint(
+        "agent_debug_conversations",
         "agent_debug_conversation_agent_account_draft_type_unique",
+    ):
+        op.drop_constraint(
+            "agent_debug_conversation_agent_account_draft_type_unique",
+            "agent_debug_conversations",
+            type_="unique",
+        )
+    if not _has_unique_constraint(
         "agent_debug_conversations",
-        type_="unique",
-    )
-    op.create_unique_constraint(
         "agent_debug_conversation_agent_account_unique",
-        "agent_debug_conversations",
-        ["tenant_id", "agent_id", "account_id"],
-    )
-    op.drop_column("agent_debug_conversations", "draft_type")
+    ):
+        op.create_unique_constraint(
+            "agent_debug_conversation_agent_account_unique",
+            "agent_debug_conversations",
+            ["tenant_id", "agent_id", "account_id"],
+        )
+    if _has_column("agent_debug_conversations", "draft_type"):
+        op.drop_column("agent_debug_conversations", "draft_type")

api/migrations/versions/2026_07_23_1500-e9f4a1b2c3d5_merge_skill_and_agent_debug_heads.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"""merge skill and agent debug conversation heads
+
+Revision ID: e9f4a1b2c3d5
+Revises: a4f8d2c9e1b0, d2825e7b9c10
+Create Date: 2026-07-23 15:00:00.000000
+
+"""
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision = "e9f4a1b2c3d5"
+down_revision = ("a4f8d2c9e1b0", "d2825e7b9c10")
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade():
+    pass
+
+
+def downgrade():
+    pass

api/models/__init__.py

@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ from .provider import (
     TenantDefaultModel,
     TenantPreferredModelProvider,
 )
+from .skill import AgentSkillBinding, Skill, SkillDraftFile, SkillFileKind, SkillFileStorage, SkillVersion
 from .snippet import CustomizedSnippet, SnippetType
 from .source import DataSourceApiKeyAuthBinding, DataSourceOauthBinding
 from .task import CeleryTask, CeleryTaskSet
@@ -173,6 +174,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "AgentRuntimeSessionOwnerType",
     "AgentRuntimeSessionStatus",
     "AgentScope",
+    "AgentSkillBinding",
     "AgentSource",
     "AgentStatus",
     "ApiRequest",
@@ -246,6 +248,11 @@ __all__ = [
     "RecommendedApp",
     "SavedMessage",
     "Site",
+    "Skill",
+    "SkillDraftFile",
+    "SkillFileKind",
+    "SkillFileStorage",
+    "SkillVersion",
     "SnippetType",
     "Tag",
     "TagBinding",

api/models/enums.py

@@ -249,6 +249,7 @@ class TagType(StrEnum):
     KNOWLEDGE = "knowledge"
     APP = "app"
     SNIPPET = "snippet"
+    SKILL = "skill"
 
 
 class DatasetMetadataType(StrEnum):

api/models/model.py

@@ -1117,14 +1117,14 @@ class ExporleBanner(TypeBase):
     status: Mapped[BannerStatus] = mapped_column(
         EnumText(BannerStatus, length=255),
         nullable=False,
-        server_default=sa.text("'enabled'::character varying"),
+        server_default=sa.text("'enabled'"),
         default=BannerStatus.ENABLED,
     )
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
         sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp(), init=False
     )
     language: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
-        String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'en-US'::character varying"), default="en-US"
+        String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'en-US'"), default="en-US"
     )
 
 
@@ -2667,7 +2667,7 @@ class Tag(TypeBase):
         sa.Index("tag_name_idx", "name"),
     )
 
-    TAG_TYPE_LIST = ["knowledge", "app", "snippet"]
+    TAG_TYPE_LIST = ["knowledge", "app", "snippet", "skill"]
 
     id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
         StringUUID, insert_default=lambda: str(uuid4()), default_factory=lambda: str(uuid4()), init=False

api/models/skill.py

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+"""Workspace-level Skill Management models.
+
+These tables are the source of truth for reusable workspace Skills. Agent Soul
+``config_skills`` and Agent Drive skill rows remain per-agent runtime/config
+assets; they may consume a published Skill snapshot but do not own the Skill's
+draft, metadata, version history, or Agent binding priority.
+"""
+
+from enum import StrEnum
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+from sqlalchemy import Index, UniqueConstraint
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from models.base import Base, DefaultFieldsMixin
+from models.types import EnumText, JSONModelColumn, LongText, StringUUID
+
+
+class SkillFileKind(StrEnum):
+    """Draft file entry kind."""
+
+    FILE = "file"
+    DIRECTORY = "directory"
+
+
+class SkillFileStorage(StrEnum):
+    """How a draft file's content is stored."""
+
+    TEXT = "text"
+    TOOL_FILE = "tool_file"
+
+
+class SkillVersionManifestFile(BaseModel):
+    """One file entry captured in a published Skill snapshot manifest."""
+
+    path: str
+    mime_type: str | None = None
+    size: int
+    hash: str
+
+    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="forbid")
+
+
+class SkillVersionManifest(BaseModel):
+    """Published Skill snapshot file index."""
+
+    files: list[SkillVersionManifestFile]
+
+    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="forbid")
+
+
+class Skill(DefaultFieldsMixin, Base):
+    """Workspace-level reusable Skill metadata and draft status."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "skills"
+    __table_args__ = (
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="skill_pkey"),
+        UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "name", name="skill_tenant_name_unique"),
+        Index("skills_tenant_updated_at_idx", "tenant_id", "updated_at"),
+    )
+
+    tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.String(64), nullable=False)
+    display_name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.String(128), nullable=False)
+    icon: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.String(16), nullable=False, default="📄", server_default="📄")
+    description: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.String(1024), nullable=False, default="", server_default="")
+    name_manually_edited: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(
+        sa.Boolean,
+        nullable=False,
+        default=False,
+        server_default=sa.false(),
+    )
+    visibility: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
+        sa.String(32),
+        nullable=False,
+        default="workspace",
+        server_default="workspace",
+    )
+    latest_published_version_id: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
+    created_by: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
+    updated_by: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
+
+
+class SkillDraftFile(DefaultFieldsMixin, Base):
+    """One draft file or directory in a workspace Skill."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "skill_draft_files"
+    __table_args__ = (
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="skill_draft_file_pkey"),
+        UniqueConstraint("skill_id", "path", name="skill_draft_file_skill_path_unique"),
+        Index("skill_draft_files_skill_path_idx", "skill_id", "path"),
+    )
+
+    skill_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
+    path: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.String(512), nullable=False)
+    kind: Mapped[SkillFileKind] = mapped_column(EnumText(SkillFileKind, length=32), nullable=False)
+    storage: Mapped[SkillFileStorage | None] = mapped_column(EnumText(SkillFileStorage, length=32), nullable=True)
+    mime_type: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(sa.String(255), nullable=True)
+    content_text: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(LongText, nullable=True)
+    tool_file_id: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
+    size: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(sa.BigInteger, nullable=True)
+    hash: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(sa.String(255), nullable=True)
+
+
+class SkillVersion(DefaultFieldsMixin, Base):
+    """Immutable published Skill snapshot.
+
+    ``hash_code`` uniquely identifies a published version for downstream
+    execution audit. It includes Skill identity, version number, and archive
+    content digest instead of being only the archive content hash.
+    """
+
+    __tablename__ = "skill_versions"
+    __table_args__ = (
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="skill_version_pkey"),
+        UniqueConstraint("skill_id", "version_number", name="skill_version_skill_number_unique"),
+        Index("skill_versions_skill_created_at_idx", "skill_id", "created_at"),
+    )
+
+    skill_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
+    version_number: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False)
+    version_name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.String(128), nullable=False, default="", server_default="")
+    publish_note: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.String(1024), nullable=False, default="", server_default="")
+    manifest: Mapped[SkillVersionManifest] = mapped_column(JSONModelColumn(SkillVersionManifest), nullable=False)
+    archive_tool_file_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
+    hash_code: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.String(255), nullable=False)
+    archive_size: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.BigInteger, nullable=False)
+    published_by: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
+
+
+class AgentSkillBinding(DefaultFieldsMixin, Base):
+    """Direct Agent-to-workspace-Skill binding.
+
+    ``priority`` is retained as an internal ordering column for the current
+    schema constraints. Runtime Skill selection is Agent-driven and must not
+    treat it as a matching priority.
+    """
+
+    __tablename__ = "agent_skill_bindings"
+    __table_args__ = (
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="agent_skill_binding_pkey"),
+        UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "agent_id", "skill_id", name="agent_skill_binding_unique"),
+        UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "agent_id", "priority", name="agent_skill_binding_priority_unique"),
+        Index("agent_skill_bindings_skill_idx", "tenant_id", "skill_id"),
+    )
+
+    tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
+    agent_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
+    skill_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
+    priority: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False)
+    created_by: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AgentSkillBinding",
+    "Skill",
+    "SkillDraftFile",
+    "SkillFileKind",
+    "SkillFileStorage",
+    "SkillVersion",
+    "SkillVersionManifest",
+    "SkillVersionManifestFile",
+]

api/openapi/markdown/console-openapi.md

@@ -1672,6 +1672,23 @@ Create a new application
 | 200 | Import confirmed | **application/json**: [Import](#import)<br> |
 | 400 | Import failed | **application/json**: [Import](#import)<br> |
 
+### [GET] /apps/recent
+**Return the lightweight app cards needed by the Explore home page**
+
+Get recently modified apps for the home Continue Work section
+
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| limit | query | Number of recently modified apps to return (1-8) | No | integer, <br>**Default:** 8 |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Success | **application/json**: [RecentAppListResponse](#recentapplistresponse)<br> |
+
 ### [GET] /apps/starred
 Get applications starred by the current account
 
@@ -9534,7 +9551,7 @@ Remove one or more tag bindings from a target.
 | Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
 | ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
 | keyword | query | Search keyword | No | string |
-| type | query | Tag type filter | No | string, <br>**Available values:** "", "app", "knowledge", "snippet" |
+| type | query | Tag type filter | No | string |
 
 #### Responses
 
@@ -10070,6 +10087,38 @@ Get list of available agent providers
 | ---- | ----------- | ------ |
 | 200 | Success | **application/json**: [AgentProviderListResponse](#agentproviderlistresponse)<br> |
 
+### [GET] /workspaces/current/agents/{agent_id}/skills
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| agent_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Agent Skill bindings | **application/json**: [AgentSkillBindingsResponse](#agentskillbindingsresponse)<br> |
+
+### [PUT] /workspaces/current/agents/{agent_id}/skills
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| agent_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Request Body
+
+| Required | Schema |
+| -------- | ------ |
+|  Yes | **application/json**: [AgentSkillBindingsPayload](#agentskillbindingspayload)<br> |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Agent Skill bindings replaced | **application/json**: [AgentSkillBindingsResponse](#agentskillbindingsresponse)<br> |
+
 ### [GET] /workspaces/current/customized-snippets
 **List customized snippets with pagination and search**
 
@@ -10567,13 +10616,6 @@ Update a plugin endpoint
 | ---- | ----------- | ------ |
 | 200 | Model providers retrieved successfully | **application/json**: [ModelProviderListResponse](#modelproviderlistresponse)<br> |
 
-### [GET] /workspaces/current/model-providers/summary
-#### Responses
-
-| Code | Description | Schema |
-| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
-| 200 | Model provider summaries retrieved successfully | **application/json**: [ModelProviderSummaryListResponse](#modelprovidersummarylistresponse)<br> |
-
 ### [GET] /workspaces/current/model-providers/{provider}/checkout-url
 #### Parameters
 
@@ -11119,19 +11161,6 @@ Returns permission flags that control workspace features like member invitations
 | ---- | ----------- | ------ |
 | 200 | Success | **application/json**: [PluginInstallTaskStartResponse](#plugininstalltaskstartresponse)<br> |
 
-### [GET] /workspaces/current/plugin/installed-ids
-#### Parameters
-
-| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
-| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
-| category | query | Plugin category to include | Yes | string, <br>**Available values:** "agent-strategy", "datasource", "extension", "model", "tool", "trigger" |
-
-#### Responses
-
-| Code | Description | Schema |
-| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
-| 200 | Success | **application/json**: [PluginInstalledIdsResponse](#plugininstalledidsresponse)<br> |
-
 ### [GET] /workspaces/current/plugin/list
 #### Parameters
 
@@ -11390,11 +11419,8 @@ Returns permission flags that control workspace features like member invitations
 
 | Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
 | ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
-| language | query | Language used for localized label and description search | No | string, <br>**Available values:** "en_US", "ja_JP", "pt_BR", "zh_Hans", <br>**Default:** en_US |
 | page | query | Page number | No | integer, <br>**Default:** 1 |
 | page_size | query | Page size (1-256) | No | integer, <br>**Default:** 256 |
-| query | query | Case-insensitive search query | No | string |
-| tags | query | Match any plugin tag | No | [ string ] |
 | category | path |  | Yes | string |
 
 #### Responses
@@ -11994,6 +12020,341 @@ Returns permission flags that control workspace features like member invitations
 | ---- | ----------- | ------ |
 | 200 | Success | **application/json**: [WorkspaceAccessMatrix](#workspaceaccessmatrix)<br> |
 
+### [GET] /workspaces/current/skills
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| keyword | query | Search keyword matching skill name or description. | No | string |
+| limit | query | Number of items per page. | No | integer, <br>**Default:** 20 |
+| page | query | Page number. | No | integer, <br>**Default:** 1 |
+| tag | query | Skill tag filters. Repeat the parameter for multiple tags. | No | [ string ] |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Workspace skills | **application/json**: [SkillListResponse](#skilllistresponse)<br> |
+
+### [POST] /workspaces/current/skills
+#### Request Body
+
+| Required | Schema |
+| -------- | ------ |
+|  Yes | **application/json**: [SkillCreatePayload](#skillcreatepayload)<br> |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 201 | Skill created | **application/json**: [SkillDetailResponse](#skilldetailresponse)<br> |
+
+### [POST] /workspaces/current/skills/files/upload
+#### Request Body
+
+| Required | Schema |
+| -------- | ------ |
+|  Yes | **multipart/form-data**: { **"file"**: binary }<br> |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 201 | Skill draft file uploaded | **application/json**: [SkillFileUploadResponse](#skillfileuploadresponse)<br> |
+
+### [POST] /workspaces/current/skills/import
+Import a Skill zip package from multipart form field `file`.
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 201 | Skill imported | **application/json**: [SkillDetailResponse](#skilldetailresponse)<br> |
+
+### [GET] /workspaces/current/skills/tags
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Workspace Skill tags | **application/json**: [SkillTagListResponse](#skilltaglistresponse)<br> |
+
+### [DELETE] /workspaces/current/skills/{skill_id}
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| skill_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Request Body
+
+| Required | Schema |
+| -------- | ------ |
+|  Yes | **application/json**: [SkillDeletePayload](#skilldeletepayload)<br> |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Skill deleted | **application/json**: [SkillDeleteResponse](#skilldeleteresponse)<br> |
+
+### [GET] /workspaces/current/skills/{skill_id}
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| skill_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Skill detail | **application/json**: [SkillDetailResponse](#skilldetailresponse)<br> |
+
+### [PATCH] /workspaces/current/skills/{skill_id}
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| skill_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Request Body
+
+| Required | Schema |
+| -------- | ------ |
+|  Yes | **application/json**: [SkillMetadataPayload](#skillmetadatapayload)<br> |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Skill updated | **application/json**: [SkillResponse](#skillresponse)<br> |
+
+### [POST] /workspaces/current/skills/{skill_id}/assist/messages
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| skill_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Request Body
+
+| Required | Schema |
+| -------- | ------ |
+|  Yes | **application/json**: [SkillAssistMessagePayload](#skillassistmessagepayload)<br> |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description |
+| ---- | ----------- |
+| 200 | Skill Authoring assistant event stream |
+
+### [POST] /workspaces/current/skills/{skill_id}/duplicate
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| skill_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 201 | Skill duplicated | **application/json**: [SkillDetailResponse](#skilldetailresponse)<br> |
+
+### [GET] /workspaces/current/skills/{skill_id}/export
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| skill_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description |
+| ---- | ----------- |
+| 200 | Published Skill zip archive |
+
+### [PATCH] /workspaces/current/skills/{skill_id}/files
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| skill_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Request Body
+
+| Required | Schema |
+| -------- | ------ |
+|  Yes | **application/json**: [SkillDraftFileOperationPayload](#skilldraftfileoperationpayload)<br> |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Draft file operation applied | **application/json**: [SkillDetailResponse](#skilldetailresponse)<br> |
+
+### [PUT] /workspaces/current/skills/{skill_id}/files
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| skill_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Request Body
+
+| Required | Schema |
+| -------- | ------ |
+|  Yes | **application/json**: [SkillDraftTreePayload](#skilldrafttreepayload)<br> |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Draft files replaced | **application/json**: [SkillDetailResponse](#skilldetailresponse)<br> |
+
+### [GET] /workspaces/current/skills/{skill_id}/files/content
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| download | query | Return as an attachment when 1. | No | string |
+| path | query | Skill file path relative to the Skill root. | Yes | string |
+| version_id | query | Optional published version ID. Omit for current draft. | No | string |
+| skill_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Skill file content | **application/json**: [BinaryFileResponse](#binaryfileresponse)<br> |
+
+### [GET] /workspaces/current/skills/{skill_id}/files/preview
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| path | query | Skill file path relative to the Skill root. | Yes | string |
+| version_id | query | Optional published version ID. Omit for current draft. | No | string |
+| skill_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Skill file text preview | **application/json**: [SkillFilePreviewResponse](#skillfilepreviewresponse)<br> |
+
+### [POST] /workspaces/current/skills/{skill_id}/publish
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| skill_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Request Body
+
+| Required | Schema |
+| -------- | ------ |
+|  Yes | **application/json**: [SkillPublishPayload](#skillpublishpayload)<br> |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Skill published | **application/json**: [SkillVersionResponse](#skillversionresponse)<br> |
+
+### [GET] /workspaces/current/skills/{skill_id}/references
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| skill_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Skill references | **application/json**: [SkillReferenceListResponse](#skillreferencelistresponse)<br> |
+
+### [POST] /workspaces/current/skills/{skill_id}/restore
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| skill_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Request Body
+
+| Required | Schema |
+| -------- | ------ |
+|  Yes | **application/json**: [SkillRestorePayload](#skillrestorepayload)<br> |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Skill version restored | **application/json**: [SkillVersionResponse](#skillversionresponse)<br> |
+
+### [GET] /workspaces/current/skills/{skill_id}/versions
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| skill_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Skill versions | **application/json**: [SkillVersionListResponse](#skillversionlistresponse)<br> |
+
+### [DELETE] /workspaces/current/skills/{skill_id}/versions/{version_id}
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| skill_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+| version_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Skill version deleted | **application/json**: [SkillVersionDeleteResponse](#skillversiondeleteresponse)<br> |
+
+### [GET] /workspaces/current/skills/{skill_id}/versions/{version_id}
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| skill_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+| version_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Skill version detail | **application/json**: [SkillVersionDetailResponse](#skillversiondetailresponse)<br> |
+
+### [PATCH] /workspaces/current/skills/{skill_id}/versions/{version_id}
+#### Parameters
+
+| Name | Located in | Description | Required | Schema |
+| ---- | ---------- | ----------- | -------- | ------ |
+| skill_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+| version_id | path |  | Yes | string |
+
+#### Request Body
+
+| Required | Schema |
+| -------- | ------ |
+|  Yes | **application/json**: [SkillVersionUpdatePayload](#skillversionupdatepayload)<br> |
+
+#### Responses
+
+| Code | Description | Schema |
+| ---- | ----------- | ------ |
+| 200 | Skill version updated | **application/json**: [SkillVersionResponse](#skillversionresponse)<br> |
+
 ### [GET] /workspaces/current/tool-labels
 #### Responses
 
@@ -14715,6 +15076,37 @@ Visibility and lifecycle scope of an Agent record.
 | ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
 | result | string |  | Yes |
 
+#### AgentSkillBindingItemResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| description | string |  | Yes |
+| display_name | string |  | Yes |
+| file_count | integer |  | Yes |
+| icon | string |  | Yes |
+| id | string |  | Yes |
+| latest_published_at | integer |  | No |
+| latest_published_version_id | string |  | No |
+| name | string |  | Yes |
+| priority | integer |  | Yes |
+| status | string |  | Yes |
+| tags | [ string ] |  | No |
+| updated_at | integer |  | Yes |
+
+#### AgentSkillBindingsPayload
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| skill_ids | [ string ] | Ordered Skill IDs bound to the Agent. | No |
+
+#### AgentSkillBindingsResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| agent_id | string |  | Yes |
+| data | [ [AgentSkillBindingItemResponse](#agentskillbindingitemresponse) ] |  | No |
+| skill_ids | [ string ] |  | No |
+
 #### AgentSkillRefConfig
 
 | Name | Type | Description | Required |
@@ -19330,16 +19722,6 @@ Enum class for model property key.
 | ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
 | ModelPropertyKey | string | Enum class for model property key. |  |
 
-#### ModelProviderCustomConfigurationSummaryResponse
-
-| Name | Type | Description | Required |
-| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
-| available_credentials | [ [CredentialConfiguration](#credentialconfiguration) ] |  | Yes |
-| current_credential_id | string |  | No |
-| current_credential_name | string |  | No |
-| current_credential_usable | boolean |  | Yes |
-| status | [CustomConfigurationStatus](#customconfigurationstatus) |  | Yes |
-
 #### ModelProviderListResponse
 
 | Name | Type | Description | Required |
@@ -19352,49 +19734,6 @@ Enum class for model property key.
 | ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
 | payment_link | string |  | Yes |
 
-#### ModelProviderPluginSummaryResponse
-
-| Name | Type | Description | Required |
-| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
-| installation_id | string |  | Yes |
-| plugin_id | string |  | Yes |
-| plugin_unique_identifier | string |  | Yes |
-| runtime_type | string |  | Yes |
-| source | [PluginInstallationSource](#plugininstallationsource) |  | Yes |
-| version | string |  | Yes |
-
-#### ModelProviderSummaryListResponse
-
-| Name | Type | Description | Required |
-| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
-| data | [ [ModelProviderSummaryResponse](#modelprovidersummaryresponse) ] |  | Yes |
-| plugins | object |  | Yes |
-
-#### ModelProviderSummaryResponse
-
-Fields required to render the collapsed model-provider list.
-
-| Name | Type | Description | Required |
-| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
-| configurate_methods | [ [ConfigurateMethod](#configuratemethod) ] |  | Yes |
-| custom_configuration | [ModelProviderCustomConfigurationSummaryResponse](#modelprovidercustomconfigurationsummaryresponse) |  | Yes |
-| description | [I18nObject](#i18nobject) |  | No |
-| icon_small | [I18nObject](#i18nobject) |  | No |
-| icon_small_dark | [I18nObject](#i18nobject) |  | No |
-| is_configured | boolean |  | Yes |
-| label | [I18nObject](#i18nobject) |  | Yes |
-| plugin_id | string |  | Yes |
-| preferred_provider_type | [ProviderType](#providertype) |  | Yes |
-| provider | string |  | Yes |
-| supported_model_types | [ [ModelType](#modeltype) ] |  | Yes |
-| system_configuration | [ModelProviderSystemConfigurationSummaryResponse](#modelprovidersystemconfigurationsummaryresponse) |  | Yes |
-
-#### ModelProviderSystemConfigurationSummaryResponse
-
-| Name | Type | Description | Required |
-| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
-| enabled | boolean |  | Yes |
-
 #### ModelSelectorScope
 
 | Name | Type | Description | Required |
@@ -20383,11 +20722,8 @@ Shared permission levels for resources (datasets, credentials, etc.)
 
 | Name | Type | Description | Required |
 | ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
-| language | string, <br>**Available values:** "en_US", "ja_JP", "pt_BR", "zh_Hans", <br>**Default:** en_US | Language used for localized label and description search<br>*Enum:* `"en_US"`, `"ja_JP"`, `"pt_BR"`, `"zh_Hans"` | No |
 | page | integer, <br>**Default:** 1 | Page number | No |
 | page_size | integer, <br>**Default:** 256 | Page size (1-256) | No |
-| query | string | Case-insensitive search query | No |
-| tags | [ string ] | Match any plugin tag | No |
 
 #### PluginCategoryListResponse
 
@@ -20588,18 +20924,6 @@ Shared permission levels for resources (datasets, credentials, etc.)
 | ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
 | plugins | [ [PluginInstallationItemResponse](#plugininstallationitemresponse) ] |  | Yes |
 
-#### PluginInstalledIdsQuery
-
-| Name | Type | Description | Required |
-| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
-| category | [PluginCategory](#plugincategory) | Plugin category to include | Yes |
-
-#### PluginInstalledIdsResponse
-
-| Name | Type | Description | Required |
-| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
-| plugin_ids | [ string ] |  | Yes |
-
 #### PluginListResponse
 
 | Name | Type | Description | Required |
@@ -21109,6 +21433,28 @@ Whitelist scopes accepted by RBAC app and dataset access config APIs.
 | result | string |  | Yes |
 | updated_at | integer |  | Yes |
 
+#### RecentAppListResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| data | [ [RecentAppResponse](#recentappresponse) ] |  | Yes |
+
+#### RecentAppResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| author_name | string |  | No |
+| icon | string |  | No |
+| icon_background | string |  | No |
+| icon_type | [IconType](#icontype) |  | No |
+| icon_url | string |  | Yes |
+| id | string |  | Yes |
+| maintainer | string |  | No |
+| mode | string, <br>**Available values:** "advanced-chat", "agent-chat", "chat", "completion", "workflow" | *Enum:* `"advanced-chat"`, `"agent-chat"`, `"chat"`, `"completion"`, `"workflow"` | Yes |
+| name | string |  | Yes |
+| permission_keys | [ string ] |  | No |
+| updated_at | integer |  | Yes |
+
 #### RecommendedAppDetailNullableResponse
 
 | Name | Type | Description | Required |
@@ -21717,6 +22063,186 @@ Simple provider entity response.
 | title | string |  | Yes |
 | use_icon_as_answer_icon | boolean |  | Yes |
 
+#### SkillAssistAttachmentPayload
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| mime_type | string |  | No |
+| name | string |  | Yes |
+| size | integer |  | No |
+| tool_file_id | string |  | Yes |
+
+#### SkillAssistMessagePayload
+
+One user message and optional uploaded context for the read-only Skill Authoring assistant.
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| attachments | [ [SkillAssistAttachmentPayload](#skillassistattachmentpayload) ] |  | No |
+| message | string |  | Yes |
+| model | [SkillAssistModelPayload](#skillassistmodelpayload) |  | No |
+
+#### SkillAssistModelPayload
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| model | string |  | Yes |
+| model_settings | object |  | No |
+| plugin_id | string |  | No |
+| provider | string |  | Yes |
+
+#### SkillCreatePayload
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| description | string |  | No |
+| display_name | string |  | No |
+| icon | string, <br>**Default:** 📄 |  | No |
+| name | string |  | No |
+| tags | [ string ] |  | No |
+
+#### SkillDeletePayload
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| confirmation_name | string | Required when deleting a referenced Skill. Must match the Skill name. | No |
+
+#### SkillDeleteResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| deleted | boolean |  | Yes |
+| id | string |  | Yes |
+
+#### SkillDetailResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| created_at | integer |  | Yes |
+| created_by | string |  | No |
+| created_by_name | string |  | No |
+| description | string |  | Yes |
+| display_name | string |  | Yes |
+| files | [ [SkillFileResponse](#skillfileresponse) ] |  | No |
+| icon | string |  | Yes |
+| id | string |  | Yes |
+| latest_published_version_id | string |  | No |
+| name | string |  | Yes |
+| name_manually_edited | boolean |  | No |
+| reference_count | integer |  | No |
+| tags | [ string ] |  | No |
+| updated_at | integer |  | Yes |
+| updated_by | string |  | No |
+| updated_by_name | string |  | No |
+| visibility | string |  | Yes |
+
+#### SkillDraftFileOperation
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| SkillDraftFileOperation | string |  |  |
+
+#### SkillDraftFileOperationPayload
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| content | string |  | No |
+| expected_updated_at | integer |  | No |
+| hash | string |  | No |
+| mime_type | string |  | No |
+| operation | [SkillDraftFileOperation](#skilldraftfileoperation) |  | Yes |
+| path | string |  | Yes |
+| size | integer |  | No |
+| target_path | string |  | No |
+| tool_file_id | string |  | No |
+
+#### SkillDraftTreeItemPayload
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| content | string |  | No |
+| hash | string |  | No |
+| kind | [SkillFileKind](#skillfilekind) |  | No |
+| mime_type | string |  | No |
+| path | string |  | Yes |
+| size | integer |  | No |
+| storage | [SkillFileStorage](#skillfilestorage) |  | No |
+| tool_file_id | string |  | No |
+
+#### SkillDraftTreePayload
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| expected_updated_at | integer |  | No |
+| files | [ [SkillDraftTreeItemPayload](#skilldrafttreeitempayload) ] |  | No |
+
+#### SkillFileKind
+
+Draft file entry kind.
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| SkillFileKind | string | Draft file entry kind. |  |
+
+#### SkillFilePreviewResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| content | string |  | Yes |
+| hash | string |  | Yes |
+| mime_type | string |  | Yes |
+| path | string |  | Yes |
+| size | integer |  | Yes |
+
+#### SkillFileQuery
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| path | string | Skill file path relative to the Skill root. | Yes |
+| version_id | string | Optional published version ID. Omit for current draft. | No |
+
+#### SkillFileResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| content | string |  | No |
+| hash | string |  | No |
+| id | string |  | No |
+| kind | string |  | Yes |
+| mime_type | string |  | No |
+| path | string |  | Yes |
+| size | integer |  | No |
+| storage | string |  | No |
+| tool_file_id | string |  | No |
+
+#### SkillFileStorage
+
+How a draft file's content is stored.
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| SkillFileStorage | string | How a draft file's content is stored. |  |
+
+#### SkillFileUploadResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| hash | string |  | Yes |
+| id | string |  | Yes |
+| mime_type | string |  | Yes |
+| name | string |  | Yes |
+| size | integer |  | Yes |
+
+#### SkillListResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| data | [ [SkillResponse](#skillresponse) ] |  | No |
+| has_more | boolean |  | No |
+| limit | integer, <br>**Default:** 20 |  | No |
+| page | integer, <br>**Default:** 1 |  | No |
+| total | integer |  | No |
+
 #### SkillManifest
 
 Validated metadata extracted from a Skill package.
@@ -21730,6 +22256,91 @@ Validated metadata extracted from a Skill package.
 | name | string |  | Yes |
 | size | integer |  | Yes |
 
+#### SkillMetadataPayload
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| display_name | string |  | No |
+| expected_updated_at | integer |  | No |
+| icon | string |  | No |
+| tags | [ string ] |  | No |
+
+#### SkillPublishPayload
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| publish_note | string |  | No |
+| version_name | string |  | No |
+
+#### SkillReferenceListResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| data | [ [SkillReferenceResponse](#skillreferenceresponse) ] |  | No |
+
+#### SkillReferenceResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| agent_icon | string |  | No |
+| agent_icon_background | string |  | No |
+| agent_icon_type | string |  | No |
+| agent_id | string |  | Yes |
+| app_id | string |  | No |
+| display_name | string |  | Yes |
+| name | string |  | Yes |
+| node_id | string |  | No |
+| node_name | string |  | No |
+| type | string |  | Yes |
+| workflow_icon | string |  | No |
+| workflow_icon_background | string |  | No |
+| workflow_icon_type | string |  | No |
+| workflow_id | string |  | No |
+| workflow_name | string |  | No |
+| workflow_version | string |  | No |
+
+#### SkillResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| created_at | integer |  | Yes |
+| created_by | string |  | No |
+| created_by_name | string |  | No |
+| description | string |  | Yes |
+| display_name | string |  | Yes |
+| icon | string |  | Yes |
+| id | string |  | Yes |
+| latest_published_version_id | string |  | No |
+| name | string |  | Yes |
+| name_manually_edited | boolean |  | No |
+| reference_count | integer |  | No |
+| tags | [ string ] |  | No |
+| updated_at | integer |  | Yes |
+| updated_by | string |  | No |
+| updated_by_name | string |  | No |
+| visibility | string |  | Yes |
+
+#### SkillRestorePayload
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| publish_note | string |  | No |
+| version_id | string |  | Yes |
+| version_name | string |  | No |
+
+#### SkillTagListResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| data | [ [SkillTagResponse](#skilltagresponse) ] |  | No |
+
+#### SkillTagResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| count | integer |  | Yes |
+| tag | string |  | Yes |
+
 #### SkillToolInferenceResult
 
 | Name | Type | Description | Required |
@@ -21738,6 +22349,60 @@ Validated metadata extracted from a Skill package.
 | inferable | boolean |  | Yes |
 | reason | string |  | No |
 
+#### SkillVersionDeleteResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| deleted | boolean |  | Yes |
+| id | string |  | Yes |
+| latest_published_version_id | string |  | No |
+
+#### SkillVersionDetailResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| archive_size | integer |  | Yes |
+| created_at | integer |  | Yes |
+| files | [ [SkillFileResponse](#skillfileresponse) ] |  | No |
+| hash_code | string |  | Yes |
+| id | string |  | Yes |
+| is_latest | boolean |  | No |
+| publish_note | string |  | Yes |
+| published_by | string |  | No |
+| published_by_name | string |  | No |
+| skill_id | string |  | Yes |
+| version_name | string |  | Yes |
+| version_number | integer |  | Yes |
+
+#### SkillVersionListResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| data | [ [SkillVersionResponse](#skillversionresponse) ] |  | No |
+
+#### SkillVersionResponse
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| archive_size | integer |  | Yes |
+| created_at | integer |  | Yes |
+| hash_code | string |  | Yes |
+| id | string |  | Yes |
+| is_latest | boolean |  | No |
+| publish_note | string |  | Yes |
+| published_by | string |  | No |
+| published_by_name | string |  | No |
+| skill_id | string |  | Yes |
+| version_name | string |  | Yes |
+| version_number | integer |  | Yes |
+
+#### SkillVersionUpdatePayload
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| publish_note | string |  | No |
+| version_name | string |  | No |
+
 #### SnippetDependencyCheckResponse
 
 | Name | Type | Description | Required |
@@ -22205,7 +22870,7 @@ Non-sensitive bootstrap snapshot exposed before Console or Web authentication.
 | Name | Type | Description | Required |
 | ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
 | keyword | string | Search keyword | No |
-| type | string, <br>**Available values:** "", "app", "knowledge", "snippet" | Tag type filter<br>*Enum:* `""`, `"app"`, `"knowledge"`, `"snippet"` | No |
+| type | [TagType](#tagtype)<br>string | Tag type filter | No |
 
 #### TagListResponse
 
@@ -24391,6 +25056,15 @@ Workflow tool configuration
 | ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
 | permission_keys | [ string ] |  | No |
 
+#### WorkspaceSkillsQuery
+
+| Name | Type | Description | Required |
+| ---- | ---- | ----------- | -------- |
+| keyword | string | Search keyword matching skill name or description. | No |
+| limit | integer, <br>**Default:** 20 | Number of items per page. | No |
+| page | integer, <br>**Default:** 1 | Page number. | No |
+| tag | [ string ] | Skill tag filters. Repeat the parameter for multiple tags. | No |
+
 #### WorkspaceTenantResultResponse
 
 | Name | Type | Description | Required |

api/providers/trace/trace-aliyun/tests/unit_tests/aliyun_trace/test_aliyun_trace_utils.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+"""Unit tests for Aliyun trace utility transformations and database lookups."""
+
 import json
 from collections.abc import Mapping
 from typing import Any, cast
@@ -25,11 +27,13 @@ from dify_trace_aliyun.utils import (
     serialize_json_data,
 )
 from opentelemetry.trace import Link, StatusCode
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from core.rag.models.document import Document
 from graphon.entities import WorkflowNodeExecution
 from graphon.enums import WorkflowNodeExecutionStatus
 from models import EndUser
+from models.enums import EndUserType
 
 
 def test_get_user_id_from_message_data_no_end_user(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
@@ -40,35 +44,40 @@ def test_get_user_id_from_message_data_no_end_user(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPat
     assert get_user_id_from_message_data(message_data) == "account_id"
 
 
-def test_get_user_id_from_message_data_with_end_user(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite3_session", [(EndUser,)], indirect=True)
+def test_get_user_id_from_message_data_with_end_user(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, sqlite3_session: Session) -> None:
     message_data = MagicMock()
     message_data.from_account_id = "account_id"
     message_data.from_end_user_id = "end_user_id"
 
-    end_user_data = MagicMock(spec=EndUser)
-    end_user_data.session_id = "session_id"
-
-    mock_session = MagicMock()
-    mock_session.get.return_value = end_user_data
+    end_user_data = EndUser(
+        id="end_user_id",
+        tenant_id="tenant_id",
+        app_id="app_id",
+        type=EndUserType.BROWSER,
+        session_id="session_id",
+    )
+    sqlite3_session.add(end_user_data)
+    sqlite3_session.commit()
 
     from dify_trace_aliyun.utils import db
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr(db, "session", mock_session)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(db, "session", sqlite3_session)
 
     assert get_user_id_from_message_data(message_data) == "session_id"
 
 
-def test_get_user_id_from_message_data_end_user_not_found(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite3_session", [(EndUser,)], indirect=True)
+def test_get_user_id_from_message_data_end_user_not_found(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, sqlite3_session: Session
+) -> None:
     message_data = MagicMock()
     message_data.from_account_id = "account_id"
     message_data.from_end_user_id = "end_user_id"
 
-    mock_session = MagicMock()
-    mock_session.get.return_value = None
-
     from dify_trace_aliyun.utils import db
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr(db, "session", mock_session)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(db, "session", sqlite3_session)
 
     assert get_user_id_from_message_data(message_data) == "account_id"
 

api/providers/trace/trace-langsmith/tests/unit_tests/langsmith_trace/test_langsmith_trace.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+"""Unit tests for LangSmith trace translation with SQLite-backed lookups."""
+
 import collections
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from types import SimpleNamespace
 from typing import override
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock
 
@@ -11,6 +14,7 @@ from dify_trace_langsmith.entities.langsmith_trace_entity import (
     LangSmithRunUpdateModel,
 )
 from dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace import LangSmithDataTrace
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from core.ops.entities.trace_entity import (
     DatasetRetrievalTraceInfo,
@@ -24,6 +28,7 @@ from core.ops.entities.trace_entity import (
 )
 from graphon.enums import BuiltinNodeTypes, WorkflowNodeExecutionMetadataKey
 from models import EndUser
+from models.enums import EndUserType
 
 
 def _dt() -> datetime:
@@ -108,7 +113,8 @@ def test_trace_dispatch(trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
     mocks["generate_name_trace"].assert_called_once_with(info)
 
 
-def test_workflow_trace(trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite3_session", [()], indirect=True)
+def test_workflow_trace(trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, sqlite3_session: Session) -> None:
     # Setup trace info
     workflow_data = MagicMock()
     workflow_data.created_at = _dt()
@@ -137,10 +143,10 @@ def test_workflow_trace(trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
         workflow_data=workflow_data,
     )
 
-    # Mock dependencies
-    mock_session = MagicMock()
-    monkeypatch.setattr("dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.sessionmaker", lambda bind: lambda: mock_session)
-    monkeypatch.setattr("dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.db", MagicMock(engine="engine"))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.db",
+        SimpleNamespace(engine=sqlite3_session.get_bind(), session=sqlite3_session),
+    )
 
     # Mock node executions
     node_llm = MagicMock()
@@ -228,7 +234,10 @@ def test_workflow_trace(trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
     assert call_args[4].run_type == LangSmithRunType.retriever
 
 
-def test_workflow_trace_no_start_time(trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite3_session", [()], indirect=True)
+def test_workflow_trace_no_start_time(
+    trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, sqlite3_session: Session
+) -> None:
     workflow_data = MagicMock()
     workflow_data.created_at = _dt()
     workflow_data.finished_at = _dt() + timedelta(seconds=1)
@@ -256,9 +265,10 @@ def test_workflow_trace_no_start_time(trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.Monkey
         workflow_data=workflow_data,
     )
 
-    mock_session = MagicMock()
-    monkeypatch.setattr("dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.sessionmaker", lambda bind: lambda: mock_session)
-    monkeypatch.setattr("dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.db", MagicMock(engine="engine"))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.db",
+        SimpleNamespace(engine=sqlite3_session.get_bind(), session=sqlite3_session),
+    )
     repo = MagicMock()
     repo.get_by_workflow_execution.return_value = []
     mock_factory = MagicMock()
@@ -271,7 +281,10 @@ def test_workflow_trace_no_start_time(trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.Monkey
     assert trace_instance.add_run.called
 
 
-def test_workflow_trace_missing_app_id(trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite3_session", [()], indirect=True)
+def test_workflow_trace_missing_app_id(
+    trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, sqlite3_session: Session
+) -> None:
     trace_info = MagicMock(spec=WorkflowTraceInfo)
     trace_info.trace_id = "trace-1"
     trace_info.message_id = None
@@ -287,15 +300,17 @@ def test_workflow_trace_missing_app_id(trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.Monke
     trace_info.workflow_run_outputs = {}
     trace_info.error = ""
 
-    mock_session = MagicMock()
-    monkeypatch.setattr("dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.sessionmaker", lambda bind: lambda: mock_session)
-    monkeypatch.setattr("dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.db", MagicMock(engine="engine"))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.db",
+        SimpleNamespace(engine=sqlite3_session.get_bind(), session=sqlite3_session),
+    )
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="No app_id found in trace_info metadata"):
         trace_instance.workflow_trace(trace_info)
 
 
-def test_message_trace(trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite3_session", [(EndUser,)], indirect=True)
+def test_message_trace(trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, sqlite3_session: Session) -> None:
     message_data = MagicMock()
     message_data.id = "msg-1"
     message_data.from_account_id = "acc-1"
@@ -321,10 +336,19 @@ def test_message_trace(trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
         message_file_data=MagicMock(url="file-url"),
     )
 
-    # Mock EndUser lookup
-    mock_end_user = MagicMock(spec=EndUser)
-    mock_end_user.session_id = "session-id-123"
-    monkeypatch.setattr("dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.db.session.get", lambda model, pk: mock_end_user)
+    end_user = EndUser(
+        id="end-user-1",
+        tenant_id="tenant-1",
+        app_id="app-1",
+        type=EndUserType.BROWSER,
+        session_id="session-id-123",
+    )
+    sqlite3_session.add(end_user)
+    sqlite3_session.commit()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.db",
+        SimpleNamespace(engine=sqlite3_session.get_bind(), session=sqlite3_session),
+    )
 
     trace_instance.add_run = MagicMock()
 
@@ -521,9 +545,13 @@ def test_update_run_error(trace_instance):
         trace_instance.update_run(update_data)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite3_session", [()], indirect=True)
 def test_workflow_trace_usage_extraction_error(
-    trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
-):
+    trace_instance,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    sqlite3_session: Session,
+) -> None:
     workflow_data = MagicMock()
     workflow_data.created_at = _dt()
     workflow_data.finished_at = _dt() + timedelta(seconds=1)
@@ -576,8 +604,10 @@ def test_workflow_trace_usage_extraction_error(
     mock_factory = MagicMock()
     mock_factory.create_workflow_node_execution_repository.return_value = repo
     monkeypatch.setattr("dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.DifyCoreRepositoryFactory", mock_factory)
-    monkeypatch.setattr("dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.sessionmaker", lambda bind: lambda: MagicMock())
-    monkeypatch.setattr("dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.db", MagicMock(engine="engine"))
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.db",
+        SimpleNamespace(engine=sqlite3_session.get_bind(), session=sqlite3_session),
+    )
     monkeypatch.setattr(trace_instance, "get_service_account_with_tenant", lambda app_id: MagicMock())
 
     trace_instance.add_run = MagicMock()
@@ -644,9 +674,11 @@ def _make_workflow_trace_info(
     )
 
 
-def _patch_workflow_trace_deps(monkeypatch, trace_instance):
-    monkeypatch.setattr("dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.sessionmaker", lambda bind: lambda: MagicMock())
-    monkeypatch.setattr("dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.db", MagicMock(engine="engine"))
+def _patch_workflow_trace_deps(monkeypatch, trace_instance, sqlite3_session: Session) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "dify_trace_langsmith.langsmith_trace.db",
+        SimpleNamespace(engine=sqlite3_session.get_bind(), session=sqlite3_session),
+    )
     repo = MagicMock()
     repo.get_by_workflow_execution.return_value = []
     factory = MagicMock()
@@ -656,14 +688,17 @@ def _patch_workflow_trace_deps(monkeypatch, trace_instance):
     trace_instance.add_run = MagicMock()
 
 
-def test_workflow_trace_id_uses_message_id_not_external(trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite3_session", [()], indirect=True)
+def test_workflow_trace_id_uses_message_id_not_external(
+    trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, sqlite3_session: Session
+) -> None:
     """Chatflow with external trace_id: LangSmith trace_id must be message_id, not external."""
     trace_info = _make_workflow_trace_info(
         message_id="msg-abc",
         workflow_run_id="run-xyz",
         trace_id="external-999",
     )
-    _patch_workflow_trace_deps(monkeypatch, trace_instance)
+    _patch_workflow_trace_deps(monkeypatch, trace_instance, sqlite3_session)
 
     trace_instance.workflow_trace(trace_info)
 
@@ -677,14 +712,17 @@ def test_workflow_trace_id_uses_message_id_not_external(trace_instance, monkeypa
     assert trace_info.metadata.get("external_trace_id") == "external-999"
 
 
-def test_workflow_trace_id_pure_workflow_uses_run_id(trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite3_session", [()], indirect=True)
+def test_workflow_trace_id_pure_workflow_uses_run_id(
+    trace_instance, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, sqlite3_session: Session
+) -> None:
     """Pure workflow (no message_id) with external trace_id: trace_id must be workflow_run_id."""
     trace_info = _make_workflow_trace_info(
         message_id=None,
         workflow_run_id="run-xyz",
         trace_id="external-999",
     )
-    _patch_workflow_trace_deps(monkeypatch, trace_instance)
+    _patch_workflow_trace_deps(monkeypatch, trace_instance, sqlite3_session)
 
     trace_instance.workflow_trace(trace_info)
 

api/pyproject.toml

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 [project]
 name = "dify-api"
-version = "1.16.0"
+version = "1.16.1"
 requires-python = "~=3.12.0"
 
 dependencies = [
     # Legacy: mature and widely deployed
     "bleach>=6.4.0,<7.0.0",
-    "boto3>=1.43.46,<2.0.0",
+    "boto3>=1.43.56,<2.0.0",
     "celery>=5.6.3,<6.0.0",
     "croniter>=6.2.2,<7.0.0",
     "dify-agent",
@@ -193,10 +193,10 @@ dev = [
 ############################################################
 storage = [
     "azure-storage-blob>=12.30.0,<13.0.0",
-    "bce-python-sdk==0.9.72",
+    "bce-python-sdk==0.9.76",
     "cos-python-sdk-v5>=1.9.44,<2.0.0",
     "esdk-obs-python>=3.26.6,<4.0.0",
-    "google-cloud-storage>=3.12.1,<4.0.0",
+    "google-cloud-storage>=3.13.0,<4.0.0",
     "opendal==0.46.0",
     "oss2>=2.19.1,<3.0.0",
     "supabase>=2.31.0,<3.0.0",

api/services/account_service.py

@@ -1599,7 +1599,9 @@ class TenantService:
         return updated_accounts
 
     @staticmethod
-    def iter_member_account_id_batches(tenant_id: str, batch_size: int, *, session: Session) -> Iterator[list[str]]:
+    def iter_member_account_id_batches(
+        tenant_id: str, batch_size: int, *, session: Session
+    ) -> Iterator[list[str]]:
         """Yield workspace member account ids in bounded, ordered batches."""
         offset = 0
         while True:

api/services/agent/skill_package_service.py

@@ -19,12 +19,11 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import hashlib
 import io
 import posixpath
-import re
 import zipfile
 import zlib
 
 import yaml
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, ValidationError, field_validator
 
 # Bounds — generous but finite so a hostile upload can't exhaust memory/disk.
 _MAX_ARCHIVE_BYTES = 50 * 1024 * 1024
@@ -33,7 +32,8 @@ _MAX_SKILL_MD_BYTES = 1 * 1024 * 1024
 _MAX_ENTRIES = 5000
 _ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS = (".zip", ".skill")
 _SKILL_MD_NAME = "SKILL.md"
-_HEADING_RE = re.compile(r"^\s*#\s+(.+?)\s*$", re.MULTILINE)
+_SKILL_NAME_PATTERN = r"^[a-z0-9]+(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*$"
+_MAX_SKILL_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH = 1024
 
 
 class SkillPackageError(Exception):
@@ -53,13 +53,18 @@ class SkillPackageError(Exception):
 class SkillManifest(BaseModel):
     """Validated metadata extracted from a Skill package."""
 
-    name: str
-    description: str
+    name: str = Field(min_length=1, max_length=64, pattern=_SKILL_NAME_PATTERN)
+    description: str = Field(min_length=1, max_length=_MAX_SKILL_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH)
     entry_path: str  # path of SKILL.md inside the archive
     files: list[str]  # all (safe) file paths inside the archive
     size: int  # total uncompressed bytes
     hash: str  # sha256 of the archive bytes
 
+    @field_validator("name", "description", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_required_string(cls, value: object) -> object:
+        return value.strip() if isinstance(value, str) else value
+
 
 class NormalizedSkillPackage(BaseModel):
     """Canonical skill package bytes and metadata ready to store in agent drive."""
@@ -108,14 +113,17 @@ class SkillPackageService:
             normalized_size = sum(max(info.file_size, 0) for info in normalized_members.values())
 
         name, description = self._parse_skill_md(skill_md)
-        manifest = SkillManifest(
-            name=name,
-            description=description,
-            entry_path=_SKILL_MD_NAME,
-            files=sorted(normalized_members),
-            size=normalized_size,
-            hash=hashlib.sha256(normalized_archive_bytes).hexdigest(),
-        )
+        try:
+            manifest = SkillManifest(
+                name=name,
+                description=description,
+                entry_path=_SKILL_MD_NAME,
+                files=sorted(normalized_members),
+                size=normalized_size,
+                hash=hashlib.sha256(normalized_archive_bytes).hexdigest(),
+            )
+        except ValidationError as exc:
+            raise self._manifest_validation_error(exc) from exc
         return NormalizedSkillPackage(
             manifest=manifest,
             archive_bytes=normalized_archive_bytes,
@@ -123,6 +131,31 @@ class SkillPackageService:
             strip_prefix=strip_prefix,
         )
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _manifest_validation_error(exc: ValidationError) -> SkillPackageError:
+        first_error = exc.errors()[0]
+        loc = first_error["loc"]
+        field = loc[0] if loc else "manifest"
+        error_type = first_error["type"]
+        if field == "name":
+            code = "missing_skill_name" if error_type == "string_too_short" else "invalid_skill_name"
+            message = (
+                "SKILL.md frontmatter name is required"
+                if code == "missing_skill_name"
+                else "SKILL.md frontmatter name must be lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphens only, "
+                "must not start or end with a hyphen, and must be at most 64 characters"
+            )
+            return SkillPackageError(code, message, status_code=400)
+        if field == "description":
+            code = "missing_skill_description" if error_type == "string_too_short" else "invalid_skill_description"
+            message = (
+                "SKILL.md frontmatter description is required"
+                if code == "missing_skill_description"
+                else f"SKILL.md frontmatter description must be at most {_MAX_SKILL_DESCRIPTION_LENGTH} characters"
+            )
+            return SkillPackageError(code, message, status_code=400)
+        return SkillPackageError("invalid_skill_manifest", "SKILL.md frontmatter is invalid", status_code=400)
+
     def _open_archive(self, *, content: bytes, filename: str) -> zipfile.ZipFile:
         self._check_extension(filename)
         if not content:
@@ -280,13 +313,6 @@ class SkillPackageService:
         frontmatter = cls._parse_frontmatter(content)
         name = str(frontmatter.get("name") or "").strip()
         description = str(frontmatter.get("description") or "").strip()
-        if not name:
-            heading = _HEADING_RE.search(content)
-            name = heading.group(1).strip() if heading else ""
-        if not name:
-            raise SkillPackageError(
-                "missing_skill_name", "SKILL.md must declare a name (frontmatter or top heading)", status_code=400
-            )
         return name, description
 
     @staticmethod

api/services/agent_config_service.py

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ from models.tools import ToolFile
 from services.agent.config_skill_normalize_service import ConfigSkillNormalizeService
 from services.agent.skill_package_service import SkillPackageError
 from services.agent_drive_service import DriveFileRef
+from services.skill_management_service import SkillManagementService, SkillManagementServiceError
 
 
 class AgentConfigVersionKind(StrEnum):
@@ -98,6 +99,7 @@ class ConfigPushPayload(BaseModel):
 
 @dataclass(slots=True)
 class AgentConfigTarget:
+    tenant_id: str
     agent_id: str
     version_id: str
     kind: AgentConfigVersionKind
@@ -146,6 +148,7 @@ class AgentConfigService:
                 user_id=user_id,
             )
             return AgentConfigTarget(
+                tenant_id=tenant_id,
                 agent_id=target.agent_id,
                 version_id=target.version_id,
                 kind=target.kind,
@@ -191,7 +194,7 @@ class AgentConfigService:
         return {
             "agent_id": target.agent_id,
             "config_version": self._config_version_payload(target),
-            "items": [self._serialize_skill_item(skill) for skill in target.agent_soul.config_skills],
+            "items": self._skill_items_for_target(target),
         }
 
     def list_files(
@@ -233,10 +236,27 @@ class AgentConfigService:
             config_version_kind=config_version_kind,
             user_id=user_id,
         )
-        skill = self._require_skill(target.agent_soul, name=name)
-        file_id = self._available_skill_file_id(skill)
-        payload, mime_type = self._load_tool_file_bytes(tenant_id=tenant_id, file_id=file_id)
-        return ConfigDownload(filename=f"{skill.name}.zip", mime_type=mime_type or "application/zip", payload=payload)
+        try:
+            skill = self._require_skill(target.agent_soul, name=name)
+            file_id = self._available_skill_file_id(skill)
+            payload, mime_type = self._load_tool_file_bytes(tenant_id=tenant_id, file_id=file_id)
+            return ConfigDownload(
+                filename=f"{skill.name}.zip",
+                mime_type=mime_type or "application/zip",
+                payload=payload,
+            )
+        except AgentConfigServiceError as exc:
+            if exc.code != "config_skill_not_found":
+                raise
+        try:
+            result = SkillManagementService().pull_runtime_agent_skill(
+                tenant_id=tenant_id,
+                agent_id=agent_id,
+                name=name,
+            )
+            return ConfigDownload(filename=result.filename, mime_type=result.mime_type, payload=result.payload)
+        except SkillManagementServiceError as exc:
+            raise AgentConfigServiceError("config_skill_not_found", "config skill not found", status_code=404) from exc
 
     def download_skill_url(
         self,
@@ -279,9 +299,45 @@ class AgentConfigService:
             config_version_kind=config_version_kind,
             user_id=user_id,
         )
-        skill = self._require_skill(target.agent_soul, name=name)
-        file_id = self._available_skill_file_id(skill)
-        archive_bytes, _mime_type = self._load_tool_file_bytes(tenant_id=tenant_id, file_id=file_id)
+        try:
+            skill = self._require_skill(target.agent_soul, name=name)
+            file_id = self._available_skill_file_id(skill)
+            archive_bytes, _mime_type = self._load_tool_file_bytes(tenant_id=tenant_id, file_id=file_id)
+            skill_item = self._serialize_skill_item(skill)
+        except AgentConfigServiceError as exc:
+            if exc.code != "config_skill_not_found":
+                raise
+            try:
+                workspace_archive = SkillManagementService().pull_runtime_agent_skill(
+                    tenant_id=tenant_id,
+                    agent_id=agent_id,
+                    name=name,
+                )
+            except SkillManagementServiceError as skill_exc:
+                raise AgentConfigServiceError(
+                    "config_skill_not_found",
+                    "config skill not found",
+                    status_code=404,
+                ) from skill_exc
+            archive_bytes = workspace_archive.payload
+            skill_item = next(
+                (
+                    item
+                    for item in SkillManagementService().list_runtime_agent_skills(
+                        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+                        agent_id=agent_id,
+                    )
+                    if item["name"] == name
+                ),
+                {
+                    "id": name,
+                    "name": name,
+                    "description": "",
+                    "size": None,
+                    "hash": None,
+                    "mime_type": "application/zip",
+                },
+            )
         try:
             archive_items, skill_md = self._inspect_skill_archive(archive_bytes)
         except (OSError, ValueError, zipfile.BadZipFile) as exc:
@@ -291,7 +347,7 @@ class AgentConfigService:
                 status_code=500,
             ) from exc
         return {
-            **self._serialize_skill_item(skill),
+            **skill_item,
             "source": "config_skill_zip",
             "files": archive_items,
             "skill_md": skill_md,
@@ -839,6 +895,7 @@ class AgentConfigService:
                 status_code=404,
             )
         return AgentConfigTarget(
+            tenant_id=tenant_id,
             agent_id=agent_id,
             version_id=version.id,
             kind=config_version_kind,
@@ -1133,9 +1190,7 @@ class AgentConfigService:
         return {
             "agent_id": target.agent_id,
             "config_version": AgentConfigService._config_version_payload(target),
-            "skills": {
-                "items": [AgentConfigService._serialize_skill_item(skill) for skill in target.agent_soul.config_skills]
-            },
+            "skills": {"items": AgentConfigService._skill_items_for_target(target)},
             "files": {
                 "items": [
                     AgentConfigService._serialize_file_item(file_ref) for file_ref in target.agent_soul.config_files
@@ -1145,6 +1200,20 @@ class AgentConfigService:
             "note": target.agent_soul.config_note,
         }
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _skill_items_for_target(target: AgentConfigTarget) -> list[dict[str, object]]:
+        items = [AgentConfigService._serialize_skill_item(skill) for skill in target.agent_soul.config_skills]
+        seen_names = {str(item["name"]) for item in items}
+        for item in SkillManagementService().list_runtime_agent_skills(
+            tenant_id=target.tenant_id,
+            agent_id=target.agent_id,
+        ):
+            if item["name"] in seen_names:
+                continue
+            seen_names.add(str(item["name"]))
+            items.append(item)
+        return items
+
     @staticmethod
     def _config_version_payload(target: AgentConfigTarget) -> dict[str, object]:
         return {

api/services/app_service.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import json
 import logging
 from collections.abc import Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Any, Literal, NotRequired, TypedDict, cast, override
 
@@ -41,6 +42,20 @@ from tasks.remove_app_and_related_data_task import remove_app_and_related_data_t
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 AppListSortBy = Literal["last_modified", "recently_created", "earliest_created"]
+RecentAppMode = Literal[
+    AppMode.COMPLETION,
+    AppMode.WORKFLOW,
+    AppMode.CHAT,
+    AppMode.ADVANCED_CHAT,
+    AppMode.AGENT_CHAT,
+]
+RECENT_APP_MODES: tuple[RecentAppMode, ...] = (
+    AppMode.COMPLETION,
+    AppMode.WORKFLOW,
+    AppMode.CHAT,
+    AppMode.ADVANCED_CHAT,
+    AppMode.AGENT_CHAT,
+)
 
 
 class AppListBaseParams(BaseModel):
@@ -65,6 +80,19 @@ class StarredAppListParams(AppListBaseParams):
     pass
 
 
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class RecentAppListItem:
+    id: str
+    name: str
+    icon_type: IconType | None
+    icon: str | None
+    icon_background: str | None
+    mode: RecentAppMode
+    author_name: str | None
+    updated_at: datetime
+    maintainer: str | None
+
+
 class CreateAppParams(BaseModel):
     name: str = Field(min_length=1)
     description: str | None = None
@@ -323,6 +351,62 @@ class AppService:
 
         return app_models
 
+    def get_recent_apps(
+        self,
+        user_id: str,
+        tenant_id: str,
+        params: AppListParams,
+        session: Session,
+    ) -> list[RecentAppListItem]:
+        """Return recently modified apps as one lightweight, non-paginated projection."""
+        filters = self._build_app_list_filters(user_id, tenant_id, params, session)
+        if not filters:
+            return []
+
+        stmt = (
+            sa.select(
+                App.id,
+                App.name,
+                App.icon_type,
+                App.icon,
+                App.icon_background,
+                App.mode,
+                Account.name.label("author_name"),
+                App.updated_at,
+                App.maintainer,
+            )
+            .outerjoin(Account, Account.id == App.created_by)
+            .where(*filters, App.mode.in_(RECENT_APP_MODES))
+            .order_by(App.updated_at.desc())
+            .limit(params.limit)
+        )
+        rows = session.execute(stmt).all()
+
+        return [
+            RecentAppListItem(
+                id=str(app_id),
+                name=name,
+                icon_type=icon_type,
+                icon=icon,
+                icon_background=icon_background,
+                mode=cast(RecentAppMode, mode),
+                author_name=author_name,
+                updated_at=updated_at,
+                maintainer=maintainer,
+            )
+            for (
+                app_id,
+                name,
+                icon_type,
+                icon,
+                icon_background,
+                mode,
+                author_name,
+                updated_at,
+                maintainer,
+            ) in rows
+        ]
+
     def get_paginate_starred_apps(
         self,
         user_id: str,

api/services/entities/model_provider_entities.py

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ from core.entities.provider_entities import (
     QuotaConfiguration,
     UnaddedModelConfiguration,
 )
-from core.plugin.entities.plugin import PluginInstallationSource
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.common_entities import I18nObject
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import (
     FetchFrom,
@@ -70,64 +69,6 @@ class SystemConfigurationResponse(BaseModel):
     quota_configurations: list[QuotaConfiguration] = []
 
 
-class ModelProviderCustomConfigurationSummaryResponse(BaseModel):
-    status: CustomConfigurationStatus
-    available_credentials: list[CredentialConfiguration]
-    current_credential_id: str | None = None
-    current_credential_name: str | None = None
-    current_credential_usable: bool
-
-
-class ModelProviderSystemConfigurationSummaryResponse(BaseModel):
-    enabled: bool
-
-
-class ModelProviderPluginSummaryResponse(BaseModel):
-    installation_id: str
-    plugin_id: str
-    plugin_unique_identifier: str
-    runtime_type: str
-    source: PluginInstallationSource
-    version: str
-
-
-class ModelProviderSummaryResponse(BaseModel):
-    """Fields required to render the collapsed model-provider list."""
-
-    tenant_id: str = Field(exclude=True)
-    provider: str
-    plugin_id: str
-    label: I18nObject
-    description: I18nObject | None = None
-    icon_small: I18nObject | None = None
-    icon_small_dark: I18nObject | None = None
-    supported_model_types: Sequence[ModelType]
-    configurate_methods: list[ConfigurateMethod]
-    preferred_provider_type: ProviderType
-    is_configured: bool
-    custom_configuration: ModelProviderCustomConfigurationSummaryResponse
-    system_configuration: ModelProviderSystemConfigurationSummaryResponse
-
-    model_config = ConfigDict(protected_namespaces=())
-
-    @model_validator(mode="after")
-    def build_icon_urls(self):
-        url_prefix = (
-            dify_config.CONSOLE_API_URL + f"/console/api/workspaces/{self.tenant_id}/model-providers/{self.provider}"
-        )
-        if self.icon_small is not None:
-            self.icon_small = I18nObject(
-                en_US=f"{url_prefix}/icon_small/en_US",
-                zh_Hans=f"{url_prefix}/icon_small/zh_Hans",
-            )
-        if self.icon_small_dark is not None:
-            self.icon_small_dark = I18nObject(
-                en_US=f"{url_prefix}/icon_small_dark/en_US",
-                zh_Hans=f"{url_prefix}/icon_small_dark/zh_Hans",
-            )
-        return self
-
-
 class ProviderResponse(BaseModel):
     """
     Model class for provider response.

api/services/feature_service.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+import logging
+from collections.abc import Mapping
 from enum import StrEnum
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, ValidationError
 
 from configs import dify_config
 from constants.dsl_version import CURRENT_APP_DSL_VERSION
@@ -10,6 +12,8 @@ from enums.hosted_provider import HostedTrialProvider
 from services.billing_service import BillingInfo, BillingService
 from services.enterprise.enterprise_service import EnterpriseService
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 
 class FeatureResponseModel(BaseModel):
     model_config = ConfigDict(json_schema_serialization_defaults_required=True, protected_namespaces=())
@@ -131,6 +135,13 @@ class PluginInstallationPermissionModel(FeatureResponseModel):
     restrict_to_marketplace_only: bool = False
 
 
+class _EnterprisePluginInstallationPermission(BaseModel):
+    model_config = ConfigDict(extra="ignore")
+
+    plugin_installation_scope: PluginInstallationScope = Field(alias="pluginInstallationScope")
+    restrict_to_marketplace_only: bool = Field(alias="restrictToMarketplaceOnly", strict=True)
+
+
 class FeatureModel(FeatureResponseModel):
     billing: BillingModel = BillingModel()
     education: EducationModel = EducationModel()
@@ -285,6 +296,14 @@ class FeatureService:
         """Return whether Enterprise plugin credential policies must be enforced."""
         return dify_config.ENTERPRISE_ENABLED
 
+    @classmethod
+    def get_plugin_installation_permission(cls) -> PluginInstallationPermissionModel:
+        """Resolve the validated deployment-wide plugin installation policy."""
+        if not dify_config.ENTERPRISE_ENABLED:
+            return PluginInstallationPermissionModel()
+
+        return cls._resolve_plugin_installation_permission(EnterpriseService.get_info())
+
     @classmethod
     def get_license(cls) -> LicenseModel:
         """Return full license detail. Enterprise-only; requires an authenticated caller.
@@ -452,6 +471,33 @@ class FeatureService:
                 )
         return license_model
 
+    @classmethod
+    def _resolve_plugin_installation_permission(
+        cls, enterprise_info: Mapping[str, object]
+    ) -> PluginInstallationPermissionModel:
+        if "PluginInstallationPermission" not in enterprise_info:
+            return PluginInstallationPermissionModel()
+
+        try:
+            permission = _EnterprisePluginInstallationPermission.model_validate(
+                enterprise_info["PluginInstallationPermission"]
+            )
+        except ValidationError as exc:
+            # Do not attach the exception because it may contain raw Enterprise configuration values.
+            logger.error(  # noqa: TRY400
+                "Invalid Enterprise plugin installation permission; denying all plugin installations: %s",
+                exc.errors(include_input=False),
+            )
+            return PluginInstallationPermissionModel(
+                plugin_installation_scope=PluginInstallationScope.NONE,
+                restrict_to_marketplace_only=True,
+            )
+
+        return PluginInstallationPermissionModel(
+            plugin_installation_scope=permission.plugin_installation_scope,
+            restrict_to_marketplace_only=permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only,
+        )
+
     @classmethod
     def _fulfill_params_from_enterprise(cls, features: SystemFeatureModel):
         enterprise_info = EnterpriseService.get_info()
@@ -499,11 +545,4 @@ class FeatureService:
                 status=LicenseStatus(license_info.get("status", LicenseStatus.INACTIVE))
             )
 
-        if "PluginInstallationPermission" in enterprise_info:
-            plugin_installation_info = enterprise_info["PluginInstallationPermission"]
-            features.plugin_installation_permission.plugin_installation_scope = plugin_installation_info[
-                "pluginInstallationScope"
-            ]
-            features.plugin_installation_permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only = plugin_installation_info[
-                "restrictToMarketplaceOnly"
-            ]
+        features.plugin_installation_permission = cls._resolve_plugin_installation_permission(enterprise_info)

api/services/model_provider_service.py

@@ -1,42 +1,18 @@
 import logging
-from collections import defaultdict
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
-from sqlalchemy import and_, select
-
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from models.account import Account
 
-from configs import dify_config
-from core.db.session_factory import session_factory
 from core.entities.model_entities import ModelWithProviderEntity, ProviderModelWithStatusEntity
-from core.entities.provider_entities import CredentialConfiguration
-from core.helper.position_helper import is_filtered
-from core.plugin.entities.plugin import PluginInstallationSource
-from core.plugin.entities.plugin_daemon import PluginModelProviderBinding
 from core.plugin.impl.model_runtime_factory import create_plugin_model_provider_factory, create_plugin_provider_manager
-from core.plugin.plugin_service import PluginService
 from core.provider_manager import ProviderManager
-from extensions import ext_hosting_provider
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import ModelType, ParameterRule
-from models.provider import (
-    Provider,
-    ProviderCredential,
-    ProviderModel,
-    ProviderModelCredential,
-    ProviderType,
-    TenantPreferredModelProvider,
-)
-from models.provider_ids import ModelProviderID
+from models.provider import ProviderType
 from services.entities.model_provider_entities import (
     CustomConfigurationResponse,
     CustomConfigurationStatus,
     DefaultModelResponse,
-    ModelProviderCustomConfigurationSummaryResponse,
-    ModelProviderPluginSummaryResponse,
-    ModelProviderSummaryResponse,
-    ModelProviderSystemConfigurationSummaryResponse,
     ModelWithProviderEntityResponse,
     ProviderResponse,
     ProviderWithModelsResponse,
@@ -48,17 +24,6 @@ from services.errors.app_model_config import ProviderNotFoundError
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-@dataclass(slots=True)
-class _ProviderSummaryState:
-    has_custom_provider: bool = False
-    available_credentials: list[CredentialConfiguration] = field(default_factory=list)
-    has_custom_models: bool = False
-    current_credential_id: str | None = None
-    current_credential_name: str | None = None
-    current_credential_usable: bool = False
-    preferred_provider_type: ProviderType | None = None
-
-
 class ModelProviderService:
     """
     Model Provider Service
@@ -167,242 +132,6 @@ class ModelProviderService:
 
         return provider_responses
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _load_provider_summary_states(tenant_id: str) -> dict[str, _ProviderSummaryState]:
-        """Load only the workspace columns required by the collapsed provider list."""
-        with session_factory.create_session() as session:
-            custom_provider_rows = session.execute(
-                select(
-                    Provider.provider_name,
-                    Provider.credential_id,
-                    ProviderCredential.provider_name.label("credential_provider_name"),
-                    ProviderCredential.credential_name,
-                )
-                .outerjoin(
-                    ProviderCredential,
-                    and_(
-                        ProviderCredential.id == Provider.credential_id,
-                        ProviderCredential.tenant_id == tenant_id,
-                    ),
-                )
-                .where(
-                    Provider.tenant_id == tenant_id,
-                    Provider.provider_type == ProviderType.CUSTOM,
-                    Provider.is_valid.is_(True),
-                )
-            ).all()
-            credential_rows = session.execute(
-                select(
-                    ProviderCredential.id,
-                    ProviderCredential.provider_name,
-                    ProviderCredential.credential_name,
-                )
-                .where(ProviderCredential.tenant_id == tenant_id)
-                .order_by(
-                    ProviderCredential.created_at.desc(),
-                    ProviderCredential.id.desc(),
-                )
-            ).all()
-            custom_model_rows = session.execute(
-                select(ProviderModel.provider_name.label("provider_name"))
-                .where(
-                    ProviderModel.tenant_id == tenant_id,
-                    ProviderModel.is_valid.is_(True),
-                )
-                .union(
-                    select(ProviderModelCredential.provider_name.label("provider_name")).where(
-                        ProviderModelCredential.tenant_id == tenant_id
-                    )
-                )
-            ).all()
-            preferred_provider_rows = session.execute(
-                select(
-                    TenantPreferredModelProvider.provider_name,
-                    TenantPreferredModelProvider.preferred_provider_type,
-                ).where(TenantPreferredModelProvider.tenant_id == tenant_id)
-            ).all()
-
-        states: defaultdict[str, _ProviderSummaryState] = defaultdict(_ProviderSummaryState)
-        for credential in credential_rows:
-            provider_name = str(ModelProviderID(credential.provider_name))
-            states[provider_name].available_credentials.append(
-                CredentialConfiguration(
-                    credential_id=credential.id,
-                    credential_name=credential.credential_name,
-                )
-            )
-
-        selected_provider_priorities: dict[str, bool] = {}
-        for provider in custom_provider_rows:
-            provider_name = str(ModelProviderID(provider.provider_name))
-            state = states[provider_name]
-            state.has_custom_provider = True
-
-            is_canonical_row = provider.provider_name == provider_name
-            if provider_name in selected_provider_priorities and not is_canonical_row:
-                continue
-            selected_provider_priorities[provider_name] = is_canonical_row
-            state.current_credential_id = provider.credential_id
-            if (
-                provider.credential_provider_name is not None
-                and str(ModelProviderID(provider.credential_provider_name)) == provider_name
-            ):
-                state.current_credential_name = provider.credential_name
-                state.current_credential_usable = True
-            else:
-                state.current_credential_name = None
-                state.current_credential_usable = False
-
-        for model in custom_model_rows:
-            states[str(ModelProviderID(model.provider_name))].has_custom_models = True
-
-        preferred_provider_priorities: dict[str, bool] = {}
-        for preferred_provider in preferred_provider_rows:
-            provider_name = str(ModelProviderID(preferred_provider.provider_name))
-            is_canonical_row = preferred_provider.provider_name == provider_name
-            if provider_name in preferred_provider_priorities and not is_canonical_row:
-                continue
-            preferred_provider_priorities[provider_name] = is_canonical_row
-            states[provider_name].preferred_provider_type = preferred_provider.preferred_provider_type
-
-        return dict(states)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _is_system_provider_enabled(provider: str) -> bool:
-        configuration = ext_hosting_provider.hosting_configuration.provider_map.get(provider)
-        return bool(configuration and configuration.enabled and configuration.quotas)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _select_binding(
-        current_binding: PluginModelProviderBinding | None,
-        candidate_binding: PluginModelProviderBinding,
-    ) -> PluginModelProviderBinding:
-        """Prefer a remote-debug runtime when one shadows an installed plugin."""
-        if current_binding is None:
-            return candidate_binding
-        if (
-            candidate_binding.source == PluginInstallationSource.Remote
-            and current_binding.source != PluginInstallationSource.Remote
-        ):
-            return candidate_binding
-        return current_binding
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _get_preferred_provider_type(
-        state: _ProviderSummaryState,
-        *,
-        custom_present: bool,
-        system_enabled: bool,
-    ) -> ProviderType:
-        if state.preferred_provider_type is not None:
-            return state.preferred_provider_type
-        if dify_config.EDITION == "CLOUD" and system_enabled:
-            return ProviderType.SYSTEM
-        if custom_present:
-            return ProviderType.CUSTOM
-        if system_enabled:
-            return ProviderType.SYSTEM
-        return ProviderType.CUSTOM
-
-    def get_provider_summary_list(
-        self, tenant_id: str
-    ) -> tuple[list[ModelProviderSummaryResponse], dict[str, ModelProviderPluginSummaryResponse]]:
-        """Build the complete first-screen provider projection without assembling provider configurations."""
-        # Read bindings first: remote-debug identity changes invalidate provider metadata
-        # before the provider cache is consulted.
-        bindings = PluginService.list_model_provider_bindings(tenant_id)
-        provider_entities = PluginService.fetch_plugin_model_providers(tenant_id=tenant_id)
-        states = self._load_provider_summary_states(tenant_id)
-
-        bindings_by_provider: dict[str, PluginModelProviderBinding] = {}
-        for binding in bindings:
-            provider_name = (
-                str(ModelProviderID(binding.provider))
-                if binding.provider.count("/") == 2
-                else str(ModelProviderID(f"{binding.plugin_id}/{binding.provider}"))
-            )
-            bindings_by_provider[provider_name] = self._select_binding(
-                bindings_by_provider.get(provider_name),
-                binding,
-            )
-
-        provider_summaries: list[ModelProviderSummaryResponse] = []
-        emitted_provider_names: set[str] = set()
-        for provider_entity in provider_entities:
-            if is_filtered(
-                include_set=dify_config.POSITION_PROVIDER_INCLUDES_SET,
-                exclude_set=dify_config.POSITION_PROVIDER_EXCLUDES_SET,
-                data=provider_entity,
-                name_func=lambda provider: provider.provider,
-            ):
-                continue
-
-            provider_id = ModelProviderID(provider_entity.provider)
-            provider_name = str(provider_id)
-            if provider_name in emitted_provider_names:
-                continue
-            emitted_provider_names.add(provider_name)
-
-            state = states.get(provider_name, _ProviderSummaryState())
-            custom_configured = (
-                state.has_custom_provider and bool(state.available_credentials)
-            ) or state.has_custom_models
-            custom_present = state.has_custom_provider or state.has_custom_models
-            system_enabled = self._is_system_provider_enabled(provider_name)
-            preferred_provider_type = self._get_preferred_provider_type(
-                state,
-                custom_present=custom_present,
-                system_enabled=system_enabled,
-            )
-
-            provider_summaries.append(
-                ModelProviderSummaryResponse(
-                    tenant_id=tenant_id,
-                    provider=provider_name,
-                    plugin_id=provider_id.plugin_id,
-                    label=provider_entity.label,
-                    description=provider_entity.description,
-                    icon_small=provider_entity.icon_small,
-                    icon_small_dark=provider_entity.icon_small_dark,
-                    supported_model_types=provider_entity.supported_model_types,
-                    configurate_methods=provider_entity.configurate_methods,
-                    preferred_provider_type=preferred_provider_type,
-                    is_configured=custom_configured or system_enabled,
-                    custom_configuration=ModelProviderCustomConfigurationSummaryResponse(
-                        status=CustomConfigurationStatus.ACTIVE
-                        if custom_configured
-                        else CustomConfigurationStatus.NO_CONFIGURE,
-                        available_credentials=state.available_credentials,
-                        current_credential_id=state.current_credential_id,
-                        current_credential_name=state.current_credential_name,
-                        current_credential_usable=state.current_credential_usable,
-                    ),
-                    system_configuration=ModelProviderSystemConfigurationSummaryResponse(
-                        enabled=system_enabled,
-                    ),
-                )
-            )
-
-        plugin_bindings: dict[str, PluginModelProviderBinding] = {}
-        for binding in bindings_by_provider.values():
-            plugin_bindings[binding.plugin_id] = self._select_binding(
-                plugin_bindings.get(binding.plugin_id),
-                binding,
-            )
-
-        plugin_summaries = {
-            plugin_id: ModelProviderPluginSummaryResponse(
-                installation_id=binding.installation_id,
-                plugin_id=binding.plugin_id,
-                plugin_unique_identifier=binding.plugin_unique_identifier,
-                runtime_type=binding.runtime_type,
-                source=binding.source,
-                version=binding.version,
-            )
-            for plugin_id, binding in plugin_bindings.items()
-        }
-        return provider_summaries, plugin_summaries
-
     def get_models_by_provider(self, tenant_id: str, provider: str) -> list[ModelWithProviderEntityResponse]:
         """
         get provider models.

api/services/tag_service.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from werkzeug.exceptions import NotFound
 from models.dataset import Dataset
 from models.enums import TagType
 from models.model import App, Tag, TagBinding
+from models.skill import Skill
 from models.snippet import CustomizedSnippet
 
 type _TagTypeLike = TagType | str
@@ -282,5 +283,13 @@ class TagService:
             )
             if not snippet:
                 raise NotFound("Snippet not found")
+        elif type == "skill":
+            skill = session.scalar(
+                select(Skill)
+                .where(Skill.tenant_id == current_user.current_tenant_id, Skill.id == target_id)
+                .limit(1)
+            )
+            if not skill:
+                raise NotFound("Skill not found")
         else:
             raise NotFound("Invalid binding type")

api/tasks/agent_backend_session_cleanup_task.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ def _create_agent_backend_client():
         return None
     return create_agent_backend_run_client(
         base_url=dify_config.AGENT_BACKEND_BASE_URL,
+        api_token=dify_config.AGENT_BACKEND_API_TOKEN,
         use_fake=dify_config.AGENT_BACKEND_USE_FAKE,
         fake_scenario=dify_config.AGENT_BACKEND_FAKE_SCENARIO,
         stream_read_timeout_seconds=dify_config.AGENT_BACKEND_STREAM_READ_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,

api/tests/test_containers_integration_tests/controllers/console/datasets/test_data_source.py

@@ -1,494 +1,85 @@
-"""Testcontainers integration tests for controllers.console.datasets.data_source endpoints."""
+"""Integration coverage for Notion page bindings backed by persisted documents."""
 
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import inspect
-from collections.abc import Iterator
-from datetime import UTC, datetime
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, PropertyMock, patch
+from inspect import unwrap
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 from uuid import uuid4
 
-import pytest
 from flask import Flask
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
-from werkzeug.exceptions import NotFound
 
-from controllers.console.datasets import data_source
-from controllers.console.datasets.data_source import (
-    DataSourceApi,
-    DataSourceNotionDatasetSyncApi,
-    DataSourceNotionDocumentSyncApi,
-    DataSourceNotionIndexingEstimateApi,
-    DataSourceNotionListApi,
-    DataSourceNotionPreviewApi,
-)
-from core.rag.index_processor.constant.index_type import IndexStructureType
-from models import Account, DataSourceOauthBinding
+from controllers.console.datasets.data_source import DataSourceNotionListApi
+from models import Account
 from models.dataset import Document
 from models.enums import DataSourceType, DocumentCreatedFrom, IndexingStatus
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
-def current_user() -> Account:
-    account = Account(name="Test User", email="u1@example.com")
-    account.id = "u1"
-    return account
+def test_notion_page_is_marked_bound_from_persisted_document(
+    flask_app_with_containers: Flask,
+    db_session_with_containers: Session,
+) -> None:
+    tenant_id = str(uuid4())
+    dataset_id = str(uuid4())
+    account = Account(name="Test User", email="user@example.com")
+    account.id = str(uuid4())
+    document = Document(
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        dataset_id=dataset_id,
+        position=1,
+        data_source_type=DataSourceType.NOTION_IMPORT,
+        data_source_info='{"notion_page_id": "page-1"}',
+        batch=f"batch-{uuid4()}",
+        name="Notion Page",
+        created_from=DocumentCreatedFrom.WEB,
+        created_by=str(uuid4()),
+        indexing_status=IndexingStatus.COMPLETED,
+        enabled=True,
+    )
+    db_session_with_containers.add(document)
+    db_session_with_containers.commit()
+    runtime = MagicMock(
+        get_online_document_pages=lambda **_kwargs: iter(
+            [
+                MagicMock(
+                    result=[
+                        MagicMock(
+                            workspace_id="workspace-1",
+                            workspace_name="Workspace",
+                            workspace_icon=None,
+                            pages=[
+                                MagicMock(
+                                    page_id="page-1",
+                                    page_name="Page",
+                                    type="page",
+                                    parent_id="parent",
+                                    page_icon=None,
+                                )
+                            ],
+                        )
+                    ]
+                )
+            ]
+        ),
+        datasource_provider_type=lambda: None,
+    )
 
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def mock_engine() -> Iterator[None]:
-    with patch.object(
-        type(data_source.db),
-        "engine",
-        new_callable=PropertyMock,
-        return_value=MagicMock(),
+    with (
+        flask_app_with_containers.test_request_context(f"/?credential_id=c1&dataset_id={dataset_id}"),
+        patch(
+            "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasourceProviderService.get_datasource_credentials",
+            return_value={"token": "token"},
+        ),
+        patch(
+            "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasetService.get_dataset",
+            return_value=MagicMock(data_source_type="notion_import"),
+        ),
+        patch(
+            "core.datasource.datasource_manager.DatasourceManager.get_datasource_runtime",
+            return_value=runtime,
+        ),
     ):
-        yield
-
-
-class TestDataSourceApi:
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def app(self, flask_app_with_containers: Flask) -> Flask:
-        return flask_app_with_containers
-
-    def test_get_success(self, app: Flask) -> None:
-        api = DataSourceApi()
-        method = inspect.unwrap(api.get)
-
-        binding = DataSourceOauthBinding(
-            tenant_id="tenant-1",
-            access_token="token",
-            provider="notion",
-            source_info={
-                "workspace_name": "Workspace",
-                "workspace_id": "workspace-1",
-                "workspace_icon": None,
-                "total": 1,
-                "pages": [
-                    {
-                        "page_id": "page-1",
-                        "page_name": "Page",
-                        "page_icon": {"type": "emoji", "emoji": "P", "url": None},
-                        "parent_id": "parent-1",
-                        "type": "page",
-                    }
-                ],
-            },
-        )
-        binding.id = "b1"
-        binding.created_at = datetime(2026, 5, 25, 1, 2, 3, tzinfo=UTC)
-        binding.disabled = False
-
-        with (
-            app.test_request_context("/"),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.db.session.scalars",
-                return_value=MagicMock(all=lambda: [binding]),
-            ),
-        ):
-            response, status = method(api, "tenant-1")
-
-        assert status == 200
-        assert response["data"][0] == {
-            "id": "b1",
-            "provider": "notion",
-            "created_at": 1779670923,
-            "is_bound": True,
-            "disabled": False,
-            "source_info": {
-                "workspace_name": "Workspace",
-                "workspace_id": "workspace-1",
-                "workspace_icon": None,
-                "pages": [
-                    {
-                        "page_name": "Page",
-                        "page_id": "page-1",
-                        "page_icon": {"type": "emoji", "url": None, "emoji": "P"},
-                        "parent_id": "parent-1",
-                        "type": "page",
-                    }
-                ],
-                "total": 1,
-            },
-            "link": "http://localhost/console/api/oauth/data-source/notion",
-        }
-
-    def test_get_no_bindings(self, app: Flask) -> None:
-        api = DataSourceApi()
-        method = inspect.unwrap(api.get)
-
-        with (
-            app.test_request_context("/"),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.db.session.scalars",
-                return_value=MagicMock(all=lambda: []),
-            ),
-        ):
-            response, status = method(api, "tenant-1")
-
-        assert status == 200
-        assert response["data"] == []
-
-    def test_patch_enable_binding(self, app: Flask) -> None:
-        api = DataSourceApi()
-        method = inspect.unwrap(api.patch)
-
-        binding = MagicMock(id="b1", disabled=True)
-        session = MagicMock()
-        session.scalar.return_value = binding
-
-        with app.test_request_context("/"):
-            response, status = method(api, session, "tenant-1", "b1", "enable")
-
-        assert status == 200
-        assert binding.disabled is False
-
-    def test_patch_disable_binding(self, app: Flask) -> None:
-        api = DataSourceApi()
-        method = inspect.unwrap(api.patch)
-
-        binding = MagicMock(id="b1", disabled=False)
-        session = MagicMock()
-        session.scalar.return_value = binding
-
-        with app.test_request_context("/"):
-            response, status = method(api, session, "tenant-1", "b1", "disable")
-
-        assert status == 200
-        assert binding.disabled is True
-
-    def test_patch_binding_not_found(self, app: Flask) -> None:
-        api = DataSourceApi()
-        method = inspect.unwrap(api.patch)
-        session = MagicMock()
-        session.scalar.return_value = None
-
-        with app.test_request_context("/"):
-            with pytest.raises(NotFound):
-                method(api, session, "tenant-1", "b1", "enable")
-
-    def test_patch_enable_already_enabled(self, app: Flask) -> None:
-        api = DataSourceApi()
-        method = inspect.unwrap(api.patch)
-
-        binding = MagicMock(id="b1", disabled=False)
-        session = MagicMock()
-        session.scalar.return_value = binding
-
-        with app.test_request_context("/"):
-            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                method(api, session, "tenant-1", "b1", "enable")
-
-    def test_patch_disable_already_disabled(self, app: Flask) -> None:
-        api = DataSourceApi()
-        method = inspect.unwrap(api.patch)
-
-        binding = MagicMock(id="b1", disabled=True)
-        session = MagicMock()
-        session.scalar.return_value = binding
-
-        with app.test_request_context("/"):
-            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                method(api, session, "tenant-1", "b1", "disable")
-
-
-class TestDataSourceNotionListApi:
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def app(self, flask_app_with_containers: Flask) -> Flask:
-        return flask_app_with_containers
-
-    def test_get_credential_not_found(self, app: Flask, current_user: Account) -> None:
-        api = DataSourceNotionListApi()
-        method = inspect.unwrap(api.get)
-
-        with (
-            app.test_request_context("/?credential_id=c1"),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasourceProviderService.get_datasource_credentials",
-                return_value=None,
-            ),
-        ):
-            with pytest.raises(NotFound):
-                method(api, MagicMock(), "tenant-1", current_user)
-
-    def test_get_success_no_dataset_id(self, app: Flask, current_user: Account, mock_engine: None) -> None:
-        api = DataSourceNotionListApi()
-        method = inspect.unwrap(api.get)
-
-        page = MagicMock(
-            page_id="p1",
-            page_name="Page 1",
-            type="page",
-            parent_id="parent",
-            page_icon=None,
+        response, status = unwrap(DataSourceNotionListApi().get)(
+            DataSourceNotionListApi(), db_session_with_containers, tenant_id, account
         )
 
-        online_document_message = MagicMock(
-            result=[
-                MagicMock(
-                    workspace_id="w1",
-                    workspace_name="My Workspace",
-                    workspace_icon="icon",
-                    pages=[page],
-                )
-            ]
-        )
-
-        with (
-            app.test_request_context("/?credential_id=c1"),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasourceProviderService.get_datasource_credentials",
-                return_value={"token": "t"},
-            ),
-            patch(
-                "core.datasource.datasource_manager.DatasourceManager.get_datasource_runtime",
-                return_value=MagicMock(
-                    get_online_document_pages=lambda **kw: iter([online_document_message]),
-                    datasource_provider_type=lambda: None,
-                ),
-            ),
-        ):
-            response, status = method(api, MagicMock(), "tenant-1", current_user)
-
-        assert status == 200
-
-    def test_get_success_with_dataset_id(
-        self, app: Flask, current_user: Account, mock_engine: None, db_session_with_containers: Session
-    ) -> None:
-        api = DataSourceNotionListApi()
-        method = inspect.unwrap(api.get)
-        tenant_id = str(uuid4())
-        dataset_id = str(uuid4())
-
-        page = MagicMock(
-            page_id="p1",
-            page_name="Page 1",
-            type="page",
-            parent_id="parent",
-            page_icon=None,
-        )
-
-        online_document_message = MagicMock(
-            result=[
-                MagicMock(
-                    workspace_id="w1",
-                    workspace_name="My Workspace",
-                    workspace_icon="icon",
-                    pages=[page],
-                )
-            ]
-        )
-
-        dataset = MagicMock(data_source_type="notion_import")
-        document = Document(
-            tenant_id=tenant_id,
-            dataset_id=dataset_id,
-            position=1,
-            data_source_type=DataSourceType.NOTION_IMPORT,
-            data_source_info='{"notion_page_id": "p1"}',
-            batch=f"batch-{uuid4()}",
-            name="Notion Page",
-            created_from=DocumentCreatedFrom.WEB,
-            created_by=str(uuid4()),
-            indexing_status=IndexingStatus.COMPLETED,
-            enabled=True,
-        )
-        db_session_with_containers.add(document)
-        db_session_with_containers.commit()
-
-        with (
-            app.test_request_context(f"/?credential_id=c1&dataset_id={dataset_id}"),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasourceProviderService.get_datasource_credentials",
-                return_value={"token": "t"},
-            ),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasetService.get_dataset",
-                return_value=dataset,
-            ),
-            patch(
-                "core.datasource.datasource_manager.DatasourceManager.get_datasource_runtime",
-                return_value=MagicMock(
-                    get_online_document_pages=lambda **kw: iter([online_document_message]),
-                    datasource_provider_type=lambda: None,
-                ),
-            ),
-        ):
-            response, status = method(api, db_session_with_containers, tenant_id, current_user)
-
-        assert status == 200
-
-    def test_get_invalid_dataset_type(self, app: Flask, current_user: Account, mock_engine: None) -> None:
-        api = DataSourceNotionListApi()
-        method = inspect.unwrap(api.get)
-
-        dataset = MagicMock(data_source_type="other_type")
-
-        with (
-            app.test_request_context("/?credential_id=c1&dataset_id=ds1"),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasourceProviderService.get_datasource_credentials",
-                return_value={"token": "t"},
-            ),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasetService.get_dataset",
-                return_value=dataset,
-            ),
-        ):
-            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                method(api, MagicMock(), "tenant-1", current_user)
-
-
-class TestDataSourceNotionPreviewApi:
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def app(self, flask_app_with_containers: Flask) -> Flask:
-        return flask_app_with_containers
-
-    def test_get_preview_success(self, app: Flask) -> None:
-        api = DataSourceNotionPreviewApi()
-        method = inspect.unwrap(api.get)
-
-        extractor = MagicMock(extract=lambda: [MagicMock(page_content="hello")])
-
-        with (
-            app.test_request_context("/?credential_id=c1"),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasourceProviderService.get_datasource_credentials",
-                return_value={"integration_secret": "t"},
-            ),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.NotionExtractor",
-                return_value=extractor,
-            ),
-        ):
-            response, status = method(api, "tenant-1", "p1", "page")
-
-        assert status == 200
-
-
-class TestDataSourceNotionIndexingEstimateApi:
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def app(self, flask_app_with_containers: Flask) -> Flask:
-        return flask_app_with_containers
-
-    def test_post_indexing_estimate_success(self, app: Flask) -> None:
-        api = DataSourceNotionIndexingEstimateApi()
-        method = inspect.unwrap(api.post)
-
-        empty_rules: dict[str, object] = {}
-        payload: dict[str, object] = {
-            "notion_info_list": [
-                {
-                    "workspace_id": "w1",
-                    "credential_id": "c1",
-                    "pages": [{"page_id": "p1", "type": "page"}],
-                }
-            ],
-            "process_rule": {"rules": empty_rules},
-            "doc_form": IndexStructureType.PARAGRAPH_INDEX,
-            "doc_language": "English",
-        }
-
-        with (
-            app.test_request_context("/", method="POST", json=payload, headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"}),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DocumentService.estimate_args_validate",
-            ),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.IndexingRunner.indexing_estimate",
-                return_value=MagicMock(model_dump=lambda: {"total_pages": 1}),
-            ),
-        ):
-            response, status = method(api, MagicMock(), "tenant-1")
-
-        assert status == 200
-
-
-class TestDataSourceNotionDatasetSyncApi:
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def app(self, flask_app_with_containers: Flask) -> Flask:
-        return flask_app_with_containers
-
-    def test_get_success(self, app: Flask) -> None:
-        api = DataSourceNotionDatasetSyncApi()
-        method = inspect.unwrap(api.get)
-
-        with (
-            app.test_request_context("/"),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasetService.get_dataset",
-                return_value=MagicMock(),
-            ),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DocumentService.get_document_by_dataset_id",
-                return_value=[MagicMock(id="d1")],
-            ),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.document_indexing_sync_task.delay",
-                return_value=None,
-            ),
-        ):
-            response, status = method(api, MagicMock(), "ds-1")
-
-        assert status == 200
-
-    def test_get_dataset_not_found(self, app: Flask) -> None:
-        api = DataSourceNotionDatasetSyncApi()
-        method = inspect.unwrap(api.get)
-
-        with (
-            app.test_request_context("/"),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasetService.get_dataset",
-                return_value=None,
-            ),
-        ):
-            with pytest.raises(NotFound):
-                method(api, MagicMock(), "ds-1")
-
-
-class TestDataSourceNotionDocumentSyncApi:
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def app(self, flask_app_with_containers: Flask) -> Flask:
-        return flask_app_with_containers
-
-    def test_get_success(self, app: Flask) -> None:
-        api = DataSourceNotionDocumentSyncApi()
-        method = inspect.unwrap(api.get)
-
-        with (
-            app.test_request_context("/"),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasetService.get_dataset",
-                return_value=MagicMock(),
-            ),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DocumentService.get_document",
-                return_value=MagicMock(),
-            ),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.document_indexing_sync_task.delay",
-                return_value=None,
-            ),
-        ):
-            response, status = method(api, MagicMock(), "ds-1", "doc-1")
-
-        assert status == 200
-
-    def test_get_document_not_found(self, app: Flask) -> None:
-        api = DataSourceNotionDocumentSyncApi()
-        method = inspect.unwrap(api.get)
-
-        with (
-            app.test_request_context("/"),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasetService.get_dataset",
-                return_value=MagicMock(),
-            ),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DocumentService.get_document",
-                return_value=None,
-            ),
-        ):
-            with pytest.raises(NotFound):
-                method(api, MagicMock(), "ds-1", "doc-1")
+    assert status == 200
+    assert response["notion_info"][0]["pages"][0]["is_bound"] is True

api/tests/test_containers_integration_tests/services/test_messages_clean_service.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import datetime
 import json
 import uuid
 from decimal import Decimal
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
 from faker import Faker
@@ -1172,65 +1172,8 @@ class TestMessagesCleanServiceIntegration:
         # Verify all messages were deleted
         assert db_session_with_containers.query(Message).where(Message.id.in_(msg_ids)).count() == 0
 
-    def test_from_time_range_validation(self):
-        """Test that from_time_range raises ValueError for invalid inputs."""
-        policy = MagicMock(spec=BillingDisabledPolicy)
-        now = datetime.datetime.now()
-
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="start_from .* must be less than end_before"):
-            MessagesCleanService.from_time_range(policy, now, now)
-
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="batch_size .* must be greater than 0"):
-            MessagesCleanService.from_time_range(policy, now - datetime.timedelta(days=1), now, batch_size=0)
-
-    def test_from_time_range_success(self):
-        """Test that from_time_range creates a service with correct parameters."""
-        policy = MagicMock(spec=BillingDisabledPolicy)
-        start = datetime.datetime(2024, 1, 1)
-        end = datetime.datetime(2024, 2, 1)
-
-        service = MessagesCleanService.from_time_range(policy, start, end)
-        assert service._start_from == start
-        assert service._end_before == end
-
-    def test_from_days_validation(self):
-        """Test that from_days raises ValueError for invalid inputs."""
-        policy = MagicMock(spec=BillingDisabledPolicy)
-
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="days .* must be greater than or equal to 0"):
-            MessagesCleanService.from_days(policy, days=-1)
-
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="batch_size .* must be greater than 0"):
-            MessagesCleanService.from_days(policy, days=30, batch_size=0)
-
-    def test_from_days_success(self):
-        """Test that from_days creates a service with correct parameters."""
-        policy = MagicMock(spec=BillingDisabledPolicy)
-
-        with patch("services.retention.conversation.messages_clean_service.naive_utc_now") as mock_now:
-            fixed_now = datetime.datetime(2024, 6, 1)
-            mock_now.return_value = fixed_now
-
-            service = MessagesCleanService.from_days(policy, days=10)
-            assert service._start_from is None
-            assert service._end_before == fixed_now - datetime.timedelta(days=10)
-
     def test_batch_delete_message_relations_empty(self, db_session_with_containers: Session):
         """Test that batch_delete_message_relations with empty list does nothing."""
         # Get execute call count before
         MessagesCleanService._batch_delete_message_relations(db_session_with_containers, [])
         # No exception means success — empty list is a no-op
-
-    def test_run_calls_clean_messages(self):
-        """Test that run() delegates to _clean_messages_by_time_range."""
-        policy = MagicMock(spec=BillingDisabledPolicy)
-        service = MessagesCleanService(
-            policy=policy,
-            end_before=datetime.datetime.now(),
-            batch_size=10,
-        )
-        with patch.object(service, "_clean_messages_by_time_range") as mock_clean:
-            mock_clean.return_value = {"total_deleted": 5}
-            result = service.run()
-            assert result == {"total_deleted": 5}
-            mock_clean.assert_called_once()

api/tests/test_containers_integration_tests/services/test_workflow_app_service.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import json
 import uuid
 from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
-from types import SimpleNamespace
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
@@ -12,13 +11,13 @@ from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from graphon.enums import WorkflowExecutionStatus
 from models import EndUser, Workflow, WorkflowAppLog, WorkflowArchiveLog, WorkflowRun
-from models.enums import AppTriggerType, CreatorUserRole, EndUserType, WorkflowRunTriggeredFrom
+from models.enums import CreatorUserRole, EndUserType, WorkflowRunTriggeredFrom
 from models.workflow import WorkflowAppLogCreatedFrom
 from services.account_service import AccountService, TenantService
 
 # Delay import of AppService to avoid circular dependency
 # from services.app_service import AppService, CreateAppParams
-from services.workflow_app_service import LogView, WorkflowAppService
+from services.workflow_app_service import WorkflowAppService
 from tests.test_containers_integration_tests.helpers import generate_valid_password
 
 
@@ -1627,73 +1626,3 @@ class TestWorkflowAppService:
         end_user_item = next(d for d in result["data"] if d["created_by_end_user"] is not None)
         assert account_item["created_by_account"].id == account.id
         assert end_user_item["created_by_end_user"].id == end_user.id
-
-
-class TestLogView:
-    def test_details_and_proxy_attributes(self):
-        log = SimpleNamespace(id="log-1", status="succeeded")
-        view = LogView(log=log, details={"trigger_metadata": {"type": "plugin"}})
-
-        assert view.details == {"trigger_metadata": {"type": "plugin"}}
-        assert view.status == "succeeded"
-
-
-class TestHandleTriggerMetadata:
-    def test_returns_empty_dict_when_metadata_missing(self):
-        service = WorkflowAppService()
-        assert service.handle_trigger_metadata("tenant-1", None) == {}
-
-    def test_enriches_plugin_icons(self):
-        service = WorkflowAppService()
-        meta = {
-            "type": AppTriggerType.TRIGGER_PLUGIN.value,
-            "icon_filename": "light.png",
-            "icon_dark_filename": "dark.png",
-        }
-        with patch(
-            "services.workflow_app_service.PluginService.get_plugin_icon_url",
-            side_effect=["https://cdn/light.png", "https://cdn/dark.png"],
-        ) as mock_icon:
-            result = service.handle_trigger_metadata("tenant-1", json.dumps(meta))
-
-        assert result["icon"] == "https://cdn/light.png"
-        assert result["icon_dark"] == "https://cdn/dark.png"
-        assert mock_icon.call_count == 2
-
-    def test_non_plugin_metadata_without_icon_lookup(self):
-        service = WorkflowAppService()
-        meta = {"type": AppTriggerType.TRIGGER_WEBHOOK.value}
-        with patch("services.workflow_app_service.PluginService.get_plugin_icon_url") as mock_icon:
-            result = service.handle_trigger_metadata("tenant-1", json.dumps(meta))
-
-        assert result["type"] == AppTriggerType.TRIGGER_WEBHOOK.value
-        mock_icon.assert_not_called()
-
-
-class TestSafeJsonLoads:
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-        ("value", "expected"),
-        [
-            (None, None),
-            ("", None),
-            ('{"k":"v"}', {"k": "v"}),
-            ("not-json", None),
-            ({"raw": True}, {"raw": True}),
-        ],
-    )
-    def test_handles_various_inputs(self, value, expected):
-        assert WorkflowAppService._safe_json_loads(value) == expected
-
-
-class TestSafeParseUuid:
-    def test_returns_none_for_short_or_invalid_values(self):
-        service = WorkflowAppService()
-        assert service._safe_parse_uuid("short") is None
-        assert service._safe_parse_uuid("x" * 40) is None
-
-    def test_returns_uuid_for_valid_string(self):
-        service = WorkflowAppService()
-        raw = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        result = service._safe_parse_uuid(raw)
-        assert result is not None
-        assert str(result) == raw

api/tests/unit_tests/commands/test_legacy_model_type_migration.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import json
 import os
 import threading
 import time
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from pathlib import Path
 from types import SimpleNamespace
@@ -15,9 +16,12 @@ import pytest
 import sqlalchemy as sa
 from click.testing import CliRunner
 from sqlalchemy.exc import OperationalError
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, SessionTransaction, sessionmaker
 
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import ModelType
+from models import Dataset, DatasetPermission, DatasetPermissionEnum
 from models.account import Tenant
+from models.base import TypeBase
 from models.enums import CredentialSourceType
 from models.provider import ProviderModel
 from tests.helpers.legacy_model_type_migration import (
@@ -59,6 +63,40 @@ def command_module():
         )
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def rbac_session(sqlite_engine: sa.Engine, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> Iterator[Session]:
+    """Bind RBAC command reads to persisted SQLite dataset rows."""
+
+    TypeBase.metadata.create_all(
+        sqlite_engine,
+        tables=[Dataset.__table__, DatasetPermission.__table__],
+    )
+    factory = sessionmaker(bind=sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("commands.rbac.session_factory.create_session", factory)
+    with factory() as session:
+        yield session
+
+
+def _persist_dataset(
+    session: Session,
+    *,
+    dataset_id: str = "dataset-1",
+    tenant_id: str = "tenant-1",
+    permission: DatasetPermissionEnum = DatasetPermissionEnum.ONLY_ME,
+    created_by: str = "creator-account-1",
+) -> Dataset:
+    dataset = Dataset(
+        id=dataset_id,
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        name=f"Dataset {dataset_id}",
+        permission=permission,
+        created_by=created_by,
+    )
+    session.add(dataset)
+    session.commit()
+    return dataset
+
+
 def _parse_json_lines(output: io.StringIO) -> list[dict[str, object]]:
     return [json.loads(line) for line in output.getvalue().splitlines() if line.strip()]
 
@@ -363,56 +401,35 @@ def test_dataset_permission_rbac_migration_maps_legacy_permissions_to_enum_scope
 
 def test_dataset_permission_rbac_migration_uses_dataset_creator_as_operator(
     command_module,
+    rbac_session: Session,
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
 ) -> None:
     rbac_module = importlib.import_module("commands.rbac")
-    dataset_row = SimpleNamespace(
-        id="dataset-1",
-        tenant_id="tenant-1",
-        permission="only_me",
-        created_by="creator-account-1",
-    )
-    execute_results = [[dataset_row], [], []]
+    _persist_dataset(rbac_session)
     calls: list[dict[str, object]] = []
-    session_closed = False
-
-    class FakeExecuteResult:
-        def __init__(self, rows: list[object]) -> None:
-            self._rows = rows
-
-        def all(self) -> list[object]:
-            return self._rows
-
-    class FakeSession:
-        def __enter__(self):
-            return self
-
-        def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, traceback) -> None:
-            nonlocal session_closed
-            session_closed = True
-            pass
-
-        def execute(self, stmt):
-            return FakeExecuteResult(execute_results.pop(0))
-
-    class FakeSessionFactory:
-        @staticmethod
-        def create_session() -> FakeSession:
-            return FakeSession()
+    read_transaction_ended = False
 
     def fake_replace_whitelist(**kwargs):
-        assert session_closed is True
+        assert read_transaction_ended is True
         calls.append(kwargs)
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr(rbac_module, "session_factory", FakeSessionFactory)
-    monkeypatch.setattr(rbac_module.RBACService.DatasetAccess, "replace_whitelist", fake_replace_whitelist)
+    def _record_transaction_end(session: Session, transaction: object) -> None:
+        nonlocal read_transaction_ended
+        del transaction
+        if session.get_bind() is rbac_session.get_bind():
+            read_transaction_ended = True
 
-    command_module.migrate_dataset_permissions_to_rbac.callback(
-        tenant_id=None,
-        dataset_id=None,
-        batch_size=500,
-        dry_run=False,
-    )
+    sa.event.listen(Session, "after_transaction_end", _record_transaction_end)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(rbac_module.RBACService.DatasetAccess, "replace_whitelist", fake_replace_whitelist)
+    try:
+        command_module.migrate_dataset_permissions_to_rbac.callback(
+            tenant_id=None,
+            dataset_id=None,
+            batch_size=500,
+            dry_run=False,
+        )
+    finally:
+        sa.event.remove(Session, "after_transaction_end", _record_transaction_end)
 
     assert calls[0]["tenant_id"] == "tenant-1"
     assert calls[0]["account_id"] == "creator-account-1"
@@ -422,41 +439,19 @@ def test_dataset_permission_rbac_migration_uses_dataset_creator_as_operator(
 
 def test_dataset_permission_rbac_migration_dry_run_outputs_structured_proposed_changes(
     command_module,
+    rbac_session: Session,
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
 ) -> None:
     rbac_module = importlib.import_module("commands.rbac")
-    dataset_row = SimpleNamespace(
-        id="dataset-1",
-        tenant_id="tenant-1",
-        permission="partial_members",
-        created_by="creator-account-1",
+    dataset = _persist_dataset(rbac_session, permission=DatasetPermissionEnum.PARTIAL_TEAM)
+    rbac_session.add(
+        DatasetPermission(
+            dataset_id=dataset.id,
+            account_id="member-account-1",
+            tenant_id=dataset.tenant_id,
+        )
     )
-    permission_row = SimpleNamespace(dataset_id="dataset-1", account_id="member-account-1")
-    execute_results = [[dataset_row], [permission_row], []]
-
-    class FakeExecuteResult:
-        def __init__(self, rows: list[object]) -> None:
-            self._rows = rows
-
-        def all(self) -> list[object]:
-            return self._rows
-
-    class FakeSession:
-        def __enter__(self):
-            return self
-
-        def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, traceback) -> None:
-            pass
-
-        def execute(self, stmt):
-            return FakeExecuteResult(execute_results.pop(0))
-
-    class FakeSessionFactory:
-        @staticmethod
-        def create_session() -> FakeSession:
-            return FakeSession()
-
-    monkeypatch.setattr(rbac_module, "session_factory", FakeSessionFactory)
+    rbac_session.commit()
     monkeypatch.setattr(
         rbac_module.RBACService.DatasetAccess,
         "replace_whitelist",
@@ -1306,50 +1301,36 @@ def test_provider_models_processing_uses_same_plan_locking_and_transaction_entry
     begin_calls: list[str] = []
     configure_calls: list[str] = []
 
-    class _FakeBeginContext:
-        def __init__(self, phase: str) -> None:
-            self._phase = phase
+    def _record_begin(session: Session, transaction: SessionTransaction) -> None:
+        if session.get_bind() is sqlite_engine and transaction.parent is None:
+            begin_calls.append(current_phase["name"])
 
-        def __enter__(self) -> None:
-            begin_calls.append(self._phase)
-
-        def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb) -> bool:
-            return False
-
-    class _FakeSession:
-        def __init__(self, phase: str) -> None:
-            self._phase = phase
-
-        def __enter__(self):
-            return self
-
-        def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb) -> bool:
-            return False
-
-        def begin(self) -> _FakeBeginContext:
-            return _FakeBeginContext(self._phase)
-
-    def _fake_session_factory(engine: sa.Engine) -> _FakeSession:
-        return _FakeSession(current_phase["name"])
-
-    def _fake_build_plan(self, session, candidate, *, lock_rows: bool):
+    def _fake_build_plan(self, session: Session, candidate, *, lock_rows: bool):
+        assert session.get_bind() is sqlite_engine
         lock_rows_seen.append((current_phase["name"], lock_rows))
-        return SimpleNamespace(group_row_ids=[str(candidate.row.id)], winner=None, loser_rows=[])
+        return migration_module._ProviderModelGroupPlan(
+            group_row_ids=[str(candidate.row.id)],
+            winner=None,
+            loser_rows=[],
+        )
 
     def _fake_emit_plan(self, plan, *, session, tx_id: str, business_key: dict[str, object]) -> None:
         return None
 
-    def _fake_configure(self, session) -> None:
+    def _fake_configure(self, session: Session) -> None:
+        assert session.get_bind() is sqlite_engine
         configure_calls.append(current_phase["name"])
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr(migration_module, "_session_factory", _fake_session_factory)
     monkeypatch.setattr(migration_module.Migration, "_build_provider_model_group_plan", _fake_build_plan)
     monkeypatch.setattr(migration_module.Migration, "_emit_provider_model_group_plan", _fake_emit_plan)
     monkeypatch.setattr(migration_module.Migration, "_configure_lock_timeout", _fake_configure)
-
-    dry_migration._process_provider_model_group(candidate, business_key)
-    current_phase["name"] = "apply"
-    apply_migration._process_provider_model_group(candidate, business_key)
+    sa.event.listen(Session, "after_transaction_create", _record_begin)
+    try:
+        dry_migration._process_provider_model_group(candidate, business_key)
+        current_phase["name"] = "apply"
+        apply_migration._process_provider_model_group(candidate, business_key)
+    finally:
+        sa.event.remove(Session, "after_transaction_create", _record_begin)
 
     assert [phase for phase, _ in lock_rows_seen] == ["dry", "apply"]
     assert lock_rows_seen[0][1] == lock_rows_seen[1][1]
@@ -1392,6 +1373,22 @@ def test_process_load_balancing_model_config_row_logs_stacktrace_for_lock_timeou
     sqlite_engine: sa.Engine,
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
 ) -> None:
+    create_minimal_legacy_model_type_schema(sqlite_engine)
+    created_at = datetime(2025, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0)
+    _insert_load_balancing_model_config(
+        sqlite_engine,
+        row_id="40000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001",
+        tenant_id="tenant-1",
+        provider_name="openai",
+        model_name="gpt-4o-mini",
+        model_type="text-generation",
+        name="credential",
+        encrypted_config="{}",
+        credential_id="50000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001",
+        enabled=True,
+        created_at=created_at,
+        updated_at=created_at,
+    )
     output = io.StringIO()
     migration = migration_module.Migration(
         tenant_id="tenant-1",
@@ -1401,37 +1398,18 @@ def test_process_load_balancing_model_config_row_logs_stacktrace_for_lock_timeou
         model_types=(ModelType.LLM,),
         orm_models=(migration_module.LoadBalancingModelConfig,),
     )
-    candidate = migration_module._RowWithRawModelType(
-        row=SimpleNamespace(id="lb-row-1"),
-        raw_model_type="text-generation",
-        canonical_model_type=ModelType.LLM,
-    )
+    candidate = migration._load_load_balancing_model_config_candidates(None)[0]
     lock_timeout_exc = OperationalError("SELECT 1", {}, SimpleNamespace(pgcode="55P03"))
+    transaction_begins = 0
 
-    class _FakeBeginContext:
-        def __enter__(self) -> None:
-            return None
-
-        def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb) -> bool:
-            return False
-
-    class _FakeSession:
-        def __enter__(self):
-            return self
-
-        def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb) -> bool:
-            return False
-
-        def begin(self) -> _FakeBeginContext:
-            return _FakeBeginContext()
-
-    def _fake_session_factory(engine: sa.Engine) -> _FakeSession:
-        return _FakeSession()
+    def _record_begin(session: Session, transaction: SessionTransaction) -> None:
+        nonlocal transaction_begins
+        if session.get_bind() is sqlite_engine and transaction.parent is None:
+            transaction_begins += 1
 
     def _fake_reload(self, session, original_candidate, *, lock_rows: bool):
         raise lock_timeout_exc
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr(migration_module, "_session_factory", _fake_session_factory)
     monkeypatch.setattr(migration_module.Migration, "_configure_lock_timeout", lambda self, session: None)
     monkeypatch.setattr(
         migration_module.Migration,
@@ -1439,17 +1417,22 @@ def test_process_load_balancing_model_config_row_logs_stacktrace_for_lock_timeou
         _fake_reload,
     )
 
-    migration._process_load_balancing_model_config_row(candidate)
+    sa.event.listen(Session, "after_transaction_create", _record_begin)
+    try:
+        migration._process_load_balancing_model_config_row(candidate)
+    finally:
+        sa.event.remove(Session, "after_transaction_create", _record_begin)
 
     lines = _parse_json_lines(output)
     assert len(lines) == 1
     assert lines[0]["event"] == "lock_timeout_skipped"
     attrs = cast(dict[str, object], lines[0]["attrs"])
     assert attrs["table_name"] == "load_balancing_model_configs"
-    assert attrs["id"] == "lb-row-1"
+    assert attrs["id"] == str(candidate.row.id)
     assert attrs["error"] == str(lock_timeout_exc)
     assert isinstance(attrs["stacktrace"], str)
     assert "OperationalError" in attrs["stacktrace"]
+    assert transaction_begins == 1
 
 
 def test_process_load_balancing_model_config_row_logs_update_after_sql_execution(
@@ -1457,6 +1440,23 @@ def test_process_load_balancing_model_config_row_logs_update_after_sql_execution
     sqlite_engine: sa.Engine,
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
 ) -> None:
+    create_minimal_legacy_model_type_schema(sqlite_engine)
+    created_at = datetime(2025, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0)
+    row_id = "40000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002"
+    _insert_load_balancing_model_config(
+        sqlite_engine,
+        row_id=row_id,
+        tenant_id="tenant-1",
+        provider_name="openai",
+        model_name="gpt-4o-mini",
+        model_type="text-generation",
+        name="credential",
+        encrypted_config="{}",
+        credential_id="50000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002",
+        enabled=True,
+        created_at=created_at,
+        updated_at=created_at,
+    )
     migration = migration_module.Migration(
         tenant_id="tenant-1",
         engine=sqlite_engine,
@@ -1465,42 +1465,33 @@ def test_process_load_balancing_model_config_row_logs_update_after_sql_execution
         model_types=(ModelType.LLM,),
         orm_models=(migration_module.LoadBalancingModelConfig,),
     )
-    candidate = migration_module._RowWithRawModelType(
-        row=SimpleNamespace(id="lb-row-1"),
-        raw_model_type="text-generation",
-        canonical_model_type=ModelType.LLM,
-    )
+    candidate = migration._load_load_balancing_model_config_candidates(None)[0]
     action_log: list[str] = []
 
-    class _FakeBeginContext:
-        def __enter__(self) -> None:
+    def _record_begin(session: Session, transaction: SessionTransaction) -> None:
+        if session.get_bind() is sqlite_engine and transaction.parent is None:
             action_log.append("begin")
 
-        def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb) -> bool:
-            return False
-
-    class _FakeSession:
-        def __enter__(self):
-            return self
-
-        def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb) -> bool:
-            return False
-
-        def begin(self) -> _FakeBeginContext:
-            return _FakeBeginContext()
-
-        def execute(self, stmt) -> None:
+    def _record_sql(
+        connection: sa.Connection,
+        cursor: object,
+        statement: str,
+        parameters: object,
+        context: object,
+        executemany: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        del connection, cursor, parameters, context, executemany
+        if statement.lstrip().upper().startswith("UPDATE"):
             action_log.append("sql_execute")
 
-    def _fake_session_factory(engine: sa.Engine) -> _FakeSession:
-        return _FakeSession()
-
     def _fake_configure(self, session) -> None:
         action_log.append("configure_lock_timeout")
 
-    def _fake_reload(self, session, original_candidate, *, lock_rows: bool):
+    original_reload = migration_module.Migration._reload_load_balancing_model_config_candidate
+
+    def _record_reload(self, session: Session, original_candidate, *, lock_rows: bool):
         action_log.append(f"reload_candidate:{lock_rows}")
-        return candidate
+        return original_reload(self, session, original_candidate, lock_rows=lock_rows)
 
     def _fake_log_row_updated(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
         action_log.append("log_row_updated")
@@ -1508,12 +1499,11 @@ def test_process_load_balancing_model_config_row_logs_update_after_sql_execution
     def _fake_cache_cleanup(self, *, row_id: str, tx_id: str) -> None:
         action_log.append("cache_cleanup")
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr(migration_module, "_session_factory", _fake_session_factory)
     monkeypatch.setattr(migration_module.Migration, "_configure_lock_timeout", _fake_configure)
     monkeypatch.setattr(
         migration_module.Migration,
         "_reload_load_balancing_model_config_candidate",
-        _fake_reload,
+        _record_reload,
     )
     monkeypatch.setattr(migration_module.Migration, "_log_row_updated", _fake_log_row_updated)
     monkeypatch.setattr(
@@ -1522,7 +1512,13 @@ def test_process_load_balancing_model_config_row_logs_update_after_sql_execution
         _fake_cache_cleanup,
     )
 
-    migration._process_load_balancing_model_config_row(candidate)
+    sa.event.listen(Session, "after_transaction_create", _record_begin)
+    sa.event.listen(sqlite_engine, "before_cursor_execute", _record_sql)
+    try:
+        migration._process_load_balancing_model_config_row(candidate)
+    finally:
+        sa.event.remove(sqlite_engine, "before_cursor_execute", _record_sql)
+        sa.event.remove(Session, "after_transaction_create", _record_begin)
 
     assert action_log == [
         "begin",
@@ -1532,6 +1528,10 @@ def test_process_load_balancing_model_config_row_logs_update_after_sql_execution
         "log_row_updated",
         "cache_cleanup",
     ]
+    with Session(sqlite_engine) as session:
+        persisted = session.get(migration_module.LoadBalancingModelConfig, row_id)
+        assert persisted is not None
+        assert persisted.model_type == ModelType.LLM
 
 
 def test_load_balancing_model_config_cache_delete_failure_logs_stacktrace(

api/tests/unit_tests/configs/test_env_consistency.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from dotenv import dotenv_values
 
 BASE_API_AND_DOCKER_CONFIG_SET_DIFF: frozenset[str] = frozenset(
     (
+        "AGENT_BACKEND_API_TOKEN",
         "APP_MAX_EXECUTION_TIME",
         "BATCH_UPLOAD_LIMIT",
         "CELERY_BEAT_SCHEDULER_TIME",
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ BASE_API_AND_DOCKER_CONFIG_SET_DIFF: frozenset[str] = frozenset(
 
 BASE_API_AND_DOCKER_COMPOSE_CONFIG_SET_DIFF: frozenset[str] = frozenset(
     (
+        "AGENT_BACKEND_API_TOKEN",
         "BATCH_UPLOAD_LIMIT",
         "CELERY_BEAT_SCHEDULER_TIME",
         "HTTP_REQUEST_MAX_CONNECT_TIMEOUT",

api/tests/unit_tests/conftest.py

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 import os
+import shutil
 from collections.abc import Iterator
+from pathlib import Path
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
 from flask import Flask
 from sqlalchemy import create_engine
-from sqlalchemy.engine import Engine
+from sqlalchemy.engine import URL, Engine
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, sessionmaker
 
 # Getting the absolute path of the current file's directory
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ os.environ.setdefault("OPENDAL_SCHEME", "fs")
 os.environ.setdefault("OPENDAL_FS_ROOT", "/tmp/dify-storage")
 os.environ.setdefault("STORAGE_TYPE", "opendal")
 
-from core.db.session_factory import configure_session_factory, session_factory
+import core.db.session_factory as session_factory_module
 from extensions import ext_redis
 from models.account import Account, Tenant, TenantAccountJoin, TenantAccountRole
 from models.base import TypeBase
@@ -111,42 +113,70 @@ def reset_secret_key():
         dify_config.SECRET_KEY = original
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
-def _unit_test_engine():
-    engine = create_engine("sqlite:///:memory:")
-    yield engine
-    engine.dispose()
-
-
 @pytest.fixture
-def sqlite_engine() -> Iterator[Engine]:
-    """Create an isolated in-memory SQLite engine for tests that need a disposable database."""
+def _sqlite_engine(_sqlite_database_template: Path, tmp_path: Path) -> Iterator[Engine]:
+    """Create an engine over a pristine per-test copy of the SQLite schema."""
+
+    database_path = tmp_path / "unit-tests.sqlite3"
+    shutil.copyfile(_sqlite_database_template, database_path)
+    engine = create_engine(URL.create("sqlite", database=str(database_path)))
 
-    engine = create_engine("sqlite:///:memory:")
     try:
         yield engine
     finally:
         engine.dispose()
+        database_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
 
 
-@pytest.fixture
-def sqlite_session(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, sqlite_engine: Engine) -> Iterator[Session]:
-    """Yield a SQLite session after creating the model tables passed through ``request.param``."""
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def _sqlite_database_template(tmp_path_factory: pytest.TempPathFactory) -> Path:
+    """Create one empty full-schema SQLite database per pytest worker."""
 
-    models: tuple[type[TypeBase], ...] = request.param
-    tables = [model.metadata.tables[model.__tablename__] for model in models]
-    TypeBase.metadata.create_all(sqlite_engine, tables=tables)
-    session_factory = sessionmaker(bind=sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False)
-    with session_factory() as session:
-        yield session
+    database_path = tmp_path_factory.mktemp("sqlite-template") / "unit-tests.sqlite3"
+    engine = create_engine(URL.create("sqlite", database=str(database_path)))
+    try:
+        TypeBase.metadata.create_all(engine)
+    finally:
+        engine.dispose()
+    return database_path
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
-def _configure_session_factory(_unit_test_engine):
-    try:
-        session_factory.get_session_maker()
-    except RuntimeError:
-        configure_session_factory(_unit_test_engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+def _sqlite_session_factory(
+    _sqlite_engine: Engine,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> sessionmaker[Session]:
+    """Bind all unit-test Sessions to the pristine full-schema SQLite database."""
+
+    factory = sessionmaker(bind=_sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(session_factory_module, "_session_maker", factory)
+    return factory
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sqlite_engine(_sqlite_engine: Engine) -> Engine:
+    """Expose the pristine full-schema SQLite engine to tests."""
+
+    return _sqlite_engine
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sqlite_session_factory(_sqlite_session_factory: sessionmaker[Session]) -> sessionmaker[Session]:
+    """Expose the shared SQLite session factory to tests."""
+
+    return _sqlite_session_factory
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sqlite_session(_sqlite_session_factory: sessionmaker[Session]) -> Iterator[Session]:
+    """Yield a session over the pristine full-schema SQLite database.
+
+    Legacy indirect model parameters remain accepted by pytest but are ignored.
+    Remove those decorators as their test files receive individual review.
+    """
+
+    with _sqlite_session_factory() as session:
+        yield session
 
 
 def persist_service_api_tenant_owner(session: Session, tenant: Tenant, owner: Account) -> TenantAccountJoin:

api/tests/unit_tests/controllers/console/app/test_app_response_models.py

@@ -708,6 +708,121 @@ def test_app_list_api_attaches_permission_keys(app, app_module):
     assert resp["data"][0]["permission_keys"] == ["app.acl.view_layout", "app.acl.edit"]
 
 
+def test_recent_app_list_api_returns_only_home_card_fields(app, app_module):
+    method = app_module.RecentAppListApi.get
+    while hasattr(method, "__wrapped__"):
+        method = method.__wrapped__
+
+    recent_app = SimpleNamespace(
+        id="app-1",
+        name="Recent App",
+        icon_type="emoji",
+        icon="🚀",
+        icon_background="#FFFFFF",
+        mode="chat",
+        author_name="Recent Author",
+        updated_at=_ts(15),
+        maintainer="acct-1",
+    )
+    get_recent_apps = MagicMock(return_value=[recent_app])
+
+    with app.test_request_context("/apps/recent?limit=8"):
+        with pytest.MonkeyPatch.context() as monkeypatch:
+            monkeypatch.setattr(dify_config, "RBAC_ENABLED", False)
+            monkeypatch.setattr(app_module.AppService, "get_recent_apps", get_recent_apps)
+            monkeypatch.setattr(
+                app_module.enterprise_rbac_service.RBACService.MyPermissions,
+                "get",
+                lambda tenant_id, account_id, session: app_module.enterprise_rbac_service.MyPermissionsResponse(
+                    app=app_module.enterprise_rbac_service.ResourcePermissionSnapshot(
+                        overrides=[
+                            app_module.enterprise_rbac_service.ResourcePermissionKeys(
+                                resource_id="app-1",
+                                permission_keys=["app.acl.monitor"],
+                            )
+                        ]
+                    )
+                ),
+            )
+
+            resp, status = method(app_module.RecentAppListApi(), "tenant-1", "acct-1", MagicMock())
+
+    assert status == 200
+    assert resp == {
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "id": "app-1",
+                "name": "Recent App",
+                "icon_type": "emoji",
+                "icon": "🚀",
+                "icon_background": "#FFFFFF",
+                "mode": "chat",
+                "author_name": "Recent Author",
+                "updated_at": int(_ts(15).timestamp()),
+                "permission_keys": ["app.acl.monitor"],
+                "maintainer": "acct-1",
+                "icon_url": None,
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+    params = get_recent_apps.call_args.args[2]
+    assert params.limit == 8
+    assert "total" not in resp
+    assert "description" not in resp["data"][0]
+    assert "tags" not in resp["data"][0]
+    assert "workflow" not in resp["data"][0]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", ["channel", "rag-pipeline", "agent"])
+def test_recent_app_response_rejects_non_home_app_modes(app_module, mode: str) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+        app_module.RecentAppResponse.model_validate(
+            {
+                "id": "app-1",
+                "name": "Recent App",
+                "mode": mode,
+                "updated_at": _ts(),
+            }
+        )
+
+
+def test_recent_app_list_api_applies_rbac_visibility_filter(app, app_module):
+    method = app_module.RecentAppListApi.get
+    while hasattr(method, "__wrapped__"):
+        method = method.__wrapped__
+
+    get_recent_apps = MagicMock(return_value=[])
+    with app.test_request_context("/apps/recent"):
+        with pytest.MonkeyPatch.context() as monkeypatch:
+            monkeypatch.setattr(dify_config, "RBAC_ENABLED", True)
+            monkeypatch.setattr(app_module.AppService, "get_recent_apps", get_recent_apps)
+            monkeypatch.setattr(
+                app_module.enterprise_rbac_service.RBACService.MyPermissions,
+                "get",
+                lambda tenant_id, account_id, session: app_module.enterprise_rbac_service.MyPermissionsResponse(
+                    workspace=app_module.enterprise_rbac_service.WorkspacePermissionSnapshot(
+                        permission_keys=["app.create_and_management"]
+                    )
+                ),
+            )
+            monkeypatch.setattr(
+                app_module.enterprise_rbac_service.RBACService.AppAccess,
+                "whitelist_resources",
+                lambda tenant_id, account_id: SimpleNamespace(
+                    unrestricted=False,
+                    resource_ids=["app-shared"],
+                ),
+            )
+
+            resp, status = method(app_module.RecentAppListApi(), "tenant-1", "acct-1", MagicMock())
+
+    assert status == 200
+    assert resp == {"data": []}
+    params = get_recent_apps.call_args.args[2]
+    assert params.accessible_app_ids == ["app-shared"]
+    assert params.include_own_apps is True
+
+
 def test_app_list_api_limits_to_apps_created_by_current_user_without_view_permission(app, app_module):
     method = app_module.AppListApi.get
     while hasattr(method, "__wrapped__"):

api/tests/unit_tests/controllers/console/datasets/test_data_source.py

@@ -1,18 +1,22 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import inspect
-from collections.abc import Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
 from datetime import UTC, datetime
-from typing import cast
+from typing import Literal, cast
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, PropertyMock, patch
-from uuid import uuid4
+from uuid import UUID
 
 import pytest
 from flask import Flask
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+from werkzeug.exceptions import NotFound
 
 from controllers.console.datasets import data_source as module
 from controllers.console.datasets.data_source import DataSourceApi, DataSourceNotionListApi
 from models import Account, DataSourceOauthBinding
+from models.engine import db
 
 ControllerMethod = Callable[..., tuple[dict[str, object], int]]
 
@@ -22,10 +26,15 @@ def unwrap(func: object) -> ControllerMethod:
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def flask_app() -> Flask:
+def flask_app() -> Iterator[Flask]:
     app = Flask(__name__)
     app.config["TESTING"] = True
-    return app
+    app.config["SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI"] = "sqlite:///:memory:"
+    db.init_app(app)
+
+    with app.app_context():
+        DataSourceOauthBinding.__table__.create(db.engine)
+        yield app
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -35,9 +44,13 @@ def current_user() -> Account:
     return account
 
 
-def test_get_data_source_integrates_serializes_orm_binding(flask_app: Flask) -> None:
+TENANT_ID = "11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111"
+BINDING_ID = "22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222"
+
+
+def _add_binding(session: Session, *, disabled: bool) -> DataSourceOauthBinding:
     binding = DataSourceOauthBinding(
-        tenant_id="tenant-1",
+        tenant_id=TENANT_ID,
         access_token="token",
         provider="notion",
         source_info={
@@ -55,24 +68,31 @@ def test_get_data_source_integrates_serializes_orm_binding(flask_app: Flask) ->
                 }
             ],
         },
+        disabled=disabled,
     )
-    binding.id = "binding-1"
+    binding.id = BINDING_ID
     binding.created_at = datetime(2026, 5, 25, 1, 2, 3, tzinfo=UTC)
-    binding.disabled = False
+    session.add(binding)
+    session.commit()
+    return binding
 
-    with (
-        flask_app.test_request_context("/"),
-        patch.object(module.db.session, "scalars", return_value=MagicMock(all=lambda: [binding])),
-    ):
-        response, status = unwrap(DataSourceApi().get)(DataSourceApi(), "tenant-1")
+
+def test_get_data_source_integrates_serializes_orm_binding(
+    flask_app: Flask,
+) -> None:
+    binding = _add_binding(db.session, disabled=False)
+    expected_created_at = int(binding.created_at.timestamp())
+
+    with flask_app.test_request_context("/"):
+        response, status = unwrap(DataSourceApi().get)(DataSourceApi(), TENANT_ID)
 
     assert status == 200
     assert response == {
         "data": [
             {
-                "id": "binding-1",
+                "id": BINDING_ID,
                 "provider": "notion",
-                "created_at": 1779670923,
+                "created_at": expected_created_at,
                 "is_bound": True,
                 "disabled": False,
                 "source_info": {
@@ -96,34 +116,75 @@ def test_get_data_source_integrates_serializes_orm_binding(flask_app: Flask) ->
     }
 
 
-def test_get_data_source_integrates_preserves_empty_list_when_no_binding(flask_app: Flask) -> None:
-    with (
-        flask_app.test_request_context("/"),
-        patch.object(module.db.session, "scalars", return_value=MagicMock(all=lambda: [])),
-    ):
-        response, status = unwrap(DataSourceApi().get)(DataSourceApi(), "tenant-1")
+def test_get_data_source_integrates_preserves_empty_list_when_no_binding(
+    flask_app: Flask,
+) -> None:
+    with flask_app.test_request_context("/"):
+        response, status = unwrap(DataSourceApi().get)(DataSourceApi(), TENANT_ID)
 
     assert status == 200
     assert response == {"data": []}
 
 
-def test_patch_data_source_binding_uses_injected_session(flask_app: Flask) -> None:
-    binding = MagicMock(disabled=True)
-    session = MagicMock()
-    session.scalar.return_value = binding
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("disabled", "action", "expected_disabled"),
+    [(True, "enable", False), (False, "disable", True)],
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(DataSourceOauthBinding,)], indirect=True)
+def test_patch_data_source_binding_updates_state(
+    flask_app: Flask,
+    sqlite_session: Session,
+    disabled: bool,
+    action: Literal["enable", "disable"],
+    expected_disabled: bool,
+) -> None:
+    _add_binding(sqlite_session, disabled=disabled)
+    sqlite_session.expunge_all()
 
     with flask_app.test_request_context("/"):
-        response, status = unwrap(DataSourceApi().patch)(DataSourceApi(), session, "tenant-1", uuid4(), "enable")
+        response, status = unwrap(DataSourceApi().patch)(
+            DataSourceApi(), sqlite_session, TENANT_ID, UUID(BINDING_ID), action
+        )
 
+    sqlite_session.flush()
+    sqlite_session.expire_all()
+    binding = sqlite_session.scalar(select(DataSourceOauthBinding).where(DataSourceOauthBinding.id == BINDING_ID))
     assert status == 200
     assert response == {"result": "success"}
-    assert binding.disabled is False
-    session.scalar.assert_called_once()
-    session.add.assert_not_called()
-    session.commit.assert_not_called()
+    assert binding is not None
+    assert binding.disabled is expected_disabled
 
 
-def test_notion_pre_import_pages_serializes_frontend_list_shape(flask_app: Flask, current_user: Account) -> None:
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(DataSourceOauthBinding,)], indirect=True)
+def test_patch_data_source_binding_rejects_unknown_binding(
+    flask_app: Flask,
+    sqlite_session: Session,
+) -> None:
+    with flask_app.test_request_context("/"), pytest.raises(NotFound, match="Data source binding not found"):
+        unwrap(DataSourceApi().patch)(DataSourceApi(), sqlite_session, TENANT_ID, UUID(BINDING_ID), "enable")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("disabled", "action"), [(False, "enable"), (True, "disable")])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(DataSourceOauthBinding,)], indirect=True)
+def test_patch_data_source_binding_rejects_current_state(
+    flask_app: Flask,
+    sqlite_session: Session,
+    disabled: bool,
+    action: Literal["enable", "disable"],
+) -> None:
+    _add_binding(sqlite_session, disabled=disabled)
+    sqlite_session.expunge_all()
+
+    with flask_app.test_request_context("/"), pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        unwrap(DataSourceApi().patch)(DataSourceApi(), sqlite_session, TENANT_ID, UUID(BINDING_ID), action)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [()], indirect=True)
+def test_notion_pre_import_pages_serializes_frontend_list_shape(
+    flask_app: Flask,
+    current_user: Account,
+    sqlite_session: Session,
+) -> None:
     page = MagicMock(
         page_id="page-1",
         page_name="Page",
@@ -145,8 +206,6 @@ def test_notion_pre_import_pages_serializes_frontend_list_shape(flask_app: Flask
         get_online_document_pages=MagicMock(return_value=iter([online_document_message])),
         datasource_provider_type=MagicMock(return_value="online_document"),
     )
-    session = MagicMock()
-
     with (
         flask_app.test_request_context("/?credential_id=credential-1"),
         patch.object(
@@ -158,7 +217,7 @@ def test_notion_pre_import_pages_serializes_frontend_list_shape(flask_app: Flask
         patch("core.datasource.datasource_manager.DatasourceManager.get_datasource_runtime", return_value=runtime),
     ):
         response, status = unwrap(DataSourceNotionListApi().get)(
-            DataSourceNotionListApi(), session, "tenant-1", current_user
+            DataSourceNotionListApi(), sqlite_session, "tenant-1", current_user
         )
 
     assert status == 200
@@ -183,3 +242,38 @@ def test_notion_pre_import_pages_serializes_frontend_list_shape(flask_app: Flask
     }
     runtime.get_online_document_pages.assert_called_once()
     assert runtime.get_online_document_pages.call_args.kwargs["datasource_parameters"] == {}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [()], indirect=True)
+def test_notion_pre_import_pages_rejects_missing_credential(
+    flask_app: Flask,
+    current_user: Account,
+    sqlite_session: Session,
+) -> None:
+    with (
+        flask_app.test_request_context("/?credential_id=credential-1"),
+        patch.object(module.DatasourceProviderService, "get_datasource_credentials", return_value=None),
+        pytest.raises(NotFound, match="Credential not found"),
+    ):
+        unwrap(DataSourceNotionListApi().get)(DataSourceNotionListApi(), sqlite_session, TENANT_ID, current_user)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [()], indirect=True)
+def test_notion_pre_import_pages_rejects_non_notion_dataset(
+    flask_app: Flask,
+    current_user: Account,
+    sqlite_session: Session,
+) -> None:
+    dataset = MagicMock(data_source_type="other_type")
+
+    with (
+        flask_app.test_request_context("/?credential_id=credential-1&dataset_id=dataset-1"),
+        patch.object(
+            module.DatasourceProviderService,
+            "get_datasource_credentials",
+            return_value={"token": "token"},
+        ),
+        patch.object(module.DatasetService, "get_dataset", return_value=dataset),
+        pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Dataset is not notion type"),
+    ):
+        unwrap(DataSourceNotionListApi().get)(DataSourceNotionListApi(), sqlite_session, TENANT_ID, current_user)

api/tests/unit_tests/controllers/console/datasets/test_data_source_notion_apis.py

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+"""Unit tests for controllers.console.datasets.data_source Notion endpoints."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+from flask import Flask
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+from werkzeug.exceptions import NotFound
+
+from controllers.console.datasets.data_source import (
+    DataSourceNotionDatasetSyncApi,
+    DataSourceNotionDocumentSyncApi,
+    DataSourceNotionIndexingEstimateApi,
+    DataSourceNotionPreviewApi,
+)
+from core.rag.index_processor.constant.index_type import IndexStructureType
+from models import Account
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def current_user() -> Account:
+    account = Account(name="Test User", email="u1@example.com")
+    account.id = "u1"
+    return account
+
+
+class TestDataSourceNotionPreviewApi:
+    def test_get_preview_success(self, app: Flask) -> None:
+        api = DataSourceNotionPreviewApi()
+        method = inspect.unwrap(api.get)
+
+        extractor = MagicMock(extract=lambda: [MagicMock(page_content="hello")])
+
+        with (
+            app.test_request_context("/?credential_id=c1"),
+            patch(
+                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasourceProviderService.get_datasource_credentials",
+                return_value={"integration_secret": "t"},
+            ),
+            patch(
+                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.NotionExtractor",
+                return_value=extractor,
+            ),
+        ):
+            response, status = method(api, "tenant-1", "p1", "page")
+
+        assert status == 200
+
+
+class TestDataSourceNotionIndexingEstimateApi:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [()], indirect=True)
+    def test_post_indexing_estimate_success(self, app: Flask, sqlite_session: Session) -> None:
+        api = DataSourceNotionIndexingEstimateApi()
+        method = inspect.unwrap(api.post)
+
+        empty_rules: dict[str, object] = {}
+        payload: dict[str, object] = {
+            "notion_info_list": [
+                {
+                    "workspace_id": "w1",
+                    "credential_id": "c1",
+                    "pages": [{"page_id": "p1", "type": "page"}],
+                }
+            ],
+            "process_rule": {"rules": empty_rules},
+            "doc_form": IndexStructureType.PARAGRAPH_INDEX,
+            "doc_language": "English",
+        }
+
+        with (
+            app.test_request_context("/", method="POST", json=payload, headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"}),
+            patch(
+                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DocumentService.estimate_args_validate",
+            ),
+            patch(
+                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.IndexingRunner.indexing_estimate",
+                return_value=MagicMock(model_dump=lambda: {"total_pages": 1}),
+            ),
+        ):
+            response, status = method(api, sqlite_session, "tenant-1")
+
+        assert status == 200
+
+
+class TestDataSourceNotionDatasetSyncApi:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [()], indirect=True)
+    def test_get_success(self, app: Flask, sqlite_session: Session) -> None:
+        api = DataSourceNotionDatasetSyncApi()
+        method = inspect.unwrap(api.get)
+
+        with (
+            app.test_request_context("/"),
+            patch(
+                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasetService.get_dataset",
+                return_value=MagicMock(),
+            ),
+            patch(
+                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DocumentService.get_document_by_dataset_id",
+                return_value=[MagicMock(id="d1")],
+            ),
+            patch(
+                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.document_indexing_sync_task.delay",
+                return_value=None,
+            ),
+        ):
+            response, status = method(api, sqlite_session, "ds-1")
+
+        assert status == 200
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [()], indirect=True)
+    def test_get_dataset_not_found(self, app: Flask, sqlite_session: Session) -> None:
+        api = DataSourceNotionDatasetSyncApi()
+        method = inspect.unwrap(api.get)
+
+        with (
+            app.test_request_context("/"),
+            patch(
+                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasetService.get_dataset",
+                return_value=None,
+            ),
+        ):
+            with pytest.raises(NotFound):
+                method(api, sqlite_session, "ds-1")
+
+
+class TestDataSourceNotionDocumentSyncApi:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [()], indirect=True)
+    def test_get_success(self, app: Flask, sqlite_session: Session) -> None:
+        api = DataSourceNotionDocumentSyncApi()
+        method = inspect.unwrap(api.get)
+
+        with (
+            app.test_request_context("/"),
+            patch(
+                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasetService.get_dataset",
+                return_value=MagicMock(),
+            ),
+            patch(
+                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DocumentService.get_document",
+                return_value=MagicMock(),
+            ),
+            patch(
+                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.document_indexing_sync_task.delay",
+                return_value=None,
+            ),
+        ):
+            response, status = method(api, sqlite_session, "ds-1", "doc-1")
+
+        assert status == 200
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [()], indirect=True)
+    def test_get_document_not_found(self, app: Flask, sqlite_session: Session) -> None:
+        api = DataSourceNotionDocumentSyncApi()
+        method = inspect.unwrap(api.get)
+
+        with (
+            app.test_request_context("/"),
+            patch(
+                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DatasetService.get_dataset",
+                return_value=MagicMock(),
+            ),
+            patch(
+                "controllers.console.datasets.data_source.DocumentService.get_document",
+                return_value=None,
+            ),
+        ):
+            with pytest.raises(NotFound):
+                method(api, sqlite_session, "ds-1", "doc-1")

api/tests/unit_tests/controllers/console/workspace/test_model_providers.py

@@ -15,11 +15,9 @@ from controllers.console.workspace.model_providers import (
     ModelProviderIconApi,
     ModelProviderListApi,
     ModelProviderPaymentCheckoutUrlApi,
-    ModelProviderSummaryListApi,
     ModelProviderValidateApi,
     PreferredProviderTypeUpdateApi,
 )
-from core.entities.provider_entities import CredentialConfiguration
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.common_entities import I18nObject
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import ModelType
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.provider_entities import ConfigurateMethod
@@ -29,10 +27,6 @@ from models.provider import ProviderType
 from services.entities.model_provider_entities import (
     CustomConfigurationResponse,
     CustomConfigurationStatus,
-    ModelProviderCustomConfigurationSummaryResponse,
-    ModelProviderPluginSummaryResponse,
-    ModelProviderSummaryResponse,
-    ModelProviderSystemConfigurationSummaryResponse,
     ProviderResponse,
     SystemConfigurationResponse,
 )
@@ -146,80 +140,6 @@ class TestModelProviderListApi:
         assert result == {"data": []}
 
 
-class TestModelProviderSummaryListApi:
-    def test_get_success(self, app: Flask):
-        api = ModelProviderSummaryListApi()
-        method = unwrap(api.get)
-        provider = ModelProviderSummaryResponse(
-            tenant_id="tenant1",
-            provider="langgenius/openai/openai",
-            plugin_id="langgenius/openai",
-            label=I18nObject(en_US="OpenAI"),
-            description=I18nObject(en_US="OpenAI models"),
-            icon_small=I18nObject(en_US="icon.svg"),
-            icon_small_dark=None,
-            supported_model_types=[ModelType.LLM],
-            configurate_methods=[ConfigurateMethod.PREDEFINED_MODEL],
-            preferred_provider_type=ProviderType.CUSTOM,
-            is_configured=True,
-            custom_configuration=ModelProviderCustomConfigurationSummaryResponse(
-                status=CustomConfigurationStatus.ACTIVE,
-                available_credentials=[
-                    CredentialConfiguration(
-                        credential_id=VALID_UUID,
-                        credential_name="production",
-                    ),
-                    CredentialConfiguration(
-                        credential_id="223e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000",
-                        credential_name="backup",
-                    ),
-                ],
-                current_credential_id=VALID_UUID,
-                current_credential_name="production",
-                current_credential_usable=True,
-            ),
-            system_configuration=ModelProviderSystemConfigurationSummaryResponse(enabled=False),
-        )
-        plugin = ModelProviderPluginSummaryResponse(
-            installation_id="installation-1",
-            plugin_id="langgenius/openai",
-            plugin_unique_identifier="langgenius/openai:1.0.0@checksum",
-            runtime_type="local",
-            source="marketplace",
-            version="1.0.0",
-        )
-
-        with (
-            app.test_request_context("/"),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.workspace.model_providers.ModelProviderService.get_provider_summary_list",
-                return_value=([provider], {"langgenius/openai": plugin}),
-            ) as get_provider_summary_list,
-        ):
-            result = method(api, "tenant1")
-
-        get_provider_summary_list.assert_called_once_with(tenant_id="tenant1")
-        assert result["data"][0]["provider"] == "langgenius/openai/openai"
-        assert "tenant_id" not in result["data"][0]
-        assert result["data"][0]["custom_configuration"] == {
-            "status": "active",
-            "available_credentials": [
-                {
-                    "credential_id": VALID_UUID,
-                    "credential_name": "production",
-                },
-                {
-                    "credential_id": "223e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000",
-                    "credential_name": "backup",
-                },
-            ],
-            "current_credential_id": VALID_UUID,
-            "current_credential_name": "production",
-            "current_credential_usable": True,
-        }
-        assert result["plugins"]["langgenius/openai"]["installation_id"] == "installation-1"
-
-
 class TestModelProviderCredentialApi:
     def test_get_success(self, app: Flask):
         api = ModelProviderCredentialApi()

api/tests/unit_tests/controllers/console/workspace/test_plugin.py

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ from controllers.console.workspace.plugin import (
     PluginFetchMarketplacePkgApi,
     PluginFetchPermissionApi,
     PluginIconApi,
-    PluginInstalledIdsApi,
     PluginInstallFromGithubApi,
     PluginInstallFromMarketplaceApi,
     PluginInstallFromPkgApi,
@@ -42,16 +41,12 @@ from controllers.console.workspace.plugin import (
     PluginUploadFromBundleApi,
     PluginUploadFromGithubApi,
     PluginUploadFromPkgApi,
-    _list_hardcoded_builtin_tool_providers,
 )
 from core.plugin.entities.parameters import PluginParameterOption
-from core.plugin.entities.plugin import PluginCategory, PluginDeclaration, PluginEntity, PluginInstallation
+from core.plugin.entities.plugin import PluginDeclaration, PluginEntity, PluginInstallation
 from core.plugin.entities.plugin_daemon import PluginInstallTask
 from core.plugin.impl.exc import PluginDaemonClientSideError
 from core.plugin.plugin_service import PluginService
-from core.tools.entities.api_entities import ToolProviderApiEntity
-from core.tools.entities.common_entities import I18nObject
-from core.tools.entities.tool_entities import ToolProviderType
 from models.account import (
     Account,
     TenantAccountRole,
@@ -450,7 +445,7 @@ class TestPluginCategoryListApi:
         mock_list = MagicMock(list=[plugin_item], has_more=True)
 
         with (
-            app.test_request_context("/?page=2&page_size=10&query=weather&tags=search&tags=rag&language=zh_Hans"),
+            app.test_request_context("/?page=2&page_size=10"),
             patch(
                 "controllers.console.workspace.plugin.PluginService.list_by_category", return_value=mock_list
             ) as list_mock,
@@ -461,75 +456,18 @@ class TestPluginCategoryListApi:
         ):
             result = method(api, "t1", "tool")
 
-        list_mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            "t1",
-            "tool",
-            2,
-            10,
-            query="weather",
-            tags=["search", "rag"],
-            language="zh_Hans",
-        )
+        list_mock.assert_called_once()
+        assert list_mock.call_args.args[0] == "t1"
+        assert list_mock.call_args.args[1] == "tool"
+        assert list_mock.call_args.args[2] == 2
+        assert list_mock.call_args.args[3] == 10
         assert result["plugins"][0]["id"] == "entity-1"
         assert result["plugins"][0]["plugin_unique_identifier"] == "test-author/test-plugin:1.0.0@checksum"
         assert result["builtin_tools"][0]["id"] == "builtin"
         assert result["builtin_tools"][0]["type"] == "builtin"
         assert result["has_more"] is True
         assert "total" not in result
-        builtin_mock.assert_called_once_with(
-            "t1",
-            query="weather",
-            tags=["search", "rag"],
-            language="zh_Hans",
-        )
-
-    def test_builtin_tool_providers_use_the_category_list_filters(self):
-        search_provider = ToolProviderApiEntity(
-            id="search-provider",
-            author="dify",
-            name="search-provider",
-            description=I18nObject(en_US="Search provider", zh_Hans="搜索工具"),
-            icon="icon.svg",
-            label=I18nObject(en_US="Search", zh_Hans="搜索"),
-            type=ToolProviderType.BUILT_IN,
-            labels=["search"],
-        )
-        rag_provider = ToolProviderApiEntity(
-            id="rag-provider",
-            author="dify",
-            name="rag-provider",
-            description=I18nObject(en_US="RAG provider", zh_Hans="知识库工具"),
-            icon="icon.svg",
-            label=I18nObject(en_US="RAG", zh_Hans="知识库"),
-            type=ToolProviderType.BUILT_IN,
-            labels=["rag"],
-        )
-
-        with (
-            patch("controllers.console.workspace.plugin.ToolManager.list_default_builtin_providers", return_value=[]),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.workspace.plugin.ToolManager.list_hardcoded_providers",
-                return_value=[MagicMock(), MagicMock()],
-            ),
-            patch("controllers.console.workspace.plugin.is_filtered", return_value=False),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.workspace.plugin.ToolTransformService.builtin_provider_to_user_provider",
-                side_effect=[search_provider, rag_provider],
-            ),
-            patch("controllers.console.workspace.plugin.ToolTransformService.repack_provider"),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.workspace.plugin.BuiltinToolProviderSort.sort",
-                side_effect=lambda providers: providers,
-            ),
-        ):
-            result = _list_hardcoded_builtin_tool_providers(
-                "t1",
-                query="搜索",
-                tags=["search", "weather"],
-                language="zh_Hans",
-            )
-
-        assert [provider["id"] for provider in result] == ["search-provider"]
+        builtin_mock.assert_called_once_with("t1")
 
     def test_non_tool_category_does_not_include_builtin_tools(self, app: Flask):
         api = PluginCategoryListApi()
@@ -792,39 +730,6 @@ class TestPluginListInstallationsFromIdsApi:
             assert result == ({"code": "plugin_error", "message": "error"}, 400)
 
 
-class TestPluginInstalledIdsApi:
-    def test_success(self, app: Flask):
-        api = PluginInstalledIdsApi()
-        method = unwrap(api.get)
-
-        with (
-            app.test_request_context("/?category=tool"),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.workspace.plugin.PluginService.list_installed_plugin_ids",
-                return_value=["langgenius/openai", "langgenius/anthropic"],
-            ) as list_installed_plugin_ids,
-        ):
-            result = method(api, "t1")
-
-        assert result == {"plugin_ids": ["langgenius/openai", "langgenius/anthropic"]}
-        list_installed_plugin_ids.assert_called_once_with("t1", PluginCategory.Tool)
-
-    def test_daemon_error(self, app: Flask):
-        api = PluginInstalledIdsApi()
-        method = unwrap(api.get)
-
-        with (
-            app.test_request_context("/?category=tool"),
-            patch(
-                "controllers.console.workspace.plugin.PluginService.list_installed_plugin_ids",
-                side_effect=PluginDaemonClientSideError("error"),
-            ),
-        ):
-            result = method(api, "t1")
-
-        assert result == ({"code": "plugin_error", "message": "error"}, 400)
-
-
 class TestPluginUploadFromGithubApi:
     def test_success(self, app: Flask, user):
         api = PluginUploadFromGithubApi()

api/tests/unit_tests/controllers/console/workspace/test_skills.py

@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from inspect import unwrap
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, PropertyMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+from flask import Flask
+
+from controllers.console import console_ns
+from controllers.console.workspace.skills import (
+    WorkspaceAgentSkillBindingsApi,
+    WorkspaceSkillAssistMessageApi,
+    WorkspaceSkillFilesApi,
+    WorkspaceSkillsApi,
+    WorkspaceSkillTagsApi,
+    WorkspaceSkillVersionApi,
+)
+from models.account import Account
+from services.skill_management_service import SkillAssistAttachmentPayload, SkillManagementServiceError
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def app() -> Flask:
+    flask_app = Flask("test_workspace_skills")
+    flask_app.config["TESTING"] = True
+    return flask_app
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def current_user() -> Account:
+    user = Account(name="Test User", email="test@example.com")
+    user.id = "user-1"
+    return user
+
+
+def _skill_detail() -> dict:
+    return {
+        "id": "skill-1",
+        "name": "finance-sop",
+        "display_name": "Finance SOP",
+        "icon": "📄",
+        "description": "",
+        "tags": [],
+        "name_manually_edited": False,
+        "visibility": "workspace",
+        "latest_published_version_id": None,
+        "reference_count": 0,
+        "created_by": "user-1",
+        "created_by_name": "Test User",
+        "updated_by": "user-1",
+        "updated_by_name": "Test User",
+        "created_at": 1,
+        "updated_at": 1,
+        "files": [
+            {
+                "id": "file-1",
+                "path": "SKILL.md",
+                "kind": "file",
+                "storage": "text",
+                "mime_type": "text/markdown",
+                "content": "---\nname: finance-sop\n---\n# Body",
+                "tool_file_id": None,
+                "size": 32,
+                "hash": "hash",
+            }
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+def test_create_skill_validates_payload_and_returns_detail(app: Flask, current_user: Account) -> None:
+    api = WorkspaceSkillsApi()
+    method = unwrap(api.post)
+    service = MagicMock()
+    service.create_skill.return_value = _skill_detail()
+
+    with (
+        app.test_request_context("/", method="POST"),
+        patch.object(type(console_ns), "payload", new_callable=PropertyMock, return_value={}),
+        patch("controllers.console.workspace.skills.SkillManagementService", return_value=service),
+    ):
+        payload, status = method(api, "tenant-1", current_user)
+
+    assert status == 201
+    assert payload["id"] == "skill-1"
+    assert payload["files"][0]["path"] == "SKILL.md"
+    service.create_skill.assert_called_once()
+    assert service.create_skill.call_args.kwargs["tenant_id"] == "tenant-1"
+    assert service.create_skill.call_args.kwargs["user_id"] == "user-1"
+
+
+def test_list_skills_uses_default_pagination_when_query_omits_page_and_limit(app: Flask) -> None:
+    api = WorkspaceSkillsApi()
+    method = unwrap(api.get)
+    service = MagicMock()
+    service.list_skills.return_value = {
+        "data": [],
+        "has_more": False,
+        "limit": 20,
+        "page": 1,
+        "total": 0,
+    }
+
+    with (
+        app.test_request_context("/?keyword=finance&tag=ops&tag=", method="GET"),
+        patch("controllers.console.workspace.skills.SkillManagementService", return_value=service),
+    ):
+        payload = method(api, "tenant-1")
+
+    assert payload == {
+        "data": [],
+        "has_more": False,
+        "limit": 20,
+        "page": 1,
+        "total": 0,
+    }
+    service.list_skills.assert_called_once_with(
+        tenant_id="tenant-1",
+        keyword="finance",
+        page=1,
+        limit=20,
+        tags=["ops"],
+    )
+
+
+def test_get_agent_skill_bindings_returns_card_data(app: Flask) -> None:
+    api = WorkspaceAgentSkillBindingsApi()
+    method = unwrap(api.get)
+    service = MagicMock()
+    service.list_agent_bindings.return_value = {
+        "agent_id": "agent-1",
+        "skill_ids": ["skill-1"],
+        "data": [
+            {
+                "id": "skill-1",
+                "priority": 0,
+                "name": "finance-sop",
+                "display_name": "Finance SOP",
+                "icon": "📄",
+                "description": "Handle finance.",
+                "tags": ["Finance"],
+                "status": "published",
+                "file_count": 2,
+                "latest_published_version_id": "version-1",
+                "latest_published_at": 123,
+                "updated_at": 124,
+            }
+        ],
+    }
+
+    with (
+        app.test_request_context("/", method="GET"),
+        patch("controllers.console.workspace.skills.SkillManagementService", return_value=service),
+    ):
+        payload = method(api, "tenant-1", "agent-1")
+
+    assert payload["skill_ids"] == ["skill-1"]
+    assert payload["data"][0]["display_name"] == "Finance SOP"
+    assert payload["data"][0]["file_count"] == 2
+    service.list_agent_bindings.assert_called_once_with(tenant_id="tenant-1", agent_id="agent-1")
+
+
+def test_patch_skill_file_operation_validates_payload_and_returns_detail(app: Flask, current_user: Account) -> None:
+    api = WorkspaceSkillFilesApi()
+    method = unwrap(api.patch)
+    service = MagicMock()
+    service.apply_draft_file_operation.return_value = _skill_detail()
+    request_payload = {
+        "operation": "upsert_text",
+        "path": "references/policy.md",
+        "content": "Policy",
+    }
+
+    with (
+        app.test_request_context("/", method="PATCH"),
+        patch.object(type(console_ns), "payload", new_callable=PropertyMock, return_value=request_payload),
+        patch("controllers.console.workspace.skills.SkillManagementService", return_value=service),
+    ):
+        payload = method(api, "tenant-1", current_user, "skill-1")
+
+    assert payload["id"] == "skill-1"
+    service.apply_draft_file_operation.assert_called_once()
+    call = service.apply_draft_file_operation.call_args.kwargs
+    assert call["tenant_id"] == "tenant-1"
+    assert call["user_id"] == "user-1"
+    assert call["skill_id"] == "skill-1"
+    assert call["payload"].operation == "upsert_text"
+
+
+def test_patch_skill_file_operation_returns_error_details(app: Flask, current_user: Account) -> None:
+    api = WorkspaceSkillFilesApi()
+    method = unwrap(api.patch)
+    service = MagicMock()
+    service.apply_draft_file_operation.side_effect = SkillManagementServiceError(
+        "missing_skill_name",
+        "SKILL.md frontmatter name is required",
+        details={"path": "SKILL.md", "field": "name", "line": 2},
+    )
+
+    with (
+        app.test_request_context("/", method="PATCH"),
+        patch.object(
+            type(console_ns),
+            "payload",
+            new_callable=PropertyMock,
+            return_value={"operation": "delete", "path": "SKILL.md"},
+        ),
+        patch("controllers.console.workspace.skills.SkillManagementService", return_value=service),
+    ):
+        payload, status = method(api, "tenant-1", current_user, "skill-1")
+
+    assert status == 400
+    assert payload == {
+        "code": "missing_skill_name",
+        "message": "SKILL.md frontmatter name is required",
+        "details": {"path": "SKILL.md", "field": "name", "line": 2},
+    }
+
+
+def test_list_skill_tags_returns_filter_options(app: Flask) -> None:
+    api = WorkspaceSkillTagsApi()
+    method = unwrap(api.get)
+    service = MagicMock()
+    service.list_tags.return_value = {"data": [{"tag": "finance", "count": 2}]}
+
+    with (
+        app.test_request_context("/", method="GET"),
+        patch("controllers.console.workspace.skills.SkillManagementService", return_value=service),
+    ):
+        payload = method(api, "tenant-1")
+
+    assert payload == {"data": [{"tag": "finance", "count": 2}]}
+    service.list_tags.assert_called_once_with(tenant_id="tenant-1")
+
+
+def test_get_skill_version_returns_version_detail(app: Flask) -> None:
+    api = WorkspaceSkillVersionApi()
+    method = unwrap(api.get)
+    service = MagicMock()
+    service.get_version.return_value = {
+        "id": "version-1",
+        "skill_id": "skill-1",
+        "version_number": 1,
+        "version_name": "Initial finance policy",
+        "publish_note": "Initial finance policy",
+        "hash_code": "hash-code",
+        "archive_size": 123,
+        "published_by": "user-1",
+        "published_by_name": "Li Wei",
+        "is_latest": True,
+        "created_at": 1,
+        "files": [
+            {
+                "id": None,
+                "path": "SKILL.md",
+                "kind": "file",
+                "storage": "text",
+                "mime_type": "text/markdown",
+                "content": "# Version",
+                "tool_file_id": None,
+                "size": 9,
+                "hash": "file-hash",
+            }
+        ],
+    }
+
+    with (
+        app.test_request_context("/", method="GET"),
+        patch("controllers.console.workspace.skills.SkillManagementService", return_value=service),
+    ):
+        payload = method(api, "tenant-1", "skill-1", "version-1")
+
+    assert payload["files"][0]["content"] == "# Version"
+    service.get_version.assert_called_once_with(
+        tenant_id="tenant-1",
+        skill_id="skill-1",
+        version_id="version-1",
+    )
+
+
+def test_patch_skill_version_renames_version(app: Flask) -> None:
+    api = WorkspaceSkillVersionApi()
+    method = unwrap(api.patch)
+    service = MagicMock()
+    service.update_version.return_value = {
+        "id": "version-1",
+        "skill_id": "skill-1",
+        "version_number": 1,
+        "version_name": "Approval threshold",
+        "publish_note": "",
+        "hash_code": "hash-code",
+        "archive_size": 123,
+        "published_by": "user-1",
+        "published_by_name": "Li Wei",
+        "is_latest": True,
+        "created_at": 1,
+    }
+
+    with (
+        app.test_request_context("/", method="PATCH"),
+        patch.object(
+            type(console_ns),
+            "payload",
+            new_callable=PropertyMock,
+            return_value={"version_name": "Approval threshold"},
+        ),
+        patch("controllers.console.workspace.skills.SkillManagementService", return_value=service),
+    ):
+        payload = method(api, "tenant-1", "skill-1", "version-1")
+
+    assert payload["version_name"] == "Approval threshold"
+    service.update_version.assert_called_once()
+    assert service.update_version.call_args.kwargs["payload"].version_name == "Approval threshold"
+
+
+def test_delete_skill_version_returns_new_latest(app: Flask, current_user: Account) -> None:
+    api = WorkspaceSkillVersionApi()
+    method = unwrap(api.delete)
+    service = MagicMock()
+    service.delete_version.return_value = {
+        "id": "version-2",
+        "deleted": True,
+        "latest_published_version_id": "version-1",
+    }
+
+    with (
+        app.test_request_context("/", method="DELETE"),
+        patch("controllers.console.workspace.skills.SkillManagementService", return_value=service),
+    ):
+        payload = method(api, "tenant-1", current_user, "skill-1", "version-2")
+
+    assert payload == {"id": "version-2", "deleted": True, "latest_published_version_id": "version-1"}
+    service.delete_version.assert_called_once_with(
+        tenant_id="tenant-1",
+        user_id="user-1",
+        skill_id="skill-1",
+        version_id="version-2",
+    )
+
+
+def test_skill_assistant_runs_agent_app_stream(app: Flask, current_user: Account) -> None:
+    api = WorkspaceSkillAssistMessageApi()
+    method = unwrap(api.post)
+    service = MagicMock()
+    assistant_app = MagicMock()
+    assistant_app.id = "assistant-app-1"
+    service.get_or_create_assistant_app.return_value = (assistant_app, "<skill_draft>draft</skill_draft>")
+    app_model = MagicMock()
+    app_response = MagicMock()
+    compact_response = MagicMock()
+
+    with (
+        app.test_request_context("/", method="POST"),
+        patch.object(
+            type(console_ns),
+            "payload",
+            new_callable=PropertyMock,
+            return_value={
+                "attachments": [
+                    {
+                        "tool_file_id": "tool-file-1",
+                        "name": "requirements.md",
+                        "mime_type": "text/markdown",
+                        "size": 128,
+                    }
+                ],
+                "message": "Create an approval checklist.",
+            },
+        ),
+        patch("controllers.console.workspace.skills.SkillManagementService", return_value=service),
+        patch(
+            "controllers.console.workspace.skills.db.session",
+            return_value=MagicMock(get=MagicMock(return_value=app_model)),
+        ),
+        patch("controllers.console.workspace.skills.AppGenerateService.generate", return_value=app_response),
+        patch("controllers.console.workspace.skills.helper.compact_generate_response", return_value=compact_response),
+    ):
+        response = method(api, "tenant-1", current_user, "skill-1")
+
+    assert response is compact_response
+    service.get_or_create_assistant_app.assert_called_once_with(
+        tenant_id="tenant-1",
+        skill_id="skill-1",
+        user_id="user-1",
+        attachments=[
+            SkillAssistAttachmentPayload(
+                tool_file_id="tool-file-1",
+                name="requirements.md",
+                mime_type="text/markdown",
+                size=128,
+            )
+        ],
+        message="Create an approval checklist.",
+        model_payload=None,
+    )

api/tests/unit_tests/controllers/inner_api/workspace/test_plugin_model_providers.py

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-import inspect
-from unittest.mock import call, patch
-
-import pytest
-from flask import Flask
-from pydantic import ValidationError
-
-from controllers.inner_api.workspace.plugin_model_providers import (
-    EnterprisePluginModelProvidersCacheInvalidate,
-    InvalidatePluginModelProvidersCachePayload,
-)
-
-
-class TestInvalidatePluginModelProvidersCachePayload:
-    def test_valid_payload(self):
-        payload = InvalidatePluginModelProvidersCachePayload.model_validate(
-            {"tenant_ids": ["tenant-alpha", "tenant-beta"]}
-        )
-        assert payload.tenant_ids == ["tenant-alpha", "tenant-beta"]
-
-    def test_missing_tenant_ids_defaults_to_empty(self):
-        payload = InvalidatePluginModelProvidersCachePayload.model_validate({})
-        assert payload.tenant_ids == []
-
-    def test_unknown_field_rejected(self):
-        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
-            InvalidatePluginModelProvidersCachePayload.model_validate({"tenant_ids": ["tenant-alpha"], "generation": 7})
-
-
-class TestEnterprisePluginModelProvidersCacheInvalidate:
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def api_instance(self):
-        return EnterprisePluginModelProvidersCacheInvalidate()
-
-    def _post(self, api_instance, app: Flask, payload):
-        unwrapped_post = inspect.unwrap(api_instance.post)
-        with app.test_request_context():
-            with patch("controllers.inner_api.workspace.plugin_model_providers.inner_api_ns") as mock_ns:
-                mock_ns.payload = payload
-                return unwrapped_post(api_instance)
-
-    @patch("controllers.inner_api.workspace.plugin_model_providers.PluginService")
-    def test_post_invalidates_once_per_tenant(self, mock_plugin_service, api_instance, app: Flask):
-        result = self._post(api_instance, app, {"tenant_ids": ["tenant-alpha", "tenant-beta"]})
-
-        assert result == ({"result": "success"}, 200)
-        assert mock_plugin_service.invalidate_plugin_model_providers_cache.call_args_list == [
-            call("tenant-alpha"),
-            call("tenant-beta"),
-        ]
-
-    @patch("controllers.inner_api.workspace.plugin_model_providers.PluginService")
-    def test_post_with_empty_list_is_a_no_op(self, mock_plugin_service, api_instance, app: Flask):
-        result = self._post(api_instance, app, {"tenant_ids": []})
-
-        assert result == ({"result": "success"}, 200)
-        mock_plugin_service.invalidate_plugin_model_providers_cache.assert_not_called()
-
-    @patch("controllers.inner_api.workspace.plugin_model_providers.PluginService")
-    def test_post_with_missing_payload_is_a_no_op(self, mock_plugin_service, api_instance, app: Flask):
-        result = self._post(api_instance, app, None)
-
-        assert result == ({"result": "success"}, 200)
-        mock_plugin_service.invalidate_plugin_model_providers_cache.assert_not_called()

api/tests/unit_tests/controllers/service_api/app/test_file_preview.py

@@ -1,17 +1,31 @@
-"""
-Unit tests for Service API File Preview endpoint
+"""Unit tests for the Service API file-preview endpoint.
+
+Ownership checks run against persisted message, file, app, and upload rows so the
+tests exercise the same SQLAlchemy statements and tenant boundary as production.
+Storage remains mocked because it is the external I/O boundary of the endpoint.
 """
 
 import logging
-import uuid
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import datetime
+from decimal import Decimal
 from typing import Protocol, cast
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+from uuid import uuid4
 
 import pytest
+from sqlalchemy import event
+from sqlalchemy.engine import Engine
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from controllers.service_api.app.error import FileAccessDeniedError, FileNotFoundError
 from controllers.service_api.app.file_preview import FilePreviewApi
-from models.model import App, EndUser, Message, MessageFile, UploadFile
+from extensions.storage.storage_type import StorageType
+from graphon.file import FileTransferMethod, FileType
+from models.base import TypeBase
+from models.enums import ConversationFromSource, CreatorUserRole
+from models.model import App, AppMode, Message, MessageFile, UploadFile
 
 
 class _FilePreviewLogRecord(Protocol):
@@ -20,367 +34,252 @@ class _FilePreviewLogRecord(Protocol):
     error: str
 
 
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class _Database:
+    """Expose the real test session through the interface used by the controller."""
+
+    session: Session
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class _PreviewRecords:
+    app: App
+    message: Message
+    message_file: MessageFile
+    upload_file: UploadFile
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def database(sqlite_engine: Engine) -> Iterator[_Database]:
+    """Create only the tables required by file ownership validation."""
+
+    models = (App, Message, MessageFile, UploadFile)
+    tables = [TypeBase.metadata.tables[model.__tablename__] for model in models]
+    TypeBase.metadata.create_all(sqlite_engine, tables=tables)
+    with Session(sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
+        yield _Database(session)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def file_preview_api() -> FilePreviewApi:
+    """Create the resource instance under test."""
+
+    return FilePreviewApi()
+
+
+def _upload_file(*, tenant_id: str, file_id: str | None = None) -> UploadFile:
+    upload_file = UploadFile(
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        storage_type=StorageType.LOCAL,
+        key="storage/key/test_file.jpg",
+        name="test_file.jpg",
+        size=1024,
+        extension="jpg",
+        mime_type="image/jpeg",
+        created_by_role=CreatorUserRole.ACCOUNT,
+        created_by=str(uuid4()),
+        created_at=datetime(2026, 1, 1),
+        used=True,
+    )
+    if file_id is not None:
+        upload_file.id = file_id
+    return upload_file
+
+
+def _persist_preview_records(
+    session: Session,
+    *,
+    app_id: str | None = None,
+    app_tenant_id: str | None = None,
+    upload_tenant_id: str | None = None,
+) -> _PreviewRecords:
+    app_id = app_id or str(uuid4())
+    app_tenant_id = app_tenant_id or str(uuid4())
+    upload_file = _upload_file(tenant_id=upload_tenant_id or app_tenant_id)
+    app = App(
+        id=app_id,
+        tenant_id=app_tenant_id,
+        name="Preview app",
+        description="",
+        mode=AppMode.CHAT,
+        icon_type=None,
+        icon="",
+        icon_background=None,
+        enable_site=True,
+        enable_api=True,
+    )
+    message = Message(
+        id=str(uuid4()),
+        app_id=app_id,
+        conversation_id=str(uuid4()),
+        _inputs={},
+        query="preview",
+        message={},
+        message_unit_price=Decimal(0),
+        answer="answer",
+        answer_unit_price=Decimal(0),
+        currency="USD",
+        from_source=ConversationFromSource.API,
+    )
+    message_file = MessageFile(
+        message_id=message.id,
+        type=FileType.IMAGE,
+        transfer_method=FileTransferMethod.LOCAL_FILE,
+        created_by_role=CreatorUserRole.ACCOUNT,
+        created_by=str(uuid4()),
+        upload_file_id=upload_file.id,
+    )
+    session.add_all([app, message, message_file, upload_file])
+    session.commit()
+    return _PreviewRecords(app=app, message=message, message_file=message_file, upload_file=upload_file)
+
+
 class TestFilePreviewApi:
-    """Test suite for FilePreviewApi"""
+    """Exercise ownership validation and response construction."""
 
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def file_preview_api(self):
-        """Create FilePreviewApi instance for testing"""
-        return FilePreviewApi()
+    def test_validate_file_ownership_success(self, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi, database: _Database):
+        records = _persist_preview_records(database.session)
 
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def mock_app(self):
-        """Mock App model"""
-        app = Mock(spec=App)
-        app.id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        app.tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        return app
+        with patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.db", database):
+            message_file, upload_file = file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership(
+                records.upload_file.id, records.app.id
+            )
 
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def mock_end_user(self):
-        """Mock EndUser model"""
-        end_user = Mock(spec=EndUser)
-        end_user.id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        return end_user
+        assert message_file.id == records.message_file.id
+        assert upload_file.id == records.upload_file.id
+        assert upload_file.tenant_id == records.app.tenant_id
 
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def mock_upload_file(self):
-        """Mock UploadFile model"""
-        upload_file = Mock(spec=UploadFile)
-        upload_file.id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        upload_file.name = "test_file.jpg"
-        upload_file.extension = "jpg"
-        upload_file.mime_type = "image/jpeg"
-        upload_file.size = 1024
-        upload_file.key = "storage/key/test_file.jpg"
-        upload_file.tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        return upload_file
+    def test_validate_file_ownership_file_not_found(self, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi, database: _Database):
+        with patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.db", database):
+            with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError, match="File not found in message context"):
+                file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership(str(uuid4()), str(uuid4()))
 
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def mock_message_file(self):
-        """Mock MessageFile model"""
-        message_file = Mock(spec=MessageFile)
-        message_file.id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        message_file.upload_file_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        message_file.message_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        return message_file
+    def test_validate_file_ownership_access_denied(self, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi, database: _Database):
+        records = _persist_preview_records(database.session)
 
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def mock_message(self):
-        """Mock Message model"""
-        message = Mock(spec=Message)
-        message.id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        message.app_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        return message
+        with patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.db", database):
+            with pytest.raises(FileAccessDeniedError, match="not owned by requesting app"):
+                file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership(records.upload_file.id, str(uuid4()))
 
-    def test_validate_file_ownership_success(
-        self, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi, mock_app, mock_upload_file, mock_message_file, mock_message
-    ):
-        """Test successful file ownership validation"""
-        file_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        app_id = mock_app.id
+    def test_validate_file_ownership_upload_file_not_found(self, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi, database: _Database):
+        records = _persist_preview_records(database.session)
+        database.session.delete(records.upload_file)
+        database.session.commit()
 
-        # Set up the mocks
-        mock_upload_file.tenant_id = mock_app.tenant_id
-        mock_message.app_id = app_id
-        mock_message_file.upload_file_id = file_id
-        mock_message_file.message_id = mock_message.id
+        with patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.db", database):
+            with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError, match="Upload file record not found"):
+                file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership(records.upload_file.id, records.app.id)
 
-        with patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.db") as mock_db:
-            # Mock scalar() for MessageFile and Message queries
-            mock_db.session.scalar.side_effect = [
-                mock_message_file,  # MessageFile query
-                mock_message,  # Message query
-            ]
-            # Mock get() for UploadFile and App PK lookups
-            mock_db.session.get.side_effect = [
-                mock_upload_file,  # UploadFile query
-                mock_app,  # App query for tenant validation
-            ]
+    def test_validate_file_ownership_tenant_mismatch(self, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi, database: _Database):
+        records = _persist_preview_records(database.session, upload_tenant_id=str(uuid4()))
 
-            # Execute the method
-            result_message_file, result_upload_file = file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership(file_id, app_id)
-
-            # Assertions
-            assert result_message_file == mock_message_file
-            assert result_upload_file == mock_upload_file
-
-    def test_validate_file_ownership_file_not_found(self, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi):
-        """Test file ownership validation when MessageFile not found"""
-        file_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        app_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-
-        with patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.db") as mock_db:
-            # Mock MessageFile not found via scalar()
-            mock_db.session.scalar.return_value = None
-
-            # Execute and assert exception
-            with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError) as exc_info:
-                file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership(file_id, app_id)
-
-            assert "File not found in message context" in str(exc_info.value)
-
-    def test_validate_file_ownership_access_denied(self, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi, mock_message_file):
-        """Test file ownership validation when Message not owned by app"""
-        file_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        app_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-
-        with patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.db") as mock_db:
-            # Mock MessageFile found but Message not owned by app via scalar()
-            mock_db.session.scalar.side_effect = [
-                mock_message_file,  # MessageFile query - found
-                None,  # Message query - not found (access denied)
-            ]
-
-            # Execute and assert exception
-            with pytest.raises(FileAccessDeniedError) as exc_info:
-                file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership(file_id, app_id)
-
-            assert "not owned by requesting app" in str(exc_info.value)
-
-    def test_validate_file_ownership_upload_file_not_found(
-        self, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi, mock_message_file, mock_message
-    ):
-        """Test file ownership validation when UploadFile not found"""
-        file_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        app_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-
-        with patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.db") as mock_db:
-            # Mock scalar() for MessageFile and Message
-            mock_db.session.scalar.side_effect = [
-                mock_message_file,  # MessageFile query - found
-                mock_message,  # Message query - found
-            ]
-            # Mock get() for UploadFile - not found
-            mock_db.session.get.return_value = None
-
-            # Execute and assert exception
-            with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError) as exc_info:
-                file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership(file_id, app_id)
-
-            assert "Upload file record not found" in str(exc_info.value)
-
-    def test_validate_file_ownership_tenant_mismatch(
-        self, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi, mock_app, mock_upload_file, mock_message_file, mock_message
-    ):
-        """Test file ownership validation with tenant mismatch"""
-        file_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        app_id = mock_app.id
-
-        # Set up tenant mismatch
-        mock_upload_file.tenant_id = "different_tenant_id"
-        mock_app.tenant_id = "app_tenant_id"
-        mock_message.app_id = app_id
-        mock_message_file.upload_file_id = file_id
-        mock_message_file.message_id = mock_message.id
-
-        with patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.db") as mock_db:
-            # Mock scalar() for MessageFile and Message queries
-            mock_db.session.scalar.side_effect = [
-                mock_message_file,  # MessageFile query
-                mock_message,  # Message query
-            ]
-            # Mock get() for UploadFile and App PK lookups
-            mock_db.session.get.side_effect = [
-                mock_upload_file,  # UploadFile query
-                mock_app,  # App query for tenant validation
-            ]
-
-            # Execute and assert exception
-            with pytest.raises(FileAccessDeniedError) as exc_info:
-                file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership(file_id, app_id)
-
-            assert "tenant mismatch" in str(exc_info.value)
+        with patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.db", database):
+            with pytest.raises(FileAccessDeniedError, match="tenant mismatch"):
+                file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership(records.upload_file.id, records.app.id)
 
     def test_validate_file_ownership_invalid_input(self, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi):
-        """Test file ownership validation with invalid input"""
-
-        # Test with empty file_id
-        with pytest.raises(FileAccessDeniedError) as exc_info:
+        with pytest.raises(FileAccessDeniedError, match="Invalid file or app identifier"):
             file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership("", "app_id")
-        assert "Invalid file or app identifier" in str(exc_info.value)
 
-        # Test with empty app_id
-        with pytest.raises(FileAccessDeniedError) as exc_info:
+        with pytest.raises(FileAccessDeniedError, match="Invalid file or app identifier"):
             file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership("file_id", "")
-        assert "Invalid file or app identifier" in str(exc_info.value)
 
-    def test_build_file_response_basic(self, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi, mock_upload_file):
-        """Test basic file response building"""
-        mock_generator = Mock()
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("as_attachment", "mime_type", "name", "extension", "size"),
+        [
+            (False, "image/jpeg", "test_file.jpg", "jpg", 1024),
+            (True, "image/jpeg", "test_file.jpg", "jpg", 1024),
+            (False, "text/html", "unsafe.html", "html", 1024),
+            (False, "video/mp4", "test_file.mp4", "mp4", 1024),
+            (False, "image/jpeg", "test_file.jpg", "jpg", 0),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_build_file_response(
+        self,
+        file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi,
+        as_attachment: bool,
+        mime_type: str,
+        name: str,
+        extension: str,
+        size: int,
+    ):
+        upload_file = _upload_file(tenant_id=str(uuid4()))
+        upload_file.mime_type = mime_type
+        upload_file.name = name
+        upload_file.extension = extension
+        upload_file.size = size
 
-        response = file_preview_api._build_file_response(mock_generator, mock_upload_file, False)
+        response = file_preview_api._build_file_response(Mock(), upload_file, as_attachment)
 
-        # Check response properties
-        assert response.mimetype == mock_upload_file.mime_type
         assert response.direct_passthrough is True
-        assert response.headers["Content-Length"] == str(mock_upload_file.size)
         assert "Cache-Control" in response.headers
-
-    def test_build_file_response_as_attachment(self, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi, mock_upload_file):
-        """Test file response building with attachment flag"""
-        mock_generator = Mock()
-
-        response = file_preview_api._build_file_response(mock_generator, mock_upload_file, True)
-
-        # Check attachment-specific headers
-        assert "attachment" in response.headers["Content-Disposition"]
-        assert mock_upload_file.name in response.headers["Content-Disposition"]
-        assert response.headers["Content-Type"] == "application/octet-stream"
-
-    def test_build_file_response_html_forces_attachment(self, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi, mock_upload_file):
-        """Test HTML files are forced to download"""
-        mock_generator = Mock()
-        mock_upload_file.mime_type = "text/html"
-        mock_upload_file.name = "unsafe.html"
-        mock_upload_file.extension = "html"
-
-        response = file_preview_api._build_file_response(mock_generator, mock_upload_file, False)
-
-        assert "attachment" in response.headers["Content-Disposition"]
-        assert response.headers["Content-Type"] == "application/octet-stream"
-        assert response.headers["X-Content-Type-Options"] == "nosniff"
-
-    def test_build_file_response_audio_video(self, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi, mock_upload_file):
-        """Test file response building for audio/video files"""
-        mock_generator = Mock()
-        mock_upload_file.mime_type = "video/mp4"
-
-        response = file_preview_api._build_file_response(mock_generator, mock_upload_file, False)
-
-        # Check Range support for media files
-        assert response.headers["Accept-Ranges"] == "bytes"
-
-    def test_build_file_response_no_size(self, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi, mock_upload_file):
-        """Test file response building when size is unknown"""
-        mock_generator = Mock()
-        mock_upload_file.size = 0  # Unknown size
-
-        response = file_preview_api._build_file_response(mock_generator, mock_upload_file, False)
-
-        # Content-Length should not be set when size is unknown
-        assert "Content-Length" not in response.headers
+        assert ("Content-Length" in response.headers) is bool(size)
+        if as_attachment or mime_type == "text/html":
+            assert "attachment" in response.headers["Content-Disposition"]
+            assert response.headers["Content-Type"] == "application/octet-stream"
+        else:
+            assert response.mimetype == mime_type
+        if mime_type == "text/html":
+            assert response.headers["X-Content-Type-Options"] == "nosniff"
+        if mime_type.startswith("video/"):
+            assert response.headers["Accept-Ranges"] == "bytes"
 
     @patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.storage")
-    def test_get_method_integration(
-        self,
-        mock_storage,
-        file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi,
-        mock_app,
-        mock_end_user,
-        mock_upload_file,
-        mock_message_file,
-        mock_message,
+    def test_components_use_validated_file(
+        self, mock_storage: Mock, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi, database: _Database
     ):
-        """Test the full GET method integration (without decorator)"""
-        file_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        app_id = mock_app.id
+        records = _persist_preview_records(database.session)
+        generator = Mock()
 
-        # Set up mocks
-        mock_upload_file.tenant_id = mock_app.tenant_id
-        mock_message.app_id = app_id
-        mock_message_file.upload_file_id = file_id
-        mock_message_file.message_id = mock_message.id
+        with patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.db", database):
+            message_file, upload_file = file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership(
+                records.upload_file.id, records.app.id
+            )
+            response = file_preview_api._build_file_response(generator, upload_file, False)
 
-        mock_generator = Mock()
-        mock_storage.load.return_value = mock_generator
-
-        with patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.db") as mock_db:
-            # Mock scalar() for MessageFile and Message queries
-            mock_db.session.scalar.side_effect = [
-                mock_message_file,  # MessageFile query
-                mock_message,  # Message query
-            ]
-            # Mock get() for UploadFile and App PK lookups
-            mock_db.session.get.side_effect = [
-                mock_upload_file,  # UploadFile query
-                mock_app,  # App query for tenant validation
-            ]
-
-            # Test the core logic directly without Flask decorators
-            # Validate file ownership
-            result_message_file, result_upload_file = file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership(file_id, app_id)
-            assert result_message_file == mock_message_file
-            assert result_upload_file == mock_upload_file
-
-            # Test file response building
-            response = file_preview_api._build_file_response(mock_generator, mock_upload_file, False)
-            assert response is not None
-
-            # Verify storage was called correctly
-            mock_storage.load.assert_not_called()  # Since we're testing components separately
+        assert message_file.id == records.message_file.id
+        assert response.mimetype == "image/jpeg"
+        mock_storage.load.assert_not_called()
 
     @patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.storage")
-    def test_storage_error_handling(
-        self,
-        mock_storage,
-        file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi,
-        mock_app,
-        mock_upload_file,
-        mock_message_file,
-        mock_message,
+    def test_storage_error_remains_external(
+        self, mock_storage: Mock, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi, database: _Database
     ):
-        """Test storage error handling in the core logic"""
-        file_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        app_id = mock_app.id
+        records = _persist_preview_records(database.session)
+        mock_storage.load.side_effect = OSError("Storage error")
 
-        # Set up mocks
-        mock_upload_file.tenant_id = mock_app.tenant_id
-        mock_message.app_id = app_id
-        mock_message_file.upload_file_id = file_id
-        mock_message_file.message_id = mock_message.id
+        with patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.db", database):
+            _, upload_file = file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership(records.upload_file.id, records.app.id)
 
-        # Mock storage error
-        mock_storage.load.side_effect = Exception("Storage error")
-
-        with patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.db") as mock_db:
-            # Mock scalar() for MessageFile and Message queries
-            mock_db.session.scalar.side_effect = [
-                mock_message_file,  # MessageFile query
-                mock_message,  # Message query
-            ]
-            # Mock get() for UploadFile and App PK lookups
-            mock_db.session.get.side_effect = [
-                mock_upload_file,  # UploadFile query
-                mock_app,  # App query for tenant validation
-            ]
-
-            # First validate file ownership works
-            result_message_file, result_upload_file = file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership(file_id, app_id)
-            assert result_message_file == mock_message_file
-            assert result_upload_file == mock_upload_file
-
-            # Test storage error handling
-            with pytest.raises(Exception) as exc_info:
-                mock_storage.load(mock_upload_file.key, stream=True)
-
-            assert "Storage error" in str(exc_info.value)
+        with pytest.raises(OSError, match="Storage error"):
+            mock_storage.load(upload_file.key, stream=True)
 
     def test_validate_file_ownership_unexpected_error_logging(
-        self, file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+        self,
+        file_preview_api: FilePreviewApi,
+        database: _Database,
+        sqlite_engine: Engine,
+        caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
     ):
-        """Test that unexpected errors are logged properly"""
-        file_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        app_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        file_id = str(uuid4())
+        app_id = str(uuid4())
 
-        with patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.db") as mock_db:
-            # Mock database scalar to raise unexpected exception
-            mock_db.session.scalar.side_effect = Exception("Unexpected database error")
+        def fail_statement(*_args: object) -> None:
+            raise RuntimeError("Unexpected database error")
 
-            # Execute and assert exception
-            with caplog.at_level(logging.ERROR, logger="controllers.service_api.app.file_preview"):
-                with pytest.raises(FileAccessDeniedError) as exc_info:
-                    file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership(file_id, app_id)
+        event.listen(sqlite_engine, "before_cursor_execute", fail_statement)
+        try:
+            with patch("controllers.service_api.app.file_preview.db", database):
+                with caplog.at_level(logging.ERROR, logger="controllers.service_api.app.file_preview"):
+                    with pytest.raises(FileAccessDeniedError, match="File access validation failed"):
+                        file_preview_api._validate_file_ownership(file_id, app_id)
+        finally:
+            event.remove(sqlite_engine, "before_cursor_execute", fail_statement)
 
-            # Verify error message
-            assert "File access validation failed" in str(exc_info.value)
-
-            # Verify logging was called with the structured context fields. The ``extra`` keys
-            # are attached to the LogRecord as attributes, so they are not in ``caplog.text``.
-            assert len(caplog.records) == 1
-            log_record = caplog.records[0]
-            assert log_record.getMessage() == "Unexpected error during file ownership validation"
-            record = cast(_FilePreviewLogRecord, log_record)
-            assert record.file_id == file_id
-            assert record.app_id == app_id
-            assert record.error == "Unexpected database error"
+        assert len(caplog.records) == 1
+        log_record = caplog.records[0]
+        assert log_record.getMessage() == "Unexpected error during file ownership validation"
+        record = cast(_FilePreviewLogRecord, log_record)
+        assert record.file_id == file_id
+        assert record.app_id == app_id
+        assert record.error == "Unexpected database error"

api/tests/unit_tests/controllers/service_api/app/test_message.py

@@ -15,12 +15,15 @@ Focus on:
 """
 
 import uuid
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 from inspect import unwrap
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
 import pytest
 from flask import Flask
+from sqlalchemy import Engine
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest, InternalServerError, NotFound
 
 from controllers.service_api.app.error import NotChatAppError
@@ -44,6 +47,14 @@ from services.errors.message import (
 from services.message_service import MessageService
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def orm_session(sqlite_engine: Engine) -> Iterator[Session]:
+    """Provide a real caller-owned session for MessageService interface tests."""
+
+    with Session(sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
+        yield session
+
+
 class TestMessageListQuery:
     """Test suite for MessageListQuery Pydantic model."""
 
@@ -253,7 +264,7 @@ class TestMessageService:
         assert callable(MessageService.get_suggested_questions_after_answer)
 
     @patch.object(MessageService, "pagination_by_first_id")
-    def test_pagination_by_first_id_returns_pagination_result(self, mock_pagination):
+    def test_pagination_by_first_id_returns_pagination_result(self, mock_pagination, orm_session: Session):
         """Test pagination_by_first_id returns expected format."""
         mock_result = Mock()
         mock_result.data = []
@@ -267,7 +278,7 @@ class TestMessageService:
             conversation_id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
             first_id=None,
             limit=20,
-            session=Mock(),
+            session=orm_session,
         )
 
         assert hasattr(result, "data")
@@ -275,7 +286,7 @@ class TestMessageService:
         assert hasattr(result, "has_more")
 
     @patch.object(MessageService, "pagination_by_first_id")
-    def test_pagination_raises_conversation_not_exists_error(self, mock_pagination):
+    def test_pagination_raises_conversation_not_exists_error(self, mock_pagination, orm_session: Session):
         """Test pagination raises ConversationNotExistsError."""
         import services.errors.conversation
 
@@ -288,11 +299,11 @@ class TestMessageService:
                 conversation_id="invalid_id",
                 first_id=None,
                 limit=20,
-                session=Mock(),
+                session=orm_session,
             )
 
     @patch.object(MessageService, "pagination_by_first_id")
-    def test_pagination_raises_first_message_not_exists_error(self, mock_pagination):
+    def test_pagination_raises_first_message_not_exists_error(self, mock_pagination, orm_session: Session):
         """Test pagination raises FirstMessageNotExistsError."""
         mock_pagination.side_effect = FirstMessageNotExistsError()
 
@@ -303,11 +314,11 @@ class TestMessageService:
                 conversation_id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
                 first_id="invalid_first_id",
                 limit=20,
-                session=Mock(),
+                session=orm_session,
             )
 
     @patch.object(MessageService, "create_feedback")
-    def test_create_feedback_with_rating_and_content(self, mock_create_feedback):
+    def test_create_feedback_with_rating_and_content(self, mock_create_feedback, orm_session: Session):
         """Test create_feedback with rating and content."""
         mock_create_feedback.return_value = None
 
@@ -317,13 +328,13 @@ class TestMessageService:
             user=Mock(spec=EndUser),
             rating=FeedbackRating.LIKE,
             content="Great response!",
-            session=Mock(),
+            session=orm_session,
         )
 
         mock_create_feedback.assert_called_once()
 
     @patch.object(MessageService, "create_feedback")
-    def test_create_feedback_raises_message_not_exists_error(self, mock_create_feedback):
+    def test_create_feedback_raises_message_not_exists_error(self, mock_create_feedback, orm_session: Session):
         """Test create_feedback raises MessageNotExistsError."""
         mock_create_feedback.side_effect = MessageNotExistsError()
 
@@ -334,11 +345,11 @@ class TestMessageService:
                 user=Mock(spec=EndUser),
                 rating=FeedbackRating.LIKE,
                 content=None,
-                session=Mock(),
+                session=orm_session,
             )
 
     @patch.object(MessageService, "get_all_messages_feedbacks")
-    def test_get_all_messages_feedbacks_returns_list(self, mock_get_feedbacks):
+    def test_get_all_messages_feedbacks_returns_list(self, mock_get_feedbacks, orm_session: Session):
         """Test get_all_messages_feedbacks returns list of feedbacks."""
         mock_feedbacks = [
             {"message_id": str(uuid.uuid4()), "rating": "like"},
@@ -346,13 +357,15 @@ class TestMessageService:
         ]
         mock_get_feedbacks.return_value = mock_feedbacks
 
-        result = MessageService.get_all_messages_feedbacks(app_model=Mock(spec=App), page=1, limit=20, session=Mock())
+        result = MessageService.get_all_messages_feedbacks(
+            app_model=Mock(spec=App), page=1, limit=20, session=orm_session
+        )
 
         assert len(result) == 2
         assert result[0]["rating"] == "like"
 
     @patch.object(MessageService, "get_suggested_questions_after_answer")
-    def test_get_suggested_questions_returns_questions_list(self, mock_get_questions):
+    def test_get_suggested_questions_returns_questions_list(self, mock_get_questions, orm_session: Session):
         """Test get_suggested_questions_after_answer returns list of questions."""
         mock_questions = ["What about this aspect?", "Can you elaborate on that?", "How does this relate to...?"]
         mock_get_questions.return_value = mock_questions
@@ -362,14 +375,14 @@ class TestMessageService:
             user=Mock(spec=EndUser),
             message_id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
             invoke_from=Mock(),
-            session=Mock(),
+            session=orm_session,
         )
 
         assert len(result) == 3
         assert isinstance(result[0], str)
 
     @patch.object(MessageService, "get_suggested_questions_after_answer")
-    def test_get_suggested_questions_raises_disabled_error(self, mock_get_questions):
+    def test_get_suggested_questions_raises_disabled_error(self, mock_get_questions, orm_session: Session):
         """Test get_suggested_questions_after_answer raises SuggestedQuestionsAfterAnswerDisabledError."""
         mock_get_questions.side_effect = SuggestedQuestionsAfterAnswerDisabledError()
 
@@ -379,11 +392,11 @@ class TestMessageService:
                 user=Mock(spec=EndUser),
                 message_id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
                 invoke_from=Mock(),
-                session=Mock(),
+                session=orm_session,
             )
 
     @patch.object(MessageService, "get_suggested_questions_after_answer")
-    def test_get_suggested_questions_raises_message_not_exists_error(self, mock_get_questions):
+    def test_get_suggested_questions_raises_message_not_exists_error(self, mock_get_questions, orm_session: Session):
         """Test get_suggested_questions_after_answer raises MessageNotExistsError."""
         mock_get_questions.side_effect = MessageNotExistsError()
 
@@ -393,7 +406,7 @@ class TestMessageService:
                 user=Mock(spec=EndUser),
                 message_id="invalid_message_id",
                 invoke_from=Mock(),
-                session=Mock(),
+                session=orm_session,
             )
 
 

api/tests/unit_tests/controllers/service_api/dataset/rag_pipeline/test_rag_pipeline_workflow.py

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
 import pytest
 from flask import Flask
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 from werkzeug.datastructures import FileStorage
 from werkzeug.exceptions import Forbidden, NotFound
 
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ from controllers.service_api.dataset.rag_pipeline.rag_pipeline_workflow import (
 )
 from core.app.entities.app_invoke_entities import InvokeFrom
 from models.account import Account
+from models.dataset import Dataset
 from services.errors.file import FileTooLargeError, UnsupportedFileTypeError
 from services.rag_pipeline.entity.pipeline_service_api_entities import (
     DatasourceNodeRunApiEntity,
@@ -46,6 +48,20 @@ from services.rag_pipeline.entity.pipeline_service_api_entities import (
 from services.rag_pipeline.rag_pipeline import RagPipelineService
 
 
+def _persist_dataset(session: Session, *, tenant_id: str, dataset_id: str) -> Dataset:
+    dataset = Dataset(
+        id=dataset_id,
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        name="Pipeline dataset",
+        created_by="account-1",
+        data_source_type=None,
+        indexing_technique=None,
+    )
+    session.add(dataset)
+    session.commit()
+    return dataset
+
+
 class TestDatasourceNodeRunPayload:
     """Test suite for DatasourceNodeRunPayload Pydantic model."""
 
@@ -550,13 +566,15 @@ class TestPipelineRunApiPost:
     )
     @patch("controllers.service_api.dataset.rag_pipeline.rag_pipeline_workflow.RagPipelineService")
     @patch("controllers.service_api.dataset.rag_pipeline.rag_pipeline_workflow.service_api_ns")
-    def test_post_success_streaming(self, mock_ns, mock_svc_cls, mock_current_user, mock_gen_svc, mock_helper, app):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(Dataset,)], indirect=True)
+    def test_post_success_streaming(
+        self, mock_ns, mock_svc_cls, mock_current_user, mock_gen_svc, mock_helper, app, sqlite_session: Session
+    ):
         """Test successful pipeline run with streaming response."""
         tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
         dataset_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
 
-        session = Mock()
-        session.scalar.return_value = Mock()
+        _persist_dataset(sqlite_session, tenant_id=tenant_id, dataset_id=dataset_id)
 
         mock_ns.payload = {
             "inputs": {"key": "val"},
@@ -577,33 +595,33 @@ class TestPipelineRunApiPost:
 
         with app.test_request_context("/datasets/test/pipeline/run", method="POST"):
             api = PipelineRunApi()
-            response = api.post.__wrapped__(api, session, tenant_id=tenant_id, dataset_id=dataset_id)
+            response = api.post.__wrapped__(api, sqlite_session, tenant_id=tenant_id, dataset_id=dataset_id)
 
         assert response == {"result": "ok"}
-        mock_svc_cls.assert_called_once_with(session)
+        mock_svc_cls.assert_called_once_with(sqlite_session)
         mock_gen_svc.generate.assert_called_once()
 
-    def test_post_not_found(self, app: Flask):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(Dataset,)], indirect=True)
+    def test_post_not_found(self, app: Flask, sqlite_session: Session):
         """Test NotFound when dataset check fails."""
-        session = Mock()
-        session.scalar.return_value = None
-
         with app.test_request_context("/datasets/test/pipeline/run", method="POST"):
             api = PipelineRunApi()
             with pytest.raises(NotFound):
                 api.post.__wrapped__(
                     api,
-                    session,
+                    sqlite_session,
                     tenant_id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
                     dataset_id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
                 )
 
     @patch("controllers.service_api.dataset.rag_pipeline.rag_pipeline_workflow.current_user", new="not_account")
     @patch("controllers.service_api.dataset.rag_pipeline.rag_pipeline_workflow.service_api_ns")
-    def test_post_forbidden_non_account_user(self, mock_ns, app: Flask):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(Dataset,)], indirect=True)
+    def test_post_forbidden_non_account_user(self, mock_ns, app: Flask, sqlite_session: Session):
         """Test Forbidden when current_user is not an Account."""
-        session = Mock()
-        session.scalar.return_value = Mock()
+        tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        dataset_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        _persist_dataset(sqlite_session, tenant_id=tenant_id, dataset_id=dataset_id)
         mock_ns.payload = {
             "inputs": {},
             "datasource_type": "online_document",
@@ -618,9 +636,9 @@ class TestPipelineRunApiPost:
             with pytest.raises(Forbidden):
                 api.post.__wrapped__(
                     api,
-                    session,
-                    tenant_id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
-                    dataset_id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
+                    sqlite_session,
+                    tenant_id=tenant_id,
+                    dataset_id=dataset_id,
                 )
 
 

api/tests/unit_tests/controllers/service_api/test_wraps.py

@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@ Unit tests for Service API wraps (authentication decorators)
 """
 
 import uuid
+from types import SimpleNamespace
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
 
 import pytest
 from flask import Flask
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 from werkzeug.exceptions import Forbidden, NotFound, Unauthorized
 
 from controllers.service_api.wraps import (
@@ -21,12 +24,11 @@ from controllers.service_api.wraps import (
     validate_dataset_token,
 )
 from enums.cloud_plan import CloudPlan
-from models.account import TenantStatus
-from models.model import ApiToken
-from tests.unit_tests.conftest import (
-    setup_mock_dataset_owner_execute_result,
-    setup_mock_tenant_owner_execute_result,
-)
+from models import Account, Tenant, TenantAccountJoin
+from models.account import TenantAccountRole
+from models.dataset import Dataset, RateLimitLog
+from models.enums import ApiTokenType
+from models.model import ApiToken, App, AppMode, IconType
 
 
 def _configure_current_app_mock(mock_current_app):
@@ -34,6 +36,51 @@ def _configure_current_app_mock(mock_current_app):
     mock_current_app._get_current_object = Mock(return_value=Mock())
 
 
+def _session_proxy(session: Session) -> MagicMock:
+    """Emulate Flask-SQLAlchemy's callable scoped-session proxy around a test session."""
+    proxy = MagicMock(wraps=session)
+    proxy.return_value = session
+    return proxy
+
+
+def _api_token(*, tenant_id: str, app_id: str | None = None, token_type: ApiTokenType) -> ApiToken:
+    return ApiToken(
+        id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        app_id=app_id,
+        type=token_type,
+        token="test_token",
+    )
+
+
+def _persist_workspace(session: Session) -> tuple[Tenant, Account, TenantAccountJoin]:
+    tenant = Tenant(name="Workspace")
+    account = Account(name="Owner", email=f"owner-{uuid.uuid4()}@example.com")
+    membership = TenantAccountJoin(
+        tenant_id=tenant.id,
+        account_id=account.id,
+        current=True,
+        role=TenantAccountRole.OWNER,
+    )
+    session.add_all([tenant, account, membership])
+    session.commit()
+    return tenant, account, membership
+
+
+def _app_model(*, tenant_id: str, enable_api: bool = True) -> App:
+    return App(
+        id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        name="Service API App",
+        mode=AppMode.CHAT,
+        icon_type=IconType.EMOJI,
+        icon="chat",
+        icon_background="#FFFFFF",
+        enable_site=False,
+        enable_api=enable_api,
+    )
+
+
 class TestValidateAndGetApiToken:
     """Test suite for validate_and_get_api_token function"""
 
@@ -70,21 +117,24 @@ class TestValidateAndGetApiToken:
     def test_valid_token_returns_api_token(self, mock_fetch_token, mock_cache_cls, mock_record_usage, app: Flask):
         """Test that valid token returns the ApiToken object."""
         # Arrange
-        mock_api_token = Mock(spec=ApiToken)
-        mock_api_token.token = "valid_token_123"
-        mock_api_token.type = "app"
+        api_token = _api_token(
+            tenant_id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
+            app_id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
+            token_type=ApiTokenType.APP,
+        )
+        api_token.token = "valid_token_123"
 
         mock_cache_instance = Mock()
         mock_cache_instance.get.return_value = None  # Cache miss
         mock_cache_cls.get = mock_cache_instance.get
-        mock_fetch_token.return_value = mock_api_token
+        mock_fetch_token.return_value = api_token
 
         # Act
         with app.test_request_context("/", method="GET", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer valid_token_123"}):
             result = validate_and_get_api_token("app")
 
         # Assert
-        assert result == mock_api_token
+        assert result == api_token
 
     @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.record_token_usage")
     @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.ApiTokenCache")
@@ -117,116 +167,124 @@ class TestValidateAppToken:
         return app
 
     @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.user_logged_in")
-    @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.db")
     @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.validate_and_get_api_token")
     @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.current_app")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "sqlite_session",
+        [(App, ApiToken, Tenant, Account, TenantAccountJoin)],
+        indirect=True,
+    )
     def test_valid_app_token_allows_access(
-        self, mock_current_app, mock_validate_token, mock_db, mock_user_logged_in, app
+        self,
+        mock_current_app,
+        mock_validate_token,
+        mock_user_logged_in,
+        app: Flask,
+        sqlite_session: Session,
     ):
         """Test that valid app token allows access to decorated view."""
         # Arrange
         _configure_current_app_mock(mock_current_app)
 
-        mock_api_token = Mock()
-        mock_api_token.app_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        mock_api_token.tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        mock_validate_token.return_value = mock_api_token
-
-        mock_app = Mock()
-        mock_app.id = mock_api_token.app_id
-        mock_app.status = "normal"
-        mock_app.enable_api = True
-        mock_app.tenant_id = mock_api_token.tenant_id
-
-        mock_tenant = Mock()
-        mock_tenant.status = TenantStatus.NORMAL
-        mock_tenant.id = mock_api_token.tenant_id
-
-        mock_account = Mock()
-        mock_account.id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-
-        # Use side_effect to return app first, then tenant via session.get()
-        mock_db.session.get.side_effect = [mock_app, mock_tenant]
-
-        # Mock the tenant owner execute result (execute(select(...)).one_or_none())
-        setup_mock_tenant_owner_execute_result(mock_db, mock_tenant, mock_account)
+        tenant, account, _ = _persist_workspace(sqlite_session)
+        app_model = _app_model(tenant_id=tenant.id)
+        api_token = _api_token(tenant_id=tenant.id, app_id=app_model.id, token_type=ApiTokenType.APP)
+        sqlite_session.add_all([app_model, api_token])
+        sqlite_session.commit()
+        mock_validate_token.return_value = api_token
 
         @validate_app_token
         def protected_view(app_model):
             return {"success": True, "app_id": app_model.id}
 
         # Act
-        with app.test_request_context("/", method="GET", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer test_token"}):
+        with (
+            app.test_request_context("/", method="GET", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer test_token"}),
+            patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.db.session", _session_proxy(sqlite_session)),
+        ):
             result = protected_view()
 
         # Assert
         assert result["success"] is True
-        assert result["app_id"] == mock_app.id
+        assert result["app_id"] == app_model.id
+        assert account.current_tenant_id == tenant.id
 
-    @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.db")
     @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.validate_and_get_api_token")
-    def test_app_not_found_raises_forbidden(self, mock_validate_token, mock_db, app: Flask):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(App,)], indirect=True)
+    def test_app_not_found_raises_forbidden(self, mock_validate_token, app: Flask, sqlite_session: Session):
         """Test that Forbidden is raised when app no longer exists."""
         # Arrange
-        mock_api_token = Mock()
-        mock_api_token.app_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        mock_validate_token.return_value = mock_api_token
-
-        mock_db.session.get.return_value = None
+        api_token = _api_token(
+            tenant_id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
+            app_id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
+            token_type=ApiTokenType.APP,
+        )
+        mock_validate_token.return_value = api_token
 
         @validate_app_token
         def protected_view(**kwargs):
             return {"success": True}
 
         # Act & Assert
-        with app.test_request_context("/", method="GET"):
+        with (
+            app.test_request_context("/", method="GET"),
+            patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.db.session", sqlite_session),
+        ):
             with pytest.raises(Forbidden) as exc_info:
                 protected_view()
             assert "no longer exists" in str(exc_info.value)
 
-    @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.db")
     @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.validate_and_get_api_token")
-    def test_app_status_abnormal_raises_forbidden(self, mock_validate_token, mock_db, app: Flask):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(App,)], indirect=True)
+    def test_app_status_abnormal_raises_forbidden(self, mock_validate_token, app: Flask, sqlite_session: Session):
         """Test that Forbidden is raised when app status is abnormal."""
         # Arrange
-        mock_api_token = Mock()
-        mock_api_token.app_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        mock_validate_token.return_value = mock_api_token
-
-        mock_app = Mock()
-        mock_app.status = "abnormal"
-        mock_db.session.get.return_value = mock_app
+        app_model = _app_model(tenant_id=str(uuid.uuid4()))
+        sqlite_session.add(app_model)
+        sqlite_session.commit()
+        app_model.status = "abnormal"
+        mock_validate_token.return_value = _api_token(
+            tenant_id=app_model.tenant_id,
+            app_id=app_model.id,
+            token_type=ApiTokenType.APP,
+        )
 
         @validate_app_token
         def protected_view(**kwargs):
             return {"success": True}
 
         # Act & Assert
-        with app.test_request_context("/", method="GET"):
+        with (
+            app.test_request_context("/", method="GET"),
+            patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.db.session", sqlite_session),
+        ):
             with pytest.raises(Forbidden) as exc_info:
                 protected_view()
             assert "status is abnormal" in str(exc_info.value)
 
-    @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.db")
     @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.validate_and_get_api_token")
-    def test_app_api_disabled_raises_forbidden(self, mock_validate_token, mock_db, app: Flask):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(App,)], indirect=True)
+    def test_app_api_disabled_raises_forbidden(self, mock_validate_token, app: Flask, sqlite_session: Session):
         """Test that Forbidden is raised when app API is disabled."""
         # Arrange
-        mock_api_token = Mock()
-        mock_api_token.app_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        mock_validate_token.return_value = mock_api_token
-
-        mock_app = Mock()
-        mock_app.status = "normal"
-        mock_app.enable_api = False
-        mock_db.session.get.return_value = mock_app
+        app_model = _app_model(tenant_id=str(uuid.uuid4()), enable_api=False)
+        sqlite_session.add(app_model)
+        sqlite_session.commit()
+        mock_validate_token.return_value = _api_token(
+            tenant_id=app_model.tenant_id,
+            app_id=app_model.id,
+            token_type=ApiTokenType.APP,
+        )
 
         @validate_app_token
         def protected_view(**kwargs):
             return {"success": True}
 
         # Act & Assert
-        with app.test_request_context("/", method="GET"):
+        with (
+            app.test_request_context("/", method="GET"),
+            patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.db.session", sqlite_session),
+        ):
             with pytest.raises(Forbidden) as exc_info:
                 protected_view()
             assert "API service has been disabled" in str(exc_info.value)
@@ -468,26 +526,35 @@ class TestCloudEditionBillingRateLimitCheck:
 
     @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.validate_and_get_api_token")
     @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.FeatureService.get_knowledge_rate_limit")
-    @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.db")
-    @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.sessionmaker")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(RateLimitLog,)], indirect=True)
     def test_rejects_over_rate_limit(
-        self, mock_sessionmaker, mock_db, mock_get_rate_limit, mock_validate_token, app: Flask
+        self,
+        mock_get_rate_limit,
+        mock_validate_token,
+        app: Flask,
+        sqlite_session: Session,
     ):
         """Test that Forbidden is raised when over rate limit."""
         # Arrange
-        mock_validate_token.return_value = Mock(tenant_id="tenant123")
+        tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        mock_validate_token.return_value = _api_token(
+            tenant_id=tenant_id,
+            token_type=ApiTokenType.DATASET,
+        )
 
         mock_rate_limit = Mock()
         mock_rate_limit.enabled = True
         mock_rate_limit.limit = 10
         mock_rate_limit.subscription_plan = "pro"
         mock_get_rate_limit.return_value = mock_rate_limit
-        rate_limit_log_session = MagicMock()
-        session_factory = MagicMock()
-        session_factory.begin.return_value.__enter__.return_value = rate_limit_log_session
-        mock_sessionmaker.return_value = session_factory
 
-        with patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.redis_client") as mock_redis:
+        with (
+            patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.redis_client") as mock_redis,
+            patch(
+                "controllers.service_api.wraps.db",
+                SimpleNamespace(engine=sqlite_session.get_bind()),
+            ),
+        ):
             mock_redis.zcard.return_value = 15  # Over limit
 
             @cloud_edition_billing_rate_limit_check("knowledge", "dataset")
@@ -499,9 +566,12 @@ class TestCloudEditionBillingRateLimitCheck:
                 with pytest.raises(Forbidden) as exc_info:
                     knowledge_request()
                 assert "rate limit" in str(exc_info.value)
-            mock_sessionmaker.assert_called_once_with(bind=mock_db.engine, expire_on_commit=False)
-            rate_limit_log_session.add.assert_called_once()
-            mock_db.session.commit.assert_not_called()
+
+        persisted_logs = sqlite_session.scalars(select(RateLimitLog)).all()
+        assert len(persisted_logs) == 1
+        assert persisted_logs[0].tenant_id == tenant_id
+        assert persisted_logs[0].subscription_plan == "pro"
+        assert persisted_logs[0].operation == "knowledge"
 
 
 class TestValidateDatasetToken:
@@ -515,65 +585,62 @@ class TestValidateDatasetToken:
         return app
 
     @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.user_logged_in")
-    @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.db")
     @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.validate_and_get_api_token")
     @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.current_app")
-    def test_valid_dataset_token(self, mock_current_app, mock_validate_token, mock_db, mock_user_logged_in, app: Flask):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "sqlite_session",
+        [(Tenant, Account, TenantAccountJoin)],
+        indirect=True,
+    )
+    def test_valid_dataset_token(
+        self,
+        mock_current_app,
+        mock_validate_token,
+        mock_user_logged_in,
+        app: Flask,
+        sqlite_session: Session,
+    ):
         """Test that valid dataset token allows access."""
         # Arrange
         _configure_current_app_mock(mock_current_app)
 
-        tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        mock_api_token = Mock()
-        mock_api_token.tenant_id = tenant_id
-        mock_validate_token.return_value = mock_api_token
-
-        mock_tenant = Mock()
-        mock_tenant.id = tenant_id
-        mock_tenant.status = TenantStatus.NORMAL
-
-        mock_ta = Mock()
-        mock_ta.account_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-
-        mock_account = Mock()
-        mock_account.id = mock_ta.account_id
-        mock_account.current_tenant = mock_tenant
-
-        # Mock the tenant account join query (execute(select(...)).one_or_none())
-        setup_mock_dataset_owner_execute_result(mock_db, mock_tenant, mock_ta)
-
-        # Mock the account lookup via session.get()
-        mock_db.session.get.return_value = mock_account
+        tenant, account, _ = _persist_workspace(sqlite_session)
+        api_token = _api_token(tenant_id=tenant.id, token_type=ApiTokenType.DATASET)
+        mock_validate_token.return_value = api_token
 
         @validate_dataset_token
         def protected_view(tenant_id):
             return {"success": True, "tenant_id": tenant_id}
 
         # Act
-        with app.test_request_context("/", method="GET", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer test_token"}):
+        with (
+            app.test_request_context("/", method="GET", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer test_token"}),
+            patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.db.session", _session_proxy(sqlite_session)),
+        ):
             result = protected_view()
 
         # Assert
         assert result["success"] is True
-        assert result["tenant_id"] == tenant_id
+        assert result["tenant_id"] == tenant.id
+        assert account.current_tenant_id == tenant.id
 
-    @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.db")
     @patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.validate_and_get_api_token")
-    def test_dataset_not_found_raises_not_found(self, mock_validate_token, mock_db, app: Flask):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(Dataset,)], indirect=True)
+    def test_dataset_not_found_raises_not_found(self, mock_validate_token, app: Flask, sqlite_session: Session):
         """Test that NotFound is raised when dataset doesn't exist."""
         # Arrange
-        mock_api_token = Mock()
-        mock_api_token.tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        mock_validate_token.return_value = mock_api_token
-
-        mock_db.session.scalar.return_value = None
+        api_token = _api_token(tenant_id=str(uuid.uuid4()), token_type=ApiTokenType.DATASET)
+        mock_validate_token.return_value = api_token
 
         @validate_dataset_token
         def protected_view(dataset_id=None, **kwargs):
             return {"success": True}
 
         # Act & Assert
-        with app.test_request_context("/", method="GET"):
+        with (
+            app.test_request_context("/", method="GET"),
+            patch("controllers.service_api.wraps.db.session", sqlite_session),
+        ):
             with pytest.raises(NotFound) as exc_info:
                 protected_view(dataset_id=str(uuid.uuid4()))
             assert "Dataset not found" in str(exc_info.value)

api/tests/unit_tests/controllers/test_swagger.py

@@ -634,11 +634,6 @@ def test_console_plugin_category_list_exported_schema_uses_typed_items(tmp_path)
     console_openapi_path = next(path for path in written_paths if path.name == "console-openapi.json")
     payload = json.loads(console_openapi_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
     operation = payload["paths"]["/workspaces/current/plugin/{category}/list"]["get"]
-    parameters = {parameter["name"]: parameter for parameter in operation["parameters"]}
-    assert parameters["query"]["in"] == "query"
-    assert parameters["tags"]["in"] == "query"
-    assert parameters["tags"]["schema"]["type"] == "array"
-    assert parameters["language"]["in"] == "query"
     response_ref = operation["responses"]["200"]["content"]["application/json"]["schema"]["$ref"].removeprefix(
         "#/components/schemas/"
     )
@@ -666,112 +661,3 @@ def test_console_plugin_category_list_exported_schema_uses_typed_items(tmp_path)
     builtin_tool_schema = schemas["PluginCategoryBuiltinToolProviderResponse"]
     for field in ("plugin_unique_identifier", "team_credentials", "type", "tools"):
         assert field in builtin_tool_schema["properties"]
-
-
-def test_console_installed_plugin_ids_exported_schema_is_lightweight(tmp_path):
-    from dev.generate_swagger_specs import generate_specs
-
-    written_paths = generate_specs(tmp_path)
-    console_openapi_path = next(path for path in written_paths if path.name == "console-openapi.json")
-    payload = json.loads(console_openapi_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-    operation = payload["paths"]["/workspaces/current/plugin/installed-ids"]["get"]
-    parameters = {parameter["name"]: parameter for parameter in operation["parameters"]}
-    assert parameters["category"]["in"] == "query"
-    assert parameters["category"]["required"] is True
-    assert parameters["category"]["schema"]["enum"] == [
-        "agent-strategy",
-        "datasource",
-        "extension",
-        "model",
-        "tool",
-        "trigger",
-    ]
-    response_ref = operation["responses"]["200"]["content"]["application/json"]["schema"]["$ref"].removeprefix(
-        "#/components/schemas/"
-    )
-    response_schema = payload["components"]["schemas"][response_ref]
-
-    assert response_schema["required"] == ["plugin_ids"]
-    assert response_schema["properties"] == {
-        "plugin_ids": {
-            "items": {"type": "string"},
-            "title": "Plugin Ids",
-            "type": "array",
-        }
-    }
-
-
-def test_console_model_provider_summary_exported_schema_is_lightweight(tmp_path):
-    from dev.generate_swagger_specs import generate_specs
-
-    written_paths = generate_specs(tmp_path)
-    console_openapi_path = next(path for path in written_paths if path.name == "console-openapi.json")
-    payload = json.loads(console_openapi_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-    operation = payload["paths"]["/workspaces/current/model-providers/summary"]["get"]
-    assert operation.get("parameters", []) == []
-
-    response_ref = operation["responses"]["200"]["content"]["application/json"]["schema"]["$ref"].removeprefix(
-        "#/components/schemas/"
-    )
-    response_schema = payload["components"]["schemas"][response_ref]
-    assert response_schema["required"] == ["data", "plugins"]
-    assert response_schema["properties"]["data"]["items"]["$ref"] == (
-        "#/components/schemas/ModelProviderSummaryResponse"
-    )
-    assert response_schema["properties"]["plugins"]["additionalProperties"]["$ref"] == (
-        "#/components/schemas/ModelProviderPluginSummaryResponse"
-    )
-
-    provider_properties = payload["components"]["schemas"]["ModelProviderSummaryResponse"]["properties"]
-    assert set(provider_properties) == {
-        "configurate_methods",
-        "custom_configuration",
-        "description",
-        "icon_small",
-        "icon_small_dark",
-        "is_configured",
-        "label",
-        "plugin_id",
-        "preferred_provider_type",
-        "provider",
-        "supported_model_types",
-        "system_configuration",
-    }
-    assert "provider_credential_schema" not in provider_properties
-    assert "model_credential_schema" not in provider_properties
-
-    custom_configuration_schema = payload["components"]["schemas"]["ModelProviderCustomConfigurationSummaryResponse"]
-    custom_configuration_properties = custom_configuration_schema["properties"]
-    assert set(custom_configuration_schema["required"]) == {
-        "available_credentials",
-        "current_credential_usable",
-        "status",
-    }
-    assert set(custom_configuration_properties) == {
-        "available_credentials",
-        "current_credential_id",
-        "current_credential_name",
-        "current_credential_usable",
-        "status",
-    }
-    assert custom_configuration_properties["available_credentials"]["items"]["$ref"] == (
-        "#/components/schemas/CredentialConfiguration"
-    )
-    assert "has_credentials" not in custom_configuration_properties
-
-    credential_properties = payload["components"]["schemas"]["CredentialConfiguration"]["properties"]
-    assert set(credential_properties) == {
-        "credential_id",
-        "credential_name",
-    }
-    assert "encrypted_config" not in credential_properties
-
-    plugin_properties = payload["components"]["schemas"]["ModelProviderPluginSummaryResponse"]["properties"]
-    assert set(plugin_properties) == {
-        "installation_id",
-        "plugin_id",
-        "plugin_unique_identifier",
-        "runtime_type",
-        "source",
-        "version",
-    }

api/tests/unit_tests/core/app/apps/agent_app/test_runtime_request_builder.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from types import SimpleNamespace
 from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
+from dify_agent.layers.config import DifyConfigSkillConfig
 from dify_agent.layers.dify_core_tools import DifyCoreToolConfig, DifyCoreToolsLayerConfig
 from dify_agent.layers.dify_plugin import DifyPluginToolConfig, DifyPluginToolsLayerConfig
 from dify_agent.layers.execution_context import DifyExecutionContextLayerConfig
@@ -29,6 +30,14 @@ from core.app.entities.app_invoke_entities import InvokeFrom, UserFrom
 from models.agent_config_entities import AgentSoulConfig
 
 
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _no_runtime_agent_skills(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "core.app.apps.agent_app.runtime_request_builder.load_runtime_agent_skill_configs",
+        lambda *, tenant_id, agent_id: [],
+    )
+
+
 def _exec_ctx() -> DifyExecutionContextLayerConfig:
     return DifyExecutionContextLayerConfig(
         tenant_id="tenant-1",
@@ -514,6 +523,33 @@ class TestAgentAppConfigLayer:
             "mentioned_file_names": [],
         }
 
+    def test_config_layer_includes_bound_workspace_skills(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            "core.app.apps.agent_app.runtime_request_builder.load_runtime_agent_skill_configs",
+            lambda *, tenant_id, agent_id: [
+                DifyConfigSkillConfig(
+                    name="workspace-skill",
+                    description="Bound workspace skill.",
+                    size=123,
+                    mime_type="application/zip",
+                )
+            ],
+        )
+        soul = _soul_with_model()
+        soul.prompt.system_prompt = "Use [§skill:workspace-skill:Workspace Skill§]."
+        builder = AgentAppRuntimeRequestBuilder(
+            credentials_provider=_FakeCredentialsProvider(),
+            dify_tools_builder=_NoToolsBuilder(),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        )
+
+        result = builder.build(_ctx(soul))
+
+        config = next(layer for layer in result.request.composition.layers if layer.name == DIFY_CONFIG_LAYER_ID)
+        assert [skill.name for skill in config.config.skills] == ["workspace-skill"]
+        assert config.config.mentioned_skill_names == ["workspace-skill"]
+        prompt_layer = next(layer for layer in result.request.composition.layers if layer.name == "agent_soul_prompt")
+        assert prompt_layer.config.prefix == "Use workspace-skill."
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         ("system_prompt", "expected_prefix"),
         [

api/tests/unit_tests/core/app/apps/workflow/test_generate_task_pipeline_core.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
-from contextlib import contextmanager
 from types import SimpleNamespace
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock
 
 import pytest
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from core.app.app_config.entities import AppAdditionalFeatures, WorkflowUIBasedAppConfig
 from core.app.apps.workflow.generate_task_pipeline import WorkflowAppGenerateTaskPipeline
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ from graphon.runtime import GraphRuntimeState, VariablePool
 from libs.datetime_utils import naive_utc_now
 from models.enums import CreatorUserRole
 from models.model import AppMode, EndUser
+from models.workflow import WorkflowAppLog
 from tests.workflow_test_utils import build_test_variable_pool
 
 
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ class TestWorkflowGenerateTaskPipeline:
 
         assert isinstance(responses[0], ValueError)
 
-    def test_handle_workflow_started_event_sets_run_id(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+    def test_handle_workflow_started_event_sets_run_id(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, sqlite_engine):
         pipeline = _make_pipeline()
         pipeline._graph_runtime_state = GraphRuntimeState(
             variable_pool=build_test_variable_pool(variables=build_system_variables(workflow_execution_id="run-id")),
@@ -201,11 +202,10 @@ class TestWorkflowGenerateTaskPipeline:
         )
         pipeline._workflow_response_converter.workflow_start_to_stream_response = lambda **kwargs: "started"
 
-        @contextmanager
-        def _fake_session():
-            yield SimpleNamespace()
-
-        monkeypatch.setattr(pipeline, "_database_session", _fake_session)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            "core.app.apps.workflow.generate_task_pipeline.db",
+            SimpleNamespace(engine=sqlite_engine),
+        )
         monkeypatch.setattr(pipeline, "_save_workflow_app_log", lambda **kwargs: None)
 
         responses = list(pipeline._handle_workflow_started_event(QueueWorkflowStartedEvent()))
@@ -339,19 +339,18 @@ class TestWorkflowGenerateTaskPipeline:
 
         assert responses == ["finish"]
 
-    def test_save_workflow_app_log_created_from(self):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(WorkflowAppLog,)], indirect=True)
+    def test_save_workflow_app_log_created_from(self, sqlite_session: Session):
         pipeline = _make_pipeline()
         pipeline._application_generate_entity.invoke_from = InvokeFrom.SERVICE_API
         pipeline._user_id = "user"
-        added: list[object] = []
+        pipeline._save_workflow_app_log(session=sqlite_session, workflow_run_id="run-id")
+        sqlite_session.flush()
 
-        class _Session:
-            def add(self, item):
-                added.append(item)
-
-        pipeline._save_workflow_app_log(session=_Session(), workflow_run_id="run-id")
-
-        assert added
+        saved_log = sqlite_session.scalar(select(WorkflowAppLog))
+        assert saved_log is not None
+        assert saved_log.workflow_run_id == "run-id"
+        assert saved_log.created_from == "service-api"
 
     def test_iteration_loop_and_human_input_handlers(self):
         pipeline = _make_pipeline()
@@ -674,35 +673,29 @@ class TestWorkflowGenerateTaskPipeline:
         assert "Fails to get audio trunk, task_id: task" in caplog.messages
         assert any(isinstance(item, MessageAudioEndStreamResponse) for item in responses)
 
-    def test_database_session_rolls_back_on_error(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(WorkflowAppLog,)], indirect=True)
+    def test_database_session_rolls_back_on_error(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, sqlite_engine, sqlite_session: Session
+    ):
         pipeline = _make_pipeline()
-        calls = {"enter": 0, "exit_exc": None}
+        pipeline._application_generate_entity.invoke_from = InvokeFrom.SERVICE_API
+        pipeline._user_id = "user"
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            "core.app.apps.workflow.generate_task_pipeline.db",
+            SimpleNamespace(engine=sqlite_engine),
+        )
 
-        class _BeginContext:
-            def __enter__(self):
-                calls["enter"] += 1
-                return MagicMock()
-
-            def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):
-                calls["exit_exc"] = exc_type
-                return False
-
-        class _Sessionmaker:
-            def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-                pass
-
-            def begin(self):
-                return _BeginContext()
-
-        monkeypatch.setattr("core.app.apps.workflow.generate_task_pipeline.sessionmaker", _Sessionmaker)
-        monkeypatch.setattr("core.app.apps.workflow.generate_task_pipeline.db", SimpleNamespace(engine=object()))
-
-        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="db error"):
-            with pipeline._database_session():
+        def persist_then_fail() -> None:
+            with pipeline._database_session() as session:
+                pipeline._save_workflow_app_log(session=session, workflow_run_id="run-id")
+                session.flush()
                 raise RuntimeError("db error")
 
-        assert calls["enter"] == 1
-        assert calls["exit_exc"] is RuntimeError
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="db error"):
+            persist_then_fail()
+
+        sqlite_session.expire_all()
+        assert sqlite_session.scalar(select(WorkflowAppLog)) is None
 
     def test_node_retry_and_started_handlers_cover_none_and_value(self):
         pipeline = _make_pipeline()
@@ -862,31 +855,30 @@ class TestWorkflowGenerateTaskPipeline:
         pipeline._handle_workflow_failed_and_stop_events = lambda event, **kwargs: iter(["stopped"])
         assert list(pipeline._process_stream_response()) == ["stopped"]
 
-    def test_save_workflow_app_log_covers_invoke_from_variants(self):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(WorkflowAppLog,)], indirect=True)
+    def test_save_workflow_app_log_covers_invoke_from_variants(self, sqlite_session: Session):
         pipeline = _make_pipeline()
         pipeline._user_id = "user-id"
-        added: list[object] = []
-
-        class _Session:
-            def add(self, item):
-                added.append(item)
 
         pipeline._application_generate_entity.invoke_from = InvokeFrom.EXPLORE
-        pipeline._save_workflow_app_log(session=_Session(), workflow_run_id="run-id")
-        assert added[-1].created_from == "installed-app"
+        pipeline._save_workflow_app_log(session=sqlite_session, workflow_run_id="run-id")
 
         pipeline._application_generate_entity.invoke_from = InvokeFrom.WEB_APP
-        pipeline._save_workflow_app_log(session=_Session(), workflow_run_id="run-id")
-        assert added[-1].created_from == "web-app"
+        pipeline._save_workflow_app_log(session=sqlite_session, workflow_run_id="run-id-2")
+        sqlite_session.flush()
+        saved_logs = sqlite_session.scalars(select(WorkflowAppLog).order_by(WorkflowAppLog.workflow_run_id)).all()
+        assert [log.created_from for log in saved_logs] == ["installed-app", "web-app"]
 
-        count_before = len(added)
+        count_before = len(saved_logs)
         pipeline._application_generate_entity.invoke_from = InvokeFrom.DEBUGGER
-        pipeline._save_workflow_app_log(session=_Session(), workflow_run_id="run-id")
-        assert len(added) == count_before
+        pipeline._save_workflow_app_log(session=sqlite_session, workflow_run_id="run-id-3")
+        sqlite_session.flush()
+        assert len(sqlite_session.scalars(select(WorkflowAppLog)).all()) == count_before
 
         pipeline._application_generate_entity.invoke_from = InvokeFrom.WEB_APP
-        pipeline._save_workflow_app_log(session=_Session(), workflow_run_id=None)
-        assert len(added) == count_before
+        pipeline._save_workflow_app_log(session=sqlite_session, workflow_run_id=None)
+        sqlite_session.flush()
+        assert len(sqlite_session.scalars(select(WorkflowAppLog)).all()) == count_before
 
     def test_save_output_for_event_writes_draft_variables(self):
         pipeline = _make_pipeline()

api/tests/unit_tests/core/app/layers/test_trigger_post_layer.py

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 import logging
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
 import pytest
+from sqlalchemy import Engine, event
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, sessionmaker
 
 from core.app.layers.trigger_post_layer import TriggerPostLayer
 from core.workflow.system_variables import build_system_variables
@@ -13,19 +17,63 @@ from graphon.graph_events import (
     GraphRunSucceededEvent,
 )
 from graphon.runtime import VariablePool
-from models.enums import WorkflowTriggerStatus
+from models.enums import AppTriggerType, CreatorUserRole, WorkflowTriggerStatus
+from models.trigger import WorkflowTriggerLog
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class TriggerDatabase:
+    session: Session
+    statements: list[str]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def trigger_database(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, sqlite_engine: Engine) -> Iterator[TriggerDatabase]:
+    """Create the trigger-log table and bind layer-owned sessions to SQLite."""
+    WorkflowTriggerLog.metadata.create_all(sqlite_engine, tables=[WorkflowTriggerLog.__table__])
+    sqlite_session_maker = sessionmaker(bind=sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("core.db.session_factory._session_maker", sqlite_session_maker)
+    statements: list[str] = []
+
+    def record_statement(_connection, _cursor, statement, _parameters, _context, _executemany) -> None:
+        statements.append(statement)
+
+    event.listen(sqlite_engine, "before_cursor_execute", record_statement)
+    with sqlite_session_maker() as session:
+        try:
+            yield TriggerDatabase(session=session, statements=statements)
+        finally:
+            event.remove(sqlite_engine, "before_cursor_execute", record_statement)
+
+
+def _persist_trigger_log(database: TriggerDatabase, *, trigger_log_id: str = "log-1") -> WorkflowTriggerLog:
+    trigger_log = WorkflowTriggerLog(
+        tenant_id="tenant-1",
+        app_id="app-1",
+        workflow_id="workflow-1",
+        workflow_run_id=None,
+        root_node_id=None,
+        trigger_metadata="{}",
+        trigger_type=AppTriggerType.TRIGGER_WEBHOOK,
+        trigger_data="{}",
+        inputs="{}",
+        outputs=None,
+        status=WorkflowTriggerStatus.RUNNING,
+        error=None,
+        queue_name="workflow",
+        celery_task_id=None,
+        created_by_role=CreatorUserRole.ACCOUNT,
+        created_by="account-1",
+    )
+    trigger_log.id = trigger_log_id
+    database.session.add(trigger_log)
+    database.session.commit()
+    return trigger_log
 
 
 class TestTriggerPostLayer:
-    def test_on_event_updates_trigger_log(self):
-        trigger_log = SimpleNamespace(
-            status=None,
-            workflow_run_id=None,
-            outputs=None,
-            elapsed_time=None,
-            total_tokens=None,
-            finished_at=None,
-        )
+    def test_on_event_updates_trigger_log(self, trigger_database: TriggerDatabase):
+        trigger_log = _persist_trigger_log(trigger_database)
         runtime_state = SimpleNamespace(
             outputs={"answer": "ok"},
             variable_pool=VariablePool.from_bootstrap(
@@ -35,19 +83,10 @@ class TestTriggerPostLayer:
         )
 
         with (
-            patch("core.app.layers.trigger_post_layer.session_factory") as mock_session_factory,
-            patch("core.app.layers.trigger_post_layer.SQLAlchemyWorkflowTriggerLogRepository") as mock_repo_cls,
             patch("core.app.layers.trigger_post_layer.datetime") as mock_datetime,
         ):
             mock_datetime.now.return_value = datetime(2026, 2, 20, tzinfo=UTC)
 
-            session = Mock()
-            mock_session_factory.create_session.return_value.__enter__.return_value = session
-
-            repo = Mock()
-            repo.get_by_id.return_value = trigger_log
-            mock_repo_cls.return_value = repo
-
             layer = TriggerPostLayer(
                 cfs_plan_scheduler_entity=Mock(),
                 start_time=datetime(2026, 2, 20, tzinfo=UTC) - timedelta(seconds=10),
@@ -57,25 +96,18 @@ class TestTriggerPostLayer:
 
             layer.on_event(GraphRunSucceededEvent())
 
-        assert trigger_log.status == WorkflowTriggerStatus.SUCCEEDED
-        assert trigger_log.workflow_run_id == "run-1"
-        assert trigger_log.outputs is not None
-        assert trigger_log.elapsed_time is not None
-        assert trigger_log.total_tokens == 12
-        assert trigger_log.finished_at is not None
-        repo.update.assert_called_once_with(trigger_log)
-        session.commit.assert_called_once()
+        trigger_database.session.expire_all()
+        persisted_log = trigger_database.session.get(WorkflowTriggerLog, trigger_log.id)
+        assert persisted_log is not None
+        assert persisted_log.status == WorkflowTriggerStatus.SUCCEEDED
+        assert persisted_log.workflow_run_id == "run-1"
+        assert persisted_log.outputs == '{"answer":"ok"}'
+        assert persisted_log.elapsed_time == 10
+        assert persisted_log.total_tokens == 12
+        assert persisted_log.finished_at is not None
 
-    def test_on_event_updates_trigger_log_for_aborted_event(self):
-        trigger_log = SimpleNamespace(
-            status=None,
-            workflow_run_id=None,
-            outputs=None,
-            error=None,
-            elapsed_time=None,
-            total_tokens=None,
-            finished_at=None,
-        )
+    def test_on_event_updates_trigger_log_for_aborted_event(self, trigger_database: TriggerDatabase):
+        trigger_log = _persist_trigger_log(trigger_database)
         runtime_state = SimpleNamespace(
             outputs={"partial": "ok"},
             variable_pool=VariablePool.from_bootstrap(
@@ -85,19 +117,10 @@ class TestTriggerPostLayer:
         )
 
         with (
-            patch("core.app.layers.trigger_post_layer.session_factory") as mock_session_factory,
-            patch("core.app.layers.trigger_post_layer.SQLAlchemyWorkflowTriggerLogRepository") as mock_repo_cls,
             patch("core.app.layers.trigger_post_layer.datetime") as mock_datetime,
         ):
             mock_datetime.now.return_value = datetime(2026, 2, 20, tzinfo=UTC)
 
-            session = Mock()
-            mock_session_factory.create_session.return_value.__enter__.return_value = session
-
-            repo = Mock()
-            repo.get_by_id.return_value = trigger_log
-            mock_repo_cls.return_value = repo
-
             layer = TriggerPostLayer(
                 cfs_plan_scheduler_entity=Mock(),
                 start_time=datetime(2026, 2, 20, tzinfo=UTC) - timedelta(seconds=10),
@@ -107,17 +130,22 @@ class TestTriggerPostLayer:
 
             layer.on_event(GraphRunAbortedEvent(reason="timeout"))
 
-        assert trigger_log.status == WorkflowTriggerStatus.FAILED
-        assert trigger_log.workflow_run_id == "run-1"
-        assert trigger_log.outputs is not None
-        assert trigger_log.error == "timeout"
-        assert trigger_log.elapsed_time is not None
-        assert trigger_log.total_tokens == 7
-        assert trigger_log.finished_at is not None
-        repo.update.assert_called_once_with(trigger_log)
-        session.commit.assert_called_once()
+        trigger_database.session.expire_all()
+        persisted_log = trigger_database.session.get(WorkflowTriggerLog, trigger_log.id)
+        assert persisted_log is not None
+        assert persisted_log.status == WorkflowTriggerStatus.FAILED
+        assert persisted_log.workflow_run_id == "run-1"
+        assert persisted_log.outputs == '{"partial":"ok"}'
+        assert persisted_log.error == "timeout"
+        assert persisted_log.elapsed_time == 10
+        assert persisted_log.total_tokens == 7
+        assert persisted_log.finished_at is not None
 
-    def test_on_event_handles_missing_trigger_log(self, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture):
+    def test_on_event_handles_missing_trigger_log(
+        self,
+        caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+        trigger_database: TriggerDatabase,
+    ):
         runtime_state = SimpleNamespace(
             outputs={},
             variable_pool=VariablePool.from_bootstrap(
@@ -126,31 +154,20 @@ class TestTriggerPostLayer:
             total_tokens=0,
         )
 
-        with (
-            patch("core.app.layers.trigger_post_layer.session_factory") as mock_session_factory,
-            patch("core.app.layers.trigger_post_layer.SQLAlchemyWorkflowTriggerLogRepository") as mock_repo_cls,
-        ):
-            session = Mock()
-            mock_session_factory.create_session.return_value.__enter__.return_value = session
+        layer = TriggerPostLayer(
+            cfs_plan_scheduler_entity=Mock(),
+            start_time=datetime(2026, 2, 20, tzinfo=UTC),
+            trigger_log_id="missing",
+        )
+        layer.initialize(runtime_state, Mock())
 
-            repo = Mock()
-            repo.get_by_id.return_value = None
-            mock_repo_cls.return_value = repo
-
-            layer = TriggerPostLayer(
-                cfs_plan_scheduler_entity=Mock(),
-                start_time=datetime(2026, 2, 20, tzinfo=UTC),
-                trigger_log_id="missing",
-            )
-            layer.initialize(runtime_state, Mock())
-
-            with caplog.at_level(logging.ERROR, logger="core.app.layers.trigger_post_layer"):
-                layer.on_event(GraphRunFailedEvent(error="boom"))
+        with caplog.at_level(logging.ERROR, logger="core.app.layers.trigger_post_layer"):
+            layer.on_event(GraphRunFailedEvent(error="boom"))
 
         assert any(record.levelno == logging.ERROR for record in caplog.records)
-        session.commit.assert_not_called()
+        assert trigger_database.session.get(WorkflowTriggerLog, "missing") is None
 
-    def test_on_event_ignores_non_status_events(self):
+    def test_on_event_ignores_non_status_events(self, trigger_database: TriggerDatabase):
         runtime_state = SimpleNamespace(
             outputs={},
             variable_pool=VariablePool.from_bootstrap(
@@ -159,14 +176,14 @@ class TestTriggerPostLayer:
             total_tokens=0,
         )
 
-        with patch("core.app.layers.trigger_post_layer.session_factory") as mock_session_factory:
-            layer = TriggerPostLayer(
-                cfs_plan_scheduler_entity=Mock(),
-                start_time=datetime(2026, 2, 20, tzinfo=UTC),
-                trigger_log_id="log-1",
-            )
-            layer.initialize(runtime_state, Mock())
+        layer = TriggerPostLayer(
+            cfs_plan_scheduler_entity=Mock(),
+            start_time=datetime(2026, 2, 20, tzinfo=UTC),
+            trigger_log_id="log-1",
+        )
+        layer.initialize(runtime_state, Mock())
 
-            layer.on_event(Mock())
+        trigger_database.statements.clear()
+        layer.on_event(Mock())
 
-        mock_session_factory.create_session.assert_not_called()
+        assert trigger_database.statements == []

api/tests/unit_tests/core/app/task_pipeline/test_message_cycle_manager_optimization.py

@@ -1,24 +1,95 @@
 """Unit tests for the message cycle manager optimization."""
 
 import logging
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
 import pytest
 from flask import Flask, current_app
+from sqlalchemy import Engine, event, select
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, sessionmaker
 
 from core.app.entities.queue_entities import QueueAnnotationReplyEvent, QueueRetrieverResourcesEvent
 from core.app.entities.task_entities import MessageStreamResponse, StreamEvent, TaskStateMetadata
+from core.app.task_pipeline import message_cycle_manager as message_cycle_manager_module
 from core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager import MessageCycleManager
 from core.rag.entities import RetrievalSourceMetadata
-from models.model import App, AppMode
+from graphon.file import FileTransferMethod, FileType
+from models import model as model_module
+from models.base import TypeBase
+from models.enums import ConversationFromSource, CreatorUserRole, MessageFileBelongsTo
+from models.model import App, AppMode, Conversation, MessageFile
 
 
-def _patch_create_session(mock_session):
-    session_cm = Mock()
-    session_cm.__enter__ = Mock(return_value=mock_session)
-    session_cm.__exit__ = Mock(return_value=False)
-    return patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.session_factory.create_session", return_value=session_cm)
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class _SQLiteDb:
+    engine: Engine
+    session: Session
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def cycle_db(sqlite_engine: Engine, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> Iterator[Session]:
+    """Bind request-owned and cycle-manager-owned sessions to isolated SQLite."""
+    TypeBase.metadata.create_all(
+        sqlite_engine,
+        tables=[App.__table__, Conversation.__table__, MessageFile.__table__],
+    )
+    owned_session_factory = sessionmaker(bind=sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+    with owned_session_factory() as request_session:
+        sqlite_db = _SQLiteDb(engine=sqlite_engine, session=request_session)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(message_cycle_manager_module, "db", sqlite_db)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(model_module, "db", sqlite_db)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(message_cycle_manager_module.session_factory, "create_session", owned_session_factory)
+        yield request_session
+
+
+def _app(*, app_id: str = "app-id", tenant_id: str = "tenant-1") -> App:
+    return App(
+        id=app_id,
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        name="Test App",
+        description="",
+        mode=AppMode.CHAT,
+        enable_site=True,
+        enable_api=True,
+        max_active_requests=0,
+    )
+
+
+def _conversation(*, conversation_id: str = "conv-1", app_id: str = "app-id") -> Conversation:
+    conversation = Conversation(
+        app_id=app_id,
+        mode=AppMode.CHAT,
+        name="",
+        status="normal",
+        from_source=ConversationFromSource.API,
+        inputs={},
+    )
+    conversation.id = conversation_id
+    return conversation
+
+
+def _message_file(
+    *,
+    file_id: str = "file-1",
+    message_id: str = "test-message-id",
+    belongs_to: MessageFileBelongsTo | None = MessageFileBelongsTo.ASSISTANT,
+    url: str | None = "http://example.com/image.png",
+    file_type: FileType = FileType.IMAGE,
+) -> MessageFile:
+    message_file = MessageFile(
+        message_id=message_id,
+        type=file_type,
+        transfer_method=FileTransferMethod.TOOL_FILE,
+        created_by_role=CreatorUserRole.ACCOUNT,
+        created_by="account-id",
+        belongs_to=belongs_to,
+        url=url,
+    )
+    message_file.id = file_id
+    return message_file
 
 
 class TestMessageCycleManagerOptimization:
@@ -37,30 +108,22 @@ class TestMessageCycleManagerOptimization:
         task_state = Mock()
         return MessageCycleManager(application_generate_entity=mock_application_generate_entity, task_state=task_state)
 
-    def test_get_message_event_type_with_assistant_file(self, message_cycle_manager):
+    def test_get_message_event_type_with_assistant_file(self, message_cycle_manager, cycle_db: Session):
         """Test get_message_event_type returns MESSAGE_FILE when message has assistant-generated files.
 
         This ensures that AI-generated images (belongs_to='assistant') trigger the MESSAGE_FILE event,
         allowing the frontend to properly display generated image files with url field.
         """
-        with patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.session_factory") as mock_session_factory:
-            # Setup mock session and message file
-            mock_session = Mock()
-            mock_session_factory.create_session.return_value.__enter__.return_value = mock_session
+        cycle_db.add(_message_file())
+        cycle_db.commit()
 
-            mock_message_file = Mock()
-            mock_message_file.belongs_to = "assistant"
-            mock_session.scalar.return_value = mock_message_file
+        with current_app.app_context():
+            result = message_cycle_manager.get_message_event_type("test-message-id")
 
-            # Execute
-            with current_app.app_context():
-                result = message_cycle_manager.get_message_event_type("test-message-id")
+        assert result == StreamEvent.MESSAGE_FILE
+        assert "test-message-id" in message_cycle_manager._message_has_file
 
-            # Assert
-            assert result == StreamEvent.MESSAGE_FILE
-            mock_session.scalar.assert_called_once()
-
-    def test_get_message_event_type_with_user_file(self, message_cycle_manager):
+    def test_get_message_event_type_with_user_file(self, message_cycle_manager, cycle_db: Session):
         """Test get_message_event_type returns MESSAGE when message only has user-uploaded files.
 
         This is a regression test for the issue where user-uploaded images (belongs_to='user')
@@ -68,90 +131,81 @@ class TestMessageCycleManagerOptimization:
         resulting in broken images in the chat UI. The query filters for belongs_to='assistant',
         so when only user files exist, the database query returns None, resulting in MESSAGE event type.
         """
-        with patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.session_factory") as mock_session_factory:
-            # Setup mock session and message file
-            mock_session = Mock()
-            mock_session_factory.create_session.return_value.__enter__.return_value = mock_session
+        cycle_db.add(_message_file(belongs_to=MessageFileBelongsTo.USER))
+        cycle_db.commit()
 
-            # When querying for assistant files with only user files present, return None
-            # (simulates database query with belongs_to='assistant' filter returning no results)
-            mock_session.scalar.return_value = None
+        with current_app.app_context():
+            result = message_cycle_manager.get_message_event_type("test-message-id")
 
-            # Execute
-            with current_app.app_context():
-                result = message_cycle_manager.get_message_event_type("test-message-id")
+        assert result == StreamEvent.MESSAGE
+        assert "test-message-id" not in message_cycle_manager._message_has_file
 
-            # Assert
-            assert result == StreamEvent.MESSAGE
-            mock_session.scalar.assert_called_once()
-
-    def test_get_message_event_type_without_message_file(self, message_cycle_manager):
+    def test_get_message_event_type_without_message_file(self, message_cycle_manager, cycle_db: Session):
         """Test get_message_event_type returns MESSAGE when message has no files."""
-        with patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.session_factory") as mock_session_factory:
-            # Setup mock session and no message file
-            mock_session = Mock()
-            mock_session_factory.create_session.return_value.__enter__.return_value = mock_session
-            # Current implementation uses session.scalar(select(...))
-            mock_session.scalar.return_value = None
+        assert list(cycle_db.scalars(select(MessageFile)).all()) == []
 
-            # Execute
-            with current_app.app_context():
-                result = message_cycle_manager.get_message_event_type("test-message-id")
+        with current_app.app_context():
+            result = message_cycle_manager.get_message_event_type("test-message-id")
 
-            # Assert
-            assert result == StreamEvent.MESSAGE
-            mock_session.scalar.assert_called_once()
+        assert result == StreamEvent.MESSAGE
 
-    def test_get_message_event_type_uses_cache_without_query(self, message_cycle_manager):
+    def test_get_message_event_type_uses_cache_without_query(
+        self, message_cycle_manager, cycle_db: Session, sqlite_engine: Engine
+    ):
         """Return MESSAGE_FILE directly from in-memory cache without opening a DB session."""
         message_cycle_manager._message_has_file.add("cached-message")
+        statements: list[str] = []
 
-        with patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.session_factory") as mock_session_factory:
+        def record_statement(_conn, _cursor, statement, _parameters, _context, _executemany) -> None:
+            statements.append(statement)
+
+        event.listen(sqlite_engine, "before_cursor_execute", record_statement)
+        try:
             result = message_cycle_manager.get_message_event_type("cached-message")
+        finally:
+            event.remove(sqlite_engine, "before_cursor_execute", record_statement)
 
         assert result == StreamEvent.MESSAGE_FILE
-        mock_session_factory.create_session.assert_not_called()
+        assert statements == []
 
-    def test_message_to_stream_response_with_precomputed_event_type(self, message_cycle_manager):
+    def test_message_to_stream_response_with_precomputed_event_type(self, message_cycle_manager, cycle_db: Session):
         """MessageCycleManager.message_to_stream_response expects a valid event_type; callers should precompute it."""
-        with patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.session_factory") as mock_session_factory:
-            # Setup mock session and message file
-            mock_session = Mock()
-            mock_session_factory.create_session.return_value.__enter__.return_value = mock_session
+        cycle_db.add(_message_file())
+        cycle_db.commit()
 
-            mock_message_file = Mock()
-            mock_message_file.belongs_to = "assistant"
-            mock_session.scalar.return_value = mock_message_file
+        with current_app.app_context():
+            event_type = message_cycle_manager.get_message_event_type("test-message-id")
+            result = message_cycle_manager.message_to_stream_response(
+                answer="Hello world", message_id="test-message-id", event_type=event_type
+            )
 
-            # Execute: compute event type once, then pass to message_to_stream_response
-            with current_app.app_context():
-                event_type = message_cycle_manager.get_message_event_type("test-message-id")
-                result = message_cycle_manager.message_to_stream_response(
-                    answer="Hello world", message_id="test-message-id", event_type=event_type
-                )
+        assert isinstance(result, MessageStreamResponse)
+        assert result.answer == "Hello world"
+        assert result.id == "test-message-id"
+        assert result.event == StreamEvent.MESSAGE_FILE
 
-            # Assert
-            assert isinstance(result, MessageStreamResponse)
-            assert result.answer == "Hello world"
-            assert result.id == "test-message-id"
-            assert result.event == StreamEvent.MESSAGE_FILE
-            mock_session.scalar.assert_called_once()
-
-    def test_message_to_stream_response_with_event_type_skips_query(self, message_cycle_manager):
+    def test_message_to_stream_response_with_event_type_skips_query(
+        self, message_cycle_manager, cycle_db: Session, sqlite_engine: Engine
+    ):
         """Test that message_to_stream_response skips database query when event_type is provided."""
-        with patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.session_factory") as mock_session_factory:
-            # Execute with event_type provided
+        statements: list[str] = []
+
+        def record_statement(_conn, _cursor, statement, _parameters, _context, _executemany) -> None:
+            statements.append(statement)
+
+        event.listen(sqlite_engine, "before_cursor_execute", record_statement)
+        try:
             result = message_cycle_manager.message_to_stream_response(
                 answer="Hello world", message_id="test-message-id", event_type=StreamEvent.MESSAGE
             )
+        finally:
+            event.remove(sqlite_engine, "before_cursor_execute", record_statement)
 
-            # Assert
-            assert isinstance(result, MessageStreamResponse)
-            assert result.answer == "Hello world"
-            assert result.id == "test-message-id"
-            assert result.event == StreamEvent.MESSAGE
-            # Should not open a session when event_type is provided
-            mock_session_factory.create_session.assert_not_called()
+        assert isinstance(result, MessageStreamResponse)
+        assert result.answer == "Hello world"
+        assert result.id == "test-message-id"
+        assert result.event == StreamEvent.MESSAGE
+        assert statements == []
 
     def test_message_to_stream_response_with_from_variable_selector(self, message_cycle_manager):
         """Test message_to_stream_response with from_variable_selector parameter."""
@@ -168,40 +222,32 @@ class TestMessageCycleManagerOptimization:
         assert result.from_variable_selector == ["var1", "var2"]
         assert result.event == StreamEvent.MESSAGE
 
-    def test_optimization_usage_example(self, message_cycle_manager):
+    def test_optimization_usage_example(self, message_cycle_manager, cycle_db: Session, sqlite_engine: Engine):
         """Test the optimization pattern that should be used by callers."""
-        # Step 1: Get event type once (this queries database)
-        with patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.session_factory") as mock_session_factory:
-            mock_session = Mock()
-            mock_session_factory.create_session.return_value.__enter__.return_value = mock_session
-            # Current implementation uses session.scalar(select(...))
-            mock_session.scalar.return_value = None  # No files
+        statements: list[str] = []
+
+        def record_statement(_conn, _cursor, statement, _parameters, _context, _executemany) -> None:
+            statements.append(statement)
+
+        event.listen(sqlite_engine, "before_cursor_execute", record_statement)
+        try:
             with current_app.app_context():
                 event_type = message_cycle_manager.get_message_event_type("test-message-id")
-
-        # Should open session once
-        mock_session_factory.create_session.assert_called_once()
-        assert event_type == StreamEvent.MESSAGE
-
-        # Step 2: Use event_type for multiple calls (no additional queries)
-        with patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.session_factory") as mock_session_factory:
-            mock_session_factory.create_session.return_value.__enter__.return_value = Mock()
-
             chunk1_response = message_cycle_manager.message_to_stream_response(
                 answer="Chunk 1", message_id="test-message-id", event_type=event_type
             )
-
             chunk2_response = message_cycle_manager.message_to_stream_response(
                 answer="Chunk 2", message_id="test-message-id", event_type=event_type
             )
+        finally:
+            event.remove(sqlite_engine, "before_cursor_execute", record_statement)
 
-            # Should not open session again when event_type provided
-            mock_session_factory.create_session.assert_not_called()
-
-            assert chunk1_response.event == StreamEvent.MESSAGE
-            assert chunk2_response.event == StreamEvent.MESSAGE
-            assert chunk1_response.answer == "Chunk 1"
-            assert chunk2_response.answer == "Chunk 2"
+        assert event_type == StreamEvent.MESSAGE
+        assert len([statement for statement in statements if statement.lstrip().upper().startswith("SELECT")]) == 1
+        assert chunk1_response.event == StreamEvent.MESSAGE
+        assert chunk2_response.event == StreamEvent.MESSAGE
+        assert chunk1_response.answer == "Chunk 1"
+        assert chunk2_response.answer == "Chunk 2"
 
     def test_generate_conversation_name_returns_none_for_completion(self, message_cycle_manager):
         """Return None when completion entities are used for conversation naming.
@@ -269,51 +315,38 @@ class TestMessageCycleManagerOptimization:
         assert message_cycle_manager._application_generate_entity.is_new_conversation is False
         mock_timer.assert_not_called()
 
-    def test_generate_conversation_name_worker_returns_when_conversation_missing(self, message_cycle_manager):
+    def test_generate_conversation_name_worker_returns_when_conversation_missing(
+        self, message_cycle_manager, cycle_db: Session
+    ):
         """Return early when the conversation cannot be found."""
         flask_app = Flask(__name__)
-        db_session = Mock()
-        db_session.scalar.return_value = None
+        assert list(cycle_db.scalars(select(Conversation)).all()) == []
 
-        with _patch_create_session(db_session):
-            message_cycle_manager._generate_conversation_name_worker(flask_app, "conv-missing", "hello")
+        message_cycle_manager._generate_conversation_name_worker(flask_app, "conv-missing", "hello")
 
-        db_session.commit.assert_not_called()
+        assert list(cycle_db.scalars(select(Conversation)).all()) == []
 
-    def test_generate_conversation_name_worker_returns_when_app_missing(self, message_cycle_manager):
+    def test_generate_conversation_name_worker_returns_when_app_missing(self, message_cycle_manager, cycle_db: Session):
         """Return early when non-completion conversation has no app relation."""
         flask_app = Flask(__name__)
-        conversation = SimpleNamespace(mode=AppMode.CHAT, app=None, app_id="app-id")
-        db_session = Mock()
-        db_session.scalar.return_value = conversation
-        db_session.get.return_value = None
+        conversation = _conversation()
+        cycle_db.add(conversation)
+        cycle_db.commit()
 
-        with _patch_create_session(db_session):
-            message_cycle_manager._generate_conversation_name_worker(flask_app, "conv-1", "hello")
+        message_cycle_manager._generate_conversation_name_worker(flask_app, "conv-1", "hello")
 
-        db_session.commit.assert_not_called()
+        assert cycle_db.get(Conversation, "conv-1").name == ""
+        assert cycle_db.get(App, "app-id") is None
 
-    def test_generate_conversation_name_worker_uses_cached_name(self, message_cycle_manager):
+    def test_generate_conversation_name_worker_uses_cached_name(
+        self, message_cycle_manager, cycle_db: Session, sqlite_engine: Engine
+    ):
         """Use cached conversation name when present and avoid LLM call."""
         flask_app = Flask(__name__)
-
-        class ConversationWithPoisonedApp:
-            mode = AppMode.CHAT
-            app_id = "app-id"
-            name = ""
-
-            @property
-            def app(self):
-                raise AssertionError("conversation.app must not open an implicit session")
-
-        conversation = ConversationWithPoisonedApp()
-        app_model = SimpleNamespace(tenant_id="tenant-1")
-        db_session = Mock()
-        db_session.scalar.return_value = conversation
-        db_session.get.return_value = app_model
+        cycle_db.add_all([_app(), _conversation()])
+        cycle_db.commit()
 
         with (
-            _patch_create_session(db_session) as create_session,
             patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.redis_client") as mock_redis,
             patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.LLMGenerator") as mock_llm_generator,
         ):
@@ -321,27 +354,23 @@ class TestMessageCycleManagerOptimization:
 
             message_cycle_manager._generate_conversation_name_worker(flask_app, "conv-1", "hello")
 
+        assert cycle_db.in_transaction() is False
+        with Session(sqlite_engine) as verification_session:
+            conversation = verification_session.get(Conversation, "conv-1")
+        assert conversation is not None
         assert conversation.name == "cached-title"
-        create_session.assert_called_once_with()
-        db_session.get.assert_called_once_with(App, "app-id")
-        db_session.commit.assert_called_once()
         mock_llm_generator.generate_conversation_name.assert_not_called()
         mock_redis.setex.assert_not_called()
 
-    def test_generate_conversation_name_worker_generates_and_caches_name(self, message_cycle_manager):
+    def test_generate_conversation_name_worker_generates_and_caches_name(
+        self, message_cycle_manager, cycle_db: Session, sqlite_engine: Engine
+    ):
         """Generate conversation name and write it to redis cache on cache miss."""
         flask_app = Flask(__name__)
-        conversation = SimpleNamespace(
-            mode=AppMode.CHAT,
-            app=SimpleNamespace(tenant_id="tenant-1"),
-            app_id="app-id",
-            name="",
-        )
-        db_session = Mock()
-        db_session.scalar.return_value = conversation
+        cycle_db.add_all([_app(), _conversation()])
+        cycle_db.commit()
 
         with (
-            _patch_create_session(db_session),
             patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.redis_client") as mock_redis,
             patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.LLMGenerator") as mock_llm_generator,
         ):
@@ -350,27 +379,27 @@ class TestMessageCycleManagerOptimization:
 
             message_cycle_manager._generate_conversation_name_worker(flask_app, "conv-1", "hello")
 
+        assert cycle_db.in_transaction() is False
+        with Session(sqlite_engine) as verification_session:
+            conversation = verification_session.get(Conversation, "conv-1")
+        assert conversation is not None
         assert conversation.name == "generated-title"
-        db_session.commit.assert_called_once()
         mock_redis.setex.assert_called_once()
 
     def test_generate_conversation_name_worker_falls_back_when_generation_fails(
-        self, message_cycle_manager, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+        self,
+        message_cycle_manager,
+        cycle_db: Session,
+        sqlite_engine: Engine,
+        caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
     ):
         """Fallback to truncated query when LLM generation fails."""
         flask_app = Flask(__name__)
-        conversation = SimpleNamespace(
-            mode=AppMode.CHAT,
-            app=SimpleNamespace(tenant_id="tenant-1"),
-            app_id="app-id",
-            name="",
-        )
-        db_session = Mock()
-        db_session.scalar.return_value = conversation
+        cycle_db.add_all([_app(), _conversation()])
+        cycle_db.commit()
         long_query = "q" * 60
 
         with (
-            _patch_create_session(db_session),
             patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.redis_client") as mock_redis,
             patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.LLMGenerator") as mock_llm_generator,
             patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.dify_config") as mock_dify_config,
@@ -382,8 +411,11 @@ class TestMessageCycleManagerOptimization:
             with caplog.at_level(logging.ERROR, logger="core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager"):
                 message_cycle_manager._generate_conversation_name_worker(flask_app, "conv-1", long_query)
 
+        assert cycle_db.in_transaction() is False
+        with Session(sqlite_engine) as verification_session:
+            conversation = verification_session.get(Conversation, "conv-1")
+        assert conversation is not None
         assert conversation.name == (long_query[:47] + "...")
-        db_session.commit.assert_called_once()
         assert any(record.levelno == logging.ERROR for record in caplog.records)
 
     def test_handle_annotation_reply_sets_metadata(self, message_cycle_manager):
@@ -454,33 +486,25 @@ class TestMessageCycleManagerOptimization:
         assert message_cycle_manager._task_state.metadata.retriever_resources[0].position == 1
         assert message_cycle_manager._task_state.metadata.retriever_resources[1].position == 2
 
-    def test_message_file_to_stream_response_builds_signed_url(self, message_cycle_manager):
+    def test_message_file_to_stream_response_builds_signed_url(self, message_cycle_manager, cycle_db: Session):
         """Build a stream response with a signed tool file URL.
 
-        Args: message_cycle_manager with mocked Session/db and sign_tool_file.
+        Args: message_cycle_manager with a persisted MessageFile and mocked sign_tool_file.
         Returns: MessageStreamResponse with signed url and belongs_to normalized to user.
         Side effects: Calls sign_tool_file for tool file ids.
         """
         message_cycle_manager._application_generate_entity.task_id = "task-1"
-
-        message_file = SimpleNamespace(
-            id="file-1",
-            type="image",
-            belongs_to=None,
-            url="tool://file.verylongextension",
-            message_id="msg-1",
+        cycle_db.add(
+            _message_file(
+                file_id="file-1",
+                message_id="msg-1",
+                belongs_to=None,
+                url="tool://file.verylongextension",
+            )
         )
+        cycle_db.commit()
 
-        session = Mock()
-        session.scalar.return_value = message_file
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.Session") as mock_session_cls,
-            patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.sign_tool_file") as mock_sign,
-            patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.db") as mock_db,
-        ):
-            mock_db.engine = Mock()
-            mock_session_cls.return_value.__enter__.return_value = session
+        with patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.sign_tool_file") as mock_sign:
             mock_sign.return_value = "signed-url"
 
             response = message_cycle_manager.message_file_to_stream_response(SimpleNamespace(message_file_id="file-1"))
@@ -514,56 +538,42 @@ class TestMessageCycleManagerOptimization:
         assert len(message_cycle_manager._task_state.metadata.retriever_resources) == 1
         assert message_cycle_manager._task_state.metadata.retriever_resources[0].position == 1
 
-    def test_message_file_to_stream_response_uses_http_url_directly(self, message_cycle_manager):
+    def test_message_file_to_stream_response_uses_http_url_directly(self, message_cycle_manager, cycle_db: Session):
         """Use original URL when message file URL is already HTTP."""
         message_cycle_manager._application_generate_entity.task_id = "task-http"
-        message_file = SimpleNamespace(
-            id="file-http",
-            type="image",
-            belongs_to="assistant",
-            url="http://example.com/pic.png",
-            message_id="msg-http",
-        )
-
-        session = Mock()
-        session.scalar.return_value = message_file
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.Session") as mock_session_cls,
-            patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.db") as mock_db,
-        ):
-            mock_db.engine = Mock()
-            mock_session_cls.return_value.__enter__.return_value = session
-
-            response = message_cycle_manager.message_file_to_stream_response(
-                SimpleNamespace(message_file_id="file-http")
+        cycle_db.add(
+            _message_file(
+                file_id="file-http",
+                message_id="msg-http",
+                belongs_to=MessageFileBelongsTo.ASSISTANT,
+                url="http://example.com/pic.png",
             )
+        )
+        cycle_db.commit()
+
+        response = message_cycle_manager.message_file_to_stream_response(SimpleNamespace(message_file_id="file-http"))
 
         assert response is not None
         assert response.url == "http://example.com/pic.png"
         assert "msg-http" in message_cycle_manager._message_has_file
 
-    def test_message_file_to_stream_response_defaults_extension_to_bin_without_dot(self, message_cycle_manager):
+    def test_message_file_to_stream_response_defaults_extension_to_bin_without_dot(
+        self, message_cycle_manager, cycle_db: Session
+    ):
         """Default tool file extension to .bin when URL has no extension part."""
         message_cycle_manager._application_generate_entity.task_id = "task-bin"
-        message_file = SimpleNamespace(
-            id="file-bin",
-            type="file",
-            belongs_to="assistant",
-            url="tool-file-id",
-            message_id="msg-bin",
+        cycle_db.add(
+            _message_file(
+                file_id="file-bin",
+                message_id="msg-bin",
+                belongs_to=MessageFileBelongsTo.ASSISTANT,
+                url="tool-file-id",
+                file_type=FileType.CUSTOM,
+            )
         )
+        cycle_db.commit()
 
-        session = Mock()
-        session.scalar.return_value = message_file
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.Session") as mock_session_cls,
-            patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.sign_tool_file") as mock_sign,
-            patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.db") as mock_db,
-        ):
-            mock_db.engine = Mock()
-            mock_session_cls.return_value.__enter__.return_value = session
+        with patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.sign_tool_file") as mock_sign:
             mock_sign.return_value = "signed-bin-url"
 
             response = message_cycle_manager.message_file_to_stream_response(
@@ -574,19 +584,13 @@ class TestMessageCycleManagerOptimization:
         assert response.url == "signed-bin-url"
         mock_sign.assert_called_once_with(tool_file_id="tool-file-id", extension=".bin")
 
-    def test_message_file_to_stream_response_returns_none_when_file_missing(self, message_cycle_manager):
+    def test_message_file_to_stream_response_returns_none_when_file_missing(
+        self, message_cycle_manager, cycle_db: Session
+    ):
         """Return None when message file lookup does not find a record."""
-        session = Mock()
-        session.scalar.return_value = None
+        assert list(cycle_db.scalars(select(MessageFile)).all()) == []
 
-        with (
-            patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.Session") as mock_session_cls,
-            patch("core.app.task_pipeline.message_cycle_manager.db") as mock_db,
-        ):
-            mock_db.engine = Mock()
-            mock_session_cls.return_value.__enter__.return_value = session
-
-            response = message_cycle_manager.message_file_to_stream_response(SimpleNamespace(message_file_id="missing"))
+        response = message_cycle_manager.message_file_to_stream_response(SimpleNamespace(message_file_id="missing"))
 
         assert response is None
 

api/tests/unit_tests/core/datasource/test_datasource_manager.py

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 import types
-from collections.abc import Generator
+from collections.abc import Generator, Iterator
 
 import pytest
 from pytest_mock import MockerFixture
+from sqlalchemy.engine import Engine
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, sessionmaker
 
 from contexts.wrapper import RecyclableContextVar
+from core.datasource import datasource_manager as datasource_manager_module
 from core.datasource.datasource_manager import DatasourceManager
 from core.datasource.entities.datasource_entities import DatasourceMessage, DatasourceProviderType
 from core.datasource.errors import DatasourceProviderNotFoundError
@@ -12,6 +15,34 @@ from core.workflow.file_reference import parse_file_reference
 from graphon.enums import WorkflowNodeExecutionStatus
 from graphon.file import File, FileTransferMethod, FileType
 from graphon.node_events import StreamChunkEvent, StreamCompletedEvent
+from models.base import TypeBase
+from models.tools import ToolFile
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def tool_file_session(sqlite_engine: Engine, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> Iterator[Session]:
+    """Bind datasource-owned lookups to a SQLite ToolFile table."""
+    TypeBase.metadata.create_all(sqlite_engine, tables=[TypeBase.metadata.tables[ToolFile.__tablename__]])
+    session_maker = sessionmaker(bind=sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(datasource_manager_module.session_factory, "create_session", session_maker)
+    with session_maker() as session:
+        yield session
+
+
+def _persist_tool_file(session: Session, *, file_id: str, tenant_id: str) -> ToolFile:
+    tool_file = ToolFile(
+        user_id="user-1",
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        conversation_id=None,
+        file_key="files/image.png",
+        mimetype="image/png",
+        name="image.png",
+        size=10,
+    )
+    tool_file.id = file_id
+    session.add(tool_file)
+    session.commit()
+    return tool_file
 
 
 def _gen_messages_text_only(text: str) -> Generator[DatasourceMessage, None, None]:
@@ -373,7 +404,8 @@ def test_stream_node_events_emits_events_online_document(mocker: MockerFixture):
     assert events[-1].node_run_result.status == WorkflowNodeExecutionStatus.SUCCEEDED
 
 
-def test_stream_node_events_builds_file_and_variables_from_messages(mocker: MockerFixture):
+def test_stream_node_events_builds_file_and_variables_from_messages(mocker: MockerFixture, tool_file_session: Session):
+    _persist_tool_file(tool_file_session, file_id="tool_file_1", tenant_id="t1")
     mocker.patch.object(DatasourceManager, "stream_online_results", return_value=_gen_messages_text_only("ignored"))
 
     def _transformed(**_kwargs):
@@ -418,19 +450,6 @@ def test_stream_node_events_builds_file_and_variables_from_messages(mocker: Mock
         side_effect=_transformed,
     )
 
-    fake_tool_file = types.SimpleNamespace(mimetype="image/png")
-
-    class _Session:
-        def __enter__(self):
-            return self
-
-        def __exit__(self, *exc):
-            return False
-
-        def scalar(self, _stmt):
-            return fake_tool_file
-
-    mocker.patch("core.datasource.datasource_manager.session_factory.create_session", return_value=_Session())
     mocker.patch("core.datasource.datasource_manager.get_file_type_by_mime_type", return_value=FileType.IMAGE)
     built = File(
         file_type=FileType.IMAGE,
@@ -481,7 +500,8 @@ def test_stream_node_events_builds_file_and_variables_from_messages(mocker: Mock
     assert events[-1].node_run_result.outputs["x"] == 1
 
 
-def test_stream_node_events_raises_when_toolfile_missing(mocker: MockerFixture):
+def test_stream_node_events_raises_when_toolfile_missing(mocker: MockerFixture, tool_file_session: Session):
+    _persist_tool_file(tool_file_session, file_id="missing", tenant_id="other-tenant")
     mocker.patch.object(DatasourceManager, "stream_online_results", return_value=_gen_messages_text_only("ignored"))
 
     def _transformed(**_kwargs):
@@ -496,18 +516,6 @@ def test_stream_node_events_raises_when_toolfile_missing(mocker: MockerFixture):
         side_effect=_transformed,
     )
 
-    class _Session:
-        def __enter__(self):
-            return self
-
-        def __exit__(self, *exc):
-            return False
-
-        def scalar(self, _stmt):
-            return None
-
-    mocker.patch("core.datasource.datasource_manager.session_factory.create_session", return_value=_Session())
-
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="ToolFile not found for file_id=missing, tenant_id=t1"):
         list(
             DatasourceManager.stream_node_events(

api/tests/unit_tests/core/datasource/test_notion_provider.py

@@ -14,18 +14,64 @@ Tests follow the Arrange-Act-Assert pattern for clarity.
 """
 
 import json
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Any
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+from uuid import uuid4
 
 import httpx
 import pytest
+from sqlalchemy.engine import Engine
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from core.datasource.entities.datasource_entities import DatasourceProviderType
 from core.datasource.online_document.online_document_provider import (
     OnlineDocumentDatasourcePluginProviderController,
 )
+from core.rag.extractor import notion_extractor as notion_extractor_module
 from core.rag.extractor.notion_extractor import NotionExtractor
 from core.rag.models.document import Document
+from models.base import TypeBase
+from models.dataset import Document as DocumentModel
+from models.enums import DataSourceType, DocumentCreatedFrom
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class _Database:
+    """Expose the real SQLite session used by the extractor update."""
+
+    session: Session
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def database(sqlite_engine: Engine, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> Iterator[_Database]:
+    """Bind a real session for Notion document metadata persistence."""
+
+    TypeBase.metadata.create_all(sqlite_engine, tables=[DocumentModel.__table__])
+    with Session(sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
+        database = _Database(session)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(notion_extractor_module, "db", database)
+        yield database
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def persisted_document(database: _Database) -> DocumentModel:
+    document = DocumentModel(
+        id=str(uuid4()),
+        tenant_id=str(uuid4()),
+        dataset_id=str(uuid4()),
+        position=1,
+        data_source_type=DataSourceType.NOTION_IMPORT,
+        data_source_info=json.dumps({"last_edited_time": "2024-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"}),
+        batch="batch",
+        name="Notion page",
+        created_from=DocumentCreatedFrom.WEB,
+        created_by=str(uuid4()),
+    )
+    database.session.add(document)
+    database.session.commit()
+    return document
 
 
 class TestNotionExtractorAuthentication:
@@ -763,9 +809,14 @@ class TestNotionExtractorLastEditedTime:
         call_args = mock_request.call_args
         assert "databases/database-789" in call_args[0][1]
 
-    @patch("core.rag.extractor.notion_extractor.db")
     @patch("httpx.request")
-    def test_update_last_edited_time(self, mock_request, mock_db, extractor_page, mock_document_model):
+    def test_update_last_edited_time(
+        self,
+        mock_request: Mock,
+        extractor_page: NotionExtractor,
+        database: _Database,
+        persisted_document: DocumentModel,
+    ):
         """Test updating document model with last edited time."""
         # Arrange
         mock_response = Mock()
@@ -777,11 +828,11 @@ class TestNotionExtractorLastEditedTime:
         mock_request.return_value = mock_response
 
         # Act
-        extractor_page.update_last_edited_time(mock_document_model)
+        extractor_page.update_last_edited_time(persisted_document)
 
         # Assert
-        assert mock_document_model.data_source_info_dict["last_edited_time"] == "2024-11-27T18:00:00.000Z"
-        mock_db.session.commit.assert_called_once()
+        database.session.expire(persisted_document)
+        assert persisted_document.data_source_info_dict["last_edited_time"] == "2024-11-27T18:00:00.000Z"
 
     def test_update_last_edited_time_no_document(self, extractor_page):
         """Test update_last_edited_time with None document model."""
@@ -807,9 +858,10 @@ class TestNotionExtractorIntegration:
         mock_doc.data_source_info_dict = {"last_edited_time": "2024-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"}
         return mock_doc
 
-    @patch("core.rag.extractor.notion_extractor.db")
     @patch("httpx.request")
-    def test_extract_page_complete_workflow(self, mock_request, mock_db, mock_document_model):
+    def test_extract_page_complete_workflow(
+        self, mock_request: Mock, database: _Database, persisted_document: DocumentModel
+    ):
         """Test complete page extraction workflow."""
         # Arrange
         extractor = NotionExtractor(
@@ -818,7 +870,7 @@ class TestNotionExtractorIntegration:
             notion_page_type="page",
             tenant_id="tenant-789",
             notion_access_token="test-token",
-            document_model=mock_document_model,
+            document_model=persisted_document,
         )
 
         # Mock last edited time request
@@ -869,11 +921,18 @@ class TestNotionExtractorIntegration:
         assert isinstance(documents[0], Document)
         assert "# Test Page" in documents[0].page_content
         assert "Test content" in documents[0].page_content
+        database.session.expire(persisted_document)
+        assert persisted_document.data_source_info_dict["last_edited_time"] == "2024-11-27T20:00:00.000Z"
 
-    @patch("core.rag.extractor.notion_extractor.db")
     @patch("httpx.post")
     @patch("httpx.request")
-    def test_extract_database_complete_workflow(self, mock_request, mock_post, mock_db, mock_document_model):
+    def test_extract_database_complete_workflow(
+        self,
+        mock_request: Mock,
+        mock_post: Mock,
+        database: _Database,
+        persisted_document: DocumentModel,
+    ):
         """Test complete database extraction workflow."""
         # Arrange
         extractor = NotionExtractor(
@@ -882,7 +941,7 @@ class TestNotionExtractorIntegration:
             notion_page_type="database",
             tenant_id="tenant-789",
             notion_access_token="test-token",
-            document_model=mock_document_model,
+            document_model=persisted_document,
         )
 
         # Mock last edited time request
@@ -921,6 +980,8 @@ class TestNotionExtractorIntegration:
         assert isinstance(documents[0], Document)
         assert "Name:Item 1" in documents[0].page_content
         assert "Status:Active" in documents[0].page_content
+        database.session.expire(persisted_document)
+        assert persisted_document.data_source_info_dict["last_edited_time"] == "2024-11-27T20:00:00.000Z"
 
     def test_extract_invalid_page_type(self):
         """Test extract with invalid page type."""

api/tests/unit_tests/core/llm_generator/test_llm_generator_missing.py

@@ -1,7 +1,57 @@
-import sys
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
+import pytest
+from sqlalchemy import event
+from sqlalchemy.exc import SQLAlchemyError
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, sessionmaker
+
+import core.llm_generator.llm_generator as generator_module
 from core.llm_generator.llm_generator import LLMGenerator, _parse_string_list
+from core.model_manager import ModelInstance, ModelManager
+from core.workflow.generator import tool_catalogue as tool_catalogue_module
+from core.workflow.generator.tool_catalogue import ToolCatalogueEntry
+from graphon.model_runtime.entities.llm_entities import LLMResult, LLMUsage
+from graphon.model_runtime.entities.message_entities import AssistantPromptMessage
+from models.dataset import Dataset
+from services.workflow_service import WorkflowService
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def dataset_session(sqlite_session: Session, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> Session:
+    """Bind the real SQLite session to the production database extension."""
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(generator_module.db, "session", sqlite_session)
+    return sqlite_session
+
+
+def _llm_result(content: str) -> LLMResult:
+    """Build a real non-streaming LLM response around deterministic test content."""
+
+    return LLMResult(
+        model="test-model",
+        message=AssistantPromptMessage(content=content),
+        usage=LLMUsage.empty_usage(),
+    )
+
+
+def _model_manager() -> tuple[MagicMock, MagicMock]:
+    """Build spec-constrained mocks for the model-manager boundary and its default model."""
+
+    model_manager = MagicMock(spec=ModelManager)
+    model_instance = MagicMock(spec=ModelInstance)
+    model_manager.get_default_model_instance.return_value = model_instance
+    return model_manager, model_instance
+
+
+def _dataset(*, dataset_id: str, tenant_id: str, name: str, created_at: datetime) -> Dataset:
+    return Dataset(
+        id=dataset_id,
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        name=name,
+        created_by="account-id",
+        created_at=created_at,
+    )
 
 
 class TestParseStringList:
@@ -34,95 +84,115 @@ class TestParseStringList:
 class TestGenerateWorkflowInstructionSuggestions:
     @patch("core.llm_generator.llm_generator.ModelManager.for_tenant")
     def test_no_default_model(self, mock_for_tenant):
-        mock_for_tenant.return_value.get_default_model_instance.side_effect = Exception("No model")
+        model_manager, _ = _model_manager()
+        model_manager.get_default_model_instance.side_effect = RuntimeError("no default model")
+        mock_for_tenant.return_value = model_manager
+
         assert LLMGenerator.generate_workflow_instruction_suggestions("tenant", mode="workflow") == []
 
     @patch("core.llm_generator.llm_generator.ModelManager.for_tenant")
     @patch("core.llm_generator.llm_generator.LLMGenerator._build_suggestion_context")
     def test_llm_success(self, mock_build_context, mock_for_tenant):
         mock_build_context.return_value = "context"
-
-        mock_model = MagicMock()
-        mock_model.invoke_llm.return_value = MagicMock()
-        mock_model.invoke_llm.return_value.message.get_text_content.return_value = '["idea 1", "idea 2"]'
-
-        mock_for_tenant.return_value.get_default_model_instance.return_value = mock_model
+        model_manager, model_instance = _model_manager()
+        model_instance.invoke_llm.return_value = _llm_result('["idea 1", "idea 2"]')
+        mock_for_tenant.return_value = model_manager
 
         result = LLMGenerator.generate_workflow_instruction_suggestions("tenant", mode="workflow")
         assert result == ["idea 1", "idea 2"]
+        model_instance.invoke_llm.assert_called_once()
 
     @patch("core.llm_generator.llm_generator.ModelManager.for_tenant")
     @patch("core.llm_generator.llm_generator.LLMGenerator._build_suggestion_context")
     def test_llm_error(self, mock_build_context, mock_for_tenant):
         mock_build_context.return_value = "context"
+        model_manager, model_instance = _model_manager()
+        model_instance.invoke_llm.side_effect = RuntimeError("API error")
+        mock_for_tenant.return_value = model_manager
 
-        mock_model = MagicMock()
-        mock_model.invoke_llm.side_effect = Exception("API error")
-
-        mock_for_tenant.return_value.get_default_model_instance.return_value = mock_model
-
-        assert LLMGenerator.generate_workflow_instruction_suggestions("tenant", mode="workflow") == []
+        result = LLMGenerator.generate_workflow_instruction_suggestions("tenant", mode="workflow")
+        assert result == []
+        model_instance.invoke_llm.assert_called_once()
 
     @patch("core.llm_generator.llm_generator.ModelManager.for_tenant")
     @patch("core.llm_generator.llm_generator.LLMGenerator._build_suggestion_context")
     def test_llm_bad_output(self, mock_build_context, mock_for_tenant):
         mock_build_context.return_value = "context"
+        model_manager, model_instance = _model_manager()
+        model_instance.invoke_llm.return_value = _llm_result("Not a list")
+        mock_for_tenant.return_value = model_manager
 
-        mock_model = MagicMock()
-        mock_model.invoke_llm.return_value = MagicMock()
-        mock_model.invoke_llm.return_value.message.get_text_content.return_value = "Not a list"
-
-        mock_for_tenant.return_value.get_default_model_instance.return_value = mock_model
-
-        assert LLMGenerator.generate_workflow_instruction_suggestions("tenant", mode="workflow") == []
+        result = LLMGenerator.generate_workflow_instruction_suggestions("tenant", mode="workflow")
+        assert result == []
+        model_instance.invoke_llm.assert_called_once()
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(Dataset,)], indirect=True)
 class TestBuildSuggestionContext:
-    @patch("core.llm_generator.llm_generator.db.session.scalars")
-    def test_both_success(self, mock_scalars, monkeypatch):
-        mock_scalars.return_value.all.return_value = ["kb1", "kb2"]
+    def test_both_success(self, dataset_session: Session, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+        now = datetime.now()
+        dataset_session.add_all(
+            (
+                _dataset(dataset_id="kb-1", tenant_id="tenant", name="kb1", created_at=now),
+                _dataset(
+                    dataset_id="kb-2",
+                    tenant_id="tenant",
+                    name="kb2",
+                    created_at=now - timedelta(seconds=1),
+                ),
+                _dataset(dataset_id="other-kb", tenant_id="other", name="private", created_at=now),
+            )
+        )
+        dataset_session.commit()
 
-        # ``_build_suggestion_context`` imports the tool catalogue lazily, so we
-        # stub the module in ``sys.modules``. Use ``monkeypatch.setitem`` so the
-        # ORIGINAL module is RESTORED on teardown — a bare ``del`` would evict it
-        # from sys.modules entirely, after which a sibling test that imported
-        # ``build_tool_catalogue`` at collection time (e.g. test_tool_catalogue)
-        # diverges from a freshly re-imported module and its @patch targets stop
-        # applying, silently breaking it under xdist.
-        mock_tool_catalogue = MagicMock()
-        mock_tool_catalogue.build_tool_catalogue.return_value = "catalog"
-        mock_tool_catalogue.format_tool_catalogue.return_value = "tool1\ntool2"
-        monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "core.workflow.generator.tool_catalogue", mock_tool_catalogue)
+        def build_tool_catalogue(_tenant_id: str) -> list[ToolCatalogueEntry]:
+            return [
+                ToolCatalogueEntry(
+                    provider_name="provider",
+                    provider_type="builtin",
+                    plugin_id="",
+                    tool_name="tool1",
+                    tool_label="tool1",
+                    description="First tool",
+                ),
+                ToolCatalogueEntry(
+                    provider_name="provider",
+                    provider_type="builtin",
+                    plugin_id="",
+                    tool_name="tool2",
+                    tool_label="tool2",
+                    description="Second tool",
+                ),
+            ]
+
+        # Keep the real module and formatter; only isolate provider/plugin discovery.
+        monkeypatch.setattr(tool_catalogue_module, "build_tool_catalogue", build_tool_catalogue)
 
         result = LLMGenerator._build_suggestion_context("tenant")
         assert "Knowledge bases:\n- kb1\n- kb2" in result
-        assert "Installed tools:\ntool1\ntool2" in result
+        assert "Installed tools:\n- provider/tool1 — First tool\n- provider/tool2 — Second tool" in result
 
-    @patch("core.llm_generator.llm_generator.db.session.scalars")
-    def test_both_fail(self, mock_scalars, monkeypatch):
-        mock_scalars.side_effect = Exception("DB error")
+    def test_both_fail(self, dataset_session: Session, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+        def fail_query(_orm_execute_state: object) -> None:
+            raise SQLAlchemyError("DB error")
 
-        # See ``test_both_success``: restore the original module via monkeypatch
-        # rather than ``del``-ing it, so we don't evict it for sibling tests.
-        mock_tool_catalogue = MagicMock()
-        mock_tool_catalogue.build_tool_catalogue.side_effect = Exception("Tool error")
-        monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "core.workflow.generator.tool_catalogue", mock_tool_catalogue)
+        def fail_tool_catalogue(_tenant_id: str) -> list[ToolCatalogueEntry]:
+            raise RuntimeError("Tool error")
 
-        assert LLMGenerator._build_suggestion_context("tenant") == ""
+        event.listen(dataset_session, "do_orm_execute", fail_query)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(tool_catalogue_module, "build_tool_catalogue", fail_tool_catalogue)
+
+        try:
+            assert LLMGenerator._build_suggestion_context("tenant") == ""
+        finally:
+            event.remove(dataset_session, "do_orm_execute", fail_query)
 
 
 class TestWorkflowServiceInterface:
-    def test_protocol_methods(self):
-        # Just to cover the 'pass' statements in the Protocol definition
+    def test_real_workflow_service_exposes_protocol_methods(self):
         from core.llm_generator.llm_generator import WorkflowServiceInterface
 
-        class MockService(WorkflowServiceInterface):
-            def get_draft_workflow(self, app_model, workflow_id=None, *, session):
-                return super().get_draft_workflow(app_model, workflow_id, session=session)
+        service: WorkflowServiceInterface = WorkflowService(sessionmaker())
 
-            def get_node_last_run(self, app_model, workflow, node_id):
-                return super().get_node_last_run(app_model, workflow, node_id)
-
-        service = MockService()
-        service.get_draft_workflow(None, session=None)
-        service.get_node_last_run(None, None, "node")
+        assert callable(service.get_draft_workflow)
+        assert callable(service.get_node_last_run)

api/tests/unit_tests/core/memory/test_token_buffer_memory.py

@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
-"""Comprehensive unit tests for core/memory/token_buffer_memory.py"""
+"""Comprehensive SQLite-backed tests for token-buffer memory."""
 
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
+from decimal import Decimal
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 from uuid import uuid4
 
 import pytest
+from sqlalchemy import Engine, event
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
+from core.memory import token_buffer_memory as memory_module
 from core.memory.token_buffer_memory import TokenBufferMemory
+from graphon.file import FileTransferMethod, FileType
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities import (
     AssistantPromptMessage,
     ImagePromptMessageContent,
@@ -13,13 +21,44 @@ from graphon.model_runtime.entities import (
     TextPromptMessageContent,
     UserPromptMessage,
 )
-from models.model import AppMode
+from models.base import TypeBase
+from models.enums import ConversationFromSource, CreatorUserRole, MessageFileBelongsTo
+from models.model import AppMode, Message, MessageFile
+from models.workflow import Workflow, WorkflowType
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Helpers / shared fixtures
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Database:
+    """Typed SQLite binding plus executed SQL for query-count assertions."""
+
+    engine: Engine
+    session: Session
+    statements: list[tuple[str, object]]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def database(sqlite_engine: Engine, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> Iterator[Database]:
+    TypeBase.metadata.create_all(
+        sqlite_engine,
+        tables=[Message.__table__, MessageFile.__table__, Workflow.__table__],
+    )
+    statements: list[tuple[str, object]] = []
+
+    def record_statement(_connection, _cursor, statement, parameters, _context, _executemany) -> None:
+        statements.append((statement, parameters))
+
+    event.listen(sqlite_engine, "before_cursor_execute", record_statement)
+    with Session(sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
+        database = Database(engine=sqlite_engine, session=session, statements=statements)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(memory_module, "db", database)
+        yield database
+    event.remove(sqlite_engine, "before_cursor_execute", record_statement)
+
+
 def _make_conversation(mode: AppMode = AppMode.CHAT) -> MagicMock:
     """Return a minimal Conversation mock."""
     conv = MagicMock()
@@ -47,6 +86,73 @@ def _make_message(answer: str = "hello", answer_tokens: int = 5) -> MagicMock:
     return msg
 
 
+def _persist_message(
+    database: Database,
+    conversation_id: str,
+    *,
+    query: str = "user query",
+    answer: str = "hello",
+    answer_tokens: int = 5,
+    created_at: datetime | None = None,
+    workflow_run_id: str | None = None,
+) -> Message:
+    message = Message(
+        id=str(uuid4()),
+        app_id="app-1",
+        conversation_id=conversation_id,
+        _inputs={},
+        query=query,
+        message={},
+        message_unit_price=Decimal(0),
+        answer=answer,
+        answer_tokens=answer_tokens,
+        answer_unit_price=Decimal(0),
+        currency="USD",
+        from_source=ConversationFromSource.API,
+        workflow_run_id=workflow_run_id,
+        created_at=created_at or datetime.now(UTC).replace(tzinfo=None),
+    )
+    database.session.add(message)
+    database.session.commit()
+    return message
+
+
+def _persist_message_file(
+    database: Database,
+    message: Message,
+    *,
+    belongs_to: MessageFileBelongsTo | None,
+) -> MessageFile:
+    message_file = MessageFile(
+        message_id=message.id,
+        type=FileType.IMAGE,
+        transfer_method=FileTransferMethod.REMOTE_URL,
+        created_by_role=CreatorUserRole.ACCOUNT,
+        created_by="account-1",
+        belongs_to=belongs_to,
+        url="https://example.com/image.png",
+    )
+    database.session.add(message_file)
+    database.session.commit()
+    return message_file
+
+
+def _persist_workflow(database: Database, *, workflow_id: str) -> Workflow:
+    workflow = Workflow(
+        id=workflow_id,
+        tenant_id="tenant-1",
+        app_id="app-1",
+        type=WorkflowType.CHAT,
+        version="1",
+        graph="{}",
+        features="{}",
+        created_by="account-1",
+    )
+    database.session.add(workflow)
+    database.session.commit()
+    return workflow
+
+
 # ===========================================================================
 # Tests for __init__ and workflow_run_repo property
 # ===========================================================================
@@ -61,25 +167,25 @@ class TestInit:
         assert mem.model_instance is mi
         assert mem._workflow_run_repo is None
 
-    def test_workflow_run_repo_is_created_lazily(self):
+    def test_workflow_run_repo_is_created_lazily(self, database: Database):
         conv = _make_conversation()
         mi = _make_model_instance()
         mem = TokenBufferMemory(conversation=conv, model_instance=mi)
 
         mock_repo = MagicMock()
-        with (
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.sessionmaker") as mock_sm,
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.db") as mock_db,
-            patch(
-                "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.DifyAPIRepositoryFactory.create_api_workflow_run_repository",
-                return_value=mock_repo,
-            ),
-        ):
-            mock_db.engine = MagicMock()
+        with patch(
+            "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.DifyAPIRepositoryFactory.create_api_workflow_run_repository",
+            return_value=mock_repo,
+        ) as repository_factory:
             repo = mem.workflow_run_repo
             assert repo is mock_repo
             assert mem._workflow_run_repo is mock_repo
 
+        session_factory = repository_factory.call_args.args[0]
+        with session_factory() as session:
+            assert isinstance(session, Session)
+            assert session.get_bind() is database.engine
+
     def test_workflow_run_repo_cached_after_first_access(self):
         conv = _make_conversation()
         mi = _make_model_instance()
@@ -410,7 +516,7 @@ class TestBuildPromptMessageWithFiles:
             )
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", [AppMode.ADVANCED_CHAT, AppMode.WORKFLOW])
-    def test_workflow_mode_workflow_not_found_raises(self, mode):
+    def test_workflow_mode_workflow_not_found_raises(self, mode, database: Database):
         """Raises ValueError when Workflow lookup returns None."""
         conv = _make_conversation(mode)
         conv.app = MagicMock()
@@ -422,22 +528,17 @@ class TestBuildPromptMessageWithFiles:
         mem._workflow_run_repo = MagicMock()
         mem._workflow_run_repo.get_workflow_run_by_id.return_value = mock_workflow_run
 
-        with (
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.db") as mock_db,
-        ):
-            mock_db.session.scalar.return_value = None  # workflow not found
-
-            with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Workflow not found"):
-                mem._build_prompt_message_with_files(
-                    message_files=[],
-                    text_content="text",
-                    message=_make_message(),
-                    app_record=MagicMock(),
-                    is_user_message=True,
-                )
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Workflow not found"):
+            mem._build_prompt_message_with_files(
+                message_files=[],
+                text_content="text",
+                message=_make_message(),
+                app_record=MagicMock(),
+                is_user_message=True,
+            )
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("mode", [AppMode.ADVANCED_CHAT, AppMode.WORKFLOW])
-    def test_workflow_mode_success_no_files_user(self, mode):
+    def test_workflow_mode_success_no_files_user(self, mode, database: Database):
         """Happy path: workflow mode, no message files → plain UserPromptMessage."""
         conv = _make_conversation(mode)
         conv.app = MagicMock()
@@ -445,22 +546,16 @@ class TestBuildPromptMessageWithFiles:
         mock_workflow_run = MagicMock()
         mock_workflow_run.workflow_id = str(uuid4())
 
-        mock_workflow = MagicMock()
-        mock_workflow.features_dict = {}
+        workflow = _persist_workflow(database, workflow_id=mock_workflow_run.workflow_id)
 
         mem = TokenBufferMemory(conversation=conv, model_instance=_make_model_instance())
         mem._workflow_run_repo = MagicMock()
         mem._workflow_run_repo.get_workflow_run_by_id.return_value = mock_workflow_run
 
-        with (
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.db") as mock_db,
-            patch(
-                "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.FileUploadConfigManager.convert",
-                return_value=None,
-            ),
+        with patch(
+            "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.FileUploadConfigManager.convert",
+            return_value=None,
         ):
-            mock_db.session.scalar.return_value = mock_workflow
-
             result = mem._build_prompt_message_with_files(
                 message_files=[],
                 text_content="wf text",
@@ -471,6 +566,7 @@ class TestBuildPromptMessageWithFiles:
 
         assert isinstance(result, UserPromptMessage)
         assert result.content == "wf text"
+        assert database.session.get(Workflow, workflow.id) is workflow
 
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Invalid mode
@@ -498,417 +594,140 @@ class TestBuildPromptMessageWithFiles:
 
 
 class TestGetHistoryPromptMessages:
-    """Tests for get_history_prompt_messages."""
+    """Tests for persisted history retrieval, file batching, and pruning."""
 
     def _make_memory(self, mode: AppMode = AppMode.CHAT) -> TokenBufferMemory:
         conv = _make_conversation(mode)
         conv.app = MagicMock()
         return TokenBufferMemory(conversation=conv, model_instance=_make_model_instance())
 
-    def test_returns_empty_when_no_messages(self):
+    def test_returns_empty_when_no_messages(self, database: Database) -> None:
+        assert self._make_memory().get_history_prompt_messages() == []
+
+    def test_skips_newest_message_without_answer(self, database: Database) -> None:
         mem = self._make_memory()
-        with patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.db") as mock_db:
-            mock_db.session.scalars.return_value.all.return_value = []
-            result = mem.get_history_prompt_messages()
-        assert result == []
+        message = _persist_message(database, mem.conversation.id, answer="", answer_tokens=0)
 
-    def test_skips_first_message_without_answer(self):
-        """The newest message (index 0 after extraction) without answer and tokens==0 is skipped."""
+        assert mem.get_history_prompt_messages() == []
+        assert database.session.get(Message, message.id) is message
+
+    def test_message_with_answer_returns_user_and_assistant_prompts(self, database: Database) -> None:
         mem = self._make_memory()
+        _persist_message(database, mem.conversation.id, query="My query", answer="My answer", answer_tokens=10)
 
-        msg_no_answer = _make_message(answer="", answer_tokens=0)
-        msg_no_answer.parent_message_id = None  # ensures extract_thread_messages returns it
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.db") as mock_db,
-            patch(
-                "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.extract_thread_messages",
-                return_value=[msg_no_answer],
-            ),
-        ):
-            mock_db.session.scalars.return_value.all.side_effect = [
-                [msg_no_answer],  # first call: messages query
-                [],  # second call: user files query (never hit, but safe)
-            ]
-            result = mem.get_history_prompt_messages()
-
-        assert result == []
-
-    def test_message_with_answer_not_skipped(self):
-        """A message with a non-empty answer is NOT popped."""
-        mem = self._make_memory()
-
-        msg = _make_message(answer="some answer", answer_tokens=10)
-        msg.parent_message_id = None
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.db") as mock_db,
-            patch(
-                "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.extract_thread_messages",
-                return_value=[msg],
-            ),
-            patch(
-                "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.FileUploadConfigManager.convert",
-                return_value=None,
-            ),
-        ):
-            # user files query → empty; assistant files query → empty
-            mock_db.session.scalars.return_value.all.return_value = []
-            result = mem.get_history_prompt_messages()
-
-        assert len(result) == 2  # one user + one assistant
-
-    def test_message_limit_default_is_500(self):
-        """When message_limit is None the stmt is limited to 500."""
-        mem = self._make_memory()
-        with (
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.db") as mock_db,
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.select") as mock_select,
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.extract_thread_messages", return_value=[]),
-        ):
-            mock_stmt = MagicMock()
-            mock_select.return_value.where.return_value.order_by.return_value = mock_stmt
-            mock_stmt.limit.return_value = mock_stmt
-            mock_db.session.scalars.return_value.all.return_value = []
-
-            mem.get_history_prompt_messages(message_limit=None)
-            mock_stmt.limit.assert_called_with(500)
-
-    def test_message_limit_clipped_to_500(self):
-        """A message_limit > 500 is clamped to 500."""
-        mem = self._make_memory()
-        with (
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.db") as mock_db,
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.select") as mock_select,
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.extract_thread_messages", return_value=[]),
-        ):
-            mock_stmt = MagicMock()
-            mock_select.return_value.where.return_value.order_by.return_value = mock_stmt
-            mock_stmt.limit.return_value = mock_stmt
-            mock_db.session.scalars.return_value.all.return_value = []
-
-            mem.get_history_prompt_messages(message_limit=9999)
-            mock_stmt.limit.assert_called_with(500)
-
-    def test_message_limit_positive_used(self):
-        """A positive message_limit < 500 is used as-is."""
-        mem = self._make_memory()
-        with (
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.db") as mock_db,
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.select") as mock_select,
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.extract_thread_messages", return_value=[]),
-        ):
-            mock_stmt = MagicMock()
-            mock_select.return_value.where.return_value.order_by.return_value = mock_stmt
-            mock_stmt.limit.return_value = mock_stmt
-            mock_db.session.scalars.return_value.all.return_value = []
-
-            mem.get_history_prompt_messages(message_limit=10)
-            mock_stmt.limit.assert_called_with(10)
-
-    def test_message_limit_zero_uses_default(self):
-        """message_limit=0 triggers the else branch → default 500."""
-        mem = self._make_memory()
-        with (
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.db") as mock_db,
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.select") as mock_select,
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.extract_thread_messages", return_value=[]),
-        ):
-            mock_stmt = MagicMock()
-            mock_select.return_value.where.return_value.order_by.return_value = mock_stmt
-            mock_stmt.limit.return_value = mock_stmt
-            mock_db.session.scalars.return_value.all.return_value = []
-
-            mem.get_history_prompt_messages(message_limit=0)
-            mock_stmt.limit.assert_called_with(500)
-
-    def test_user_files_cause_build_with_files_call(self):
-        """When user_files is non-empty _build_prompt_message_with_files is invoked."""
-        mem = self._make_memory()
-        msg = _make_message()
-        msg.parent_message_id = None
-
-        mock_user_file = MagicMock()
-        mock_user_file.message_id = msg.id  # must match so batched grouping keys it to this message
-        mock_user_prompt = UserPromptMessage(content="from build")
-        mock_assistant_prompt = AssistantPromptMessage(content="answer")
-
-        call_count = {"n": 0}
-
-        def scalars_side_effect(stmt):
-            r = MagicMock()
-            if call_count["n"] == 0:
-                # messages query
-                r.all.return_value = [msg]
-            elif call_count["n"] == 1:
-                # user files
-                r.all.return_value = [mock_user_file]
-            else:
-                # assistant files
-                r.all.return_value = []
-            call_count["n"] += 1
-            return r
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.db") as mock_db,
-            patch(
-                "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.extract_thread_messages",
-                return_value=[msg],
-            ),
-            patch.object(
-                mem,
-                "_build_prompt_message_with_files",
-                side_effect=[mock_user_prompt, mock_assistant_prompt],
-            ) as mock_build,
-            patch(
-                "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.FileUploadConfigManager.convert",
-                return_value=None,
-            ),
-        ):
-            mock_db.session.scalars.side_effect = scalars_side_effect
-            result = mem.get_history_prompt_messages()
-
-        assert mock_build.call_count >= 1
-        # First call should be user message
-        first_call_kwargs = mock_build.call_args_list[0][1]
-        assert first_call_kwargs["is_user_message"] is True
-
-    def test_assistant_files_cause_build_with_files_call(self):
-        """When assistant_files is non-empty, build is called with is_user_message=False."""
-        mem = self._make_memory()
-        msg = _make_message()
-        msg.parent_message_id = None
-
-        mock_assistant_file = MagicMock()
-        mock_assistant_file.message_id = msg.id  # must match so batched grouping keys it to this message
-        mock_user_prompt = UserPromptMessage(content="query")
-        mock_assistant_prompt = AssistantPromptMessage(content="built")
-
-        call_count = {"n": 0}
-
-        def scalars_side_effect(stmt):
-            r = MagicMock()
-            if call_count["n"] == 0:
-                r.all.return_value = [msg]
-            elif call_count["n"] == 1:
-                r.all.return_value = []  # no user files
-            else:
-                r.all.return_value = [mock_assistant_file]
-            call_count["n"] += 1
-            return r
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.db") as mock_db,
-            patch(
-                "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.extract_thread_messages",
-                return_value=[msg],
-            ),
-            patch.object(
-                mem,
-                "_build_prompt_message_with_files",
-                return_value=mock_assistant_prompt,
-            ) as mock_build,
-        ):
-            mock_db.session.scalars.side_effect = scalars_side_effect
-            result = mem.get_history_prompt_messages()
-
-        mock_build.assert_called_once()
-        call_kwargs = mock_build.call_args[1]
-        assert call_kwargs["is_user_message"] is False
-
-    def test_message_files_loaded_with_constant_query_count(self):
-        """Regression guard against N+1: message files must be batch-loaded.
-
-        Regardless of the number of messages in the thread, file loading must use a
-        constant number of queries (1 messages query + 2 batched file queries),
-        never 2 queries per message.
-        """
-        mem = self._make_memory()
-
-        messages = [_make_message() for _ in range(5)]
-        for m in messages:
-            m.parent_message_id = None
-
-        scalars_calls = {"n": 0}
-
-        def scalars_side_effect(stmt):
-            r = MagicMock()
-            # First call returns the thread messages; the batched file queries return none.
-            r.all.return_value = messages if scalars_calls["n"] == 0 else []
-            scalars_calls["n"] += 1
-            return r
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.db") as mock_db,
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.extract_thread_messages", return_value=messages),
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.FileUploadConfigManager.convert", return_value=None),
-        ):
-            mock_db.session.scalars.side_effect = scalars_side_effect
-            mem.get_history_prompt_messages()
-
-        # 1 (messages) + 2 (batched user/assistant files) = 3, independent of message count.
-        # Before this fix it would have been 1 + 2 * 5 = 11 (an N+1 pattern).
-        assert scalars_calls["n"] == 3
-
-    def test_token_pruning_removes_oldest_messages(self):
-        """If tokens exceed limit, oldest messages are removed until within limit."""
-        conv = _make_conversation()
-        conv.app = MagicMock()
-
-        # Model returns tokens that decrease only after removing pairs
-        token_values = [3000, 1500]  # first call over limit, second within
-        mi = MagicMock()
-        mi.get_llm_num_tokens.side_effect = token_values
-
-        mem = TokenBufferMemory(conversation=conv, model_instance=mi)
-
-        msg = _make_message()
-        msg.parent_message_id = None
-
-        call_count = {"n": 0}
-
-        def scalars_side_effect(stmt):
-            r = MagicMock()
-            if call_count["n"] == 0:
-                r.all.return_value = [msg]
-            else:
-                r.all.return_value = []
-            call_count["n"] += 1
-            return r
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.db") as mock_db,
-            patch(
-                "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.extract_thread_messages",
-                return_value=[msg],
-            ),
-            patch(
-                "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.FileUploadConfigManager.convert",
-                return_value=None,
-            ),
-        ):
-            mock_db.session.scalars.side_effect = scalars_side_effect
-            result = mem.get_history_prompt_messages(max_token_limit=2000)
-
-        # After pruning, we should have fewer than the 2 initial messages
-        assert len(result) <= 1
-
-    def test_token_pruning_stops_at_single_message(self):
-        """Pruning stops when only 1 message remains (to prevent empty list)."""
-        conv = _make_conversation()
-        conv.app = MagicMock()
-
-        # Always over limit
-        mi = MagicMock()
-        mi.get_llm_num_tokens.return_value = 99999
-
-        mem = TokenBufferMemory(conversation=conv, model_instance=mi)
-
-        msg = _make_message()
-        msg.parent_message_id = None
-
-        call_count = {"n": 0}
-
-        def scalars_side_effect(stmt):
-            r = MagicMock()
-            if call_count["n"] == 0:
-                r.all.return_value = [msg]
-            else:
-                r.all.return_value = []
-            call_count["n"] += 1
-            return r
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.db") as mock_db,
-            patch(
-                "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.extract_thread_messages",
-                return_value=[msg],
-            ),
-            patch(
-                "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.FileUploadConfigManager.convert",
-                return_value=None,
-            ),
-        ):
-            mock_db.session.scalars.side_effect = scalars_side_effect
-            result = mem.get_history_prompt_messages(max_token_limit=1)
-
-        # At least 1 message should remain
-        assert len(result) >= 1
-
-    def test_no_pruning_when_within_limit(self):
-        """When tokens ≤ limit, no pruning occurs."""
-        mem = self._make_memory()
-        mem.model_instance.get_llm_num_tokens.return_value = 50  # well under default 2000
-
-        msg = _make_message()
-        msg.parent_message_id = None
-
-        call_count = {"n": 0}
-
-        def scalars_side_effect(stmt):
-            r = MagicMock()
-            if call_count["n"] == 0:
-                r.all.return_value = [msg]
-            else:
-                r.all.return_value = []
-            call_count["n"] += 1
-            return r
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.db") as mock_db,
-            patch(
-                "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.extract_thread_messages",
-                return_value=[msg],
-            ),
-            patch(
-                "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.FileUploadConfigManager.convert",
-                return_value=None,
-            ),
-        ):
-            mock_db.session.scalars.side_effect = scalars_side_effect
-            result = mem.get_history_prompt_messages(max_token_limit=2000)
-
-        assert len(result) == 2  # user + assistant
-
-    def test_plain_user_and_assistant_messages_returned(self):
-        """Without files, plain UserPromptMessage and AssistantPromptMessage appear."""
-        mem = self._make_memory()
-
-        msg = _make_message(answer="My answer")
-        msg.query = "My query"
-        msg.parent_message_id = None
-
-        call_count = {"n": 0}
-
-        def scalars_side_effect(stmt):
-            r = MagicMock()
-            if call_count["n"] == 0:
-                r.all.return_value = [msg]
-            else:
-                r.all.return_value = []
-            call_count["n"] += 1
-            return r
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.db") as mock_db,
-            patch(
-                "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.extract_thread_messages",
-                return_value=[msg],
-            ),
-            patch(
-                "core.memory.token_buffer_memory.FileUploadConfigManager.convert",
-                return_value=None,
-            ),
-        ):
-            mock_db.session.scalars.side_effect = scalars_side_effect
-            result = mem.get_history_prompt_messages()
+        result = mem.get_history_prompt_messages()
 
         assert len(result) == 2
-        user_msg, ai_msg = result
-        assert isinstance(user_msg, UserPromptMessage)
-        assert user_msg.content == "My query"
-        assert isinstance(ai_msg, AssistantPromptMessage)
-        assert ai_msg.content == "My answer"
+        assert isinstance(result[0], UserPromptMessage)
+        assert result[0].content == "My query"
+        assert isinstance(result[1], AssistantPromptMessage)
+        assert result[1].content == "My answer"
+
+    def test_history_is_conversation_scoped(self, database: Database) -> None:
+        mem = self._make_memory()
+        _persist_message(database, mem.conversation.id, answer="visible")
+        _persist_message(database, "other-conversation", answer="hidden")
+
+        result = mem.get_history_prompt_messages()
+
+        assert [prompt.content for prompt in result] == ["user query", "visible"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("message_limit", "expected_limit"),
+        [(None, 500), (9999, 500), (10, 10), (0, 500)],
+    )
+    def test_message_limit_is_applied_to_executable_query(
+        self,
+        database: Database,
+        message_limit: int | None,
+        expected_limit: int,
+    ) -> None:
+        mem = self._make_memory()
+        before = len(database.statements)
+
+        mem.get_history_prompt_messages(message_limit=message_limit)
+
+        statements = database.statements[before:]
+        assert len(statements) == 1
+        sql, parameters = statements[0]
+        assert "LIMIT" in sql
+        assert expected_limit in parameters
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("belongs_to", "is_user_message"),
+        [
+            (MessageFileBelongsTo.USER, True),
+            (None, True),
+            (MessageFileBelongsTo.ASSISTANT, False),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_message_files_use_persisted_ownership(
+        self,
+        database: Database,
+        belongs_to: MessageFileBelongsTo | None,
+        is_user_message: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        mem = self._make_memory()
+        message = _persist_message(database, mem.conversation.id)
+        message_file = _persist_message_file(database, message, belongs_to=belongs_to)
+        built_prompt = (
+            UserPromptMessage(content="built user")
+            if is_user_message
+            else AssistantPromptMessage(content="built assistant")
+        )
+
+        with patch.object(mem, "_build_prompt_message_with_files", return_value=built_prompt) as build_prompt:
+            result = mem.get_history_prompt_messages()
+
+        build_prompt.assert_called_once()
+        assert build_prompt.call_args.kwargs["message_files"] == [message_file]
+        assert build_prompt.call_args.kwargs["is_user_message"] is is_user_message
+        assert built_prompt in result
+
+    def test_message_files_are_batch_loaded_with_constant_query_count(self, database: Database) -> None:
+        mem = self._make_memory()
+        base_time = datetime.now(UTC).replace(tzinfo=None)
+        messages = [
+            _persist_message(
+                database,
+                mem.conversation.id,
+                query=f"query-{index}",
+                answer=f"answer-{index}",
+                created_at=base_time + timedelta(seconds=index),
+            )
+            for index in range(5)
+        ]
+        before = len(database.statements)
+
+        with patch("core.memory.token_buffer_memory.extract_thread_messages", return_value=messages):
+            result = mem.get_history_prompt_messages()
+
+        selects = [sql for sql, _ in database.statements[before:] if sql.lstrip().upper().startswith("SELECT")]
+        assert len(selects) == 3
+        assert len(result) == 10
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("token_values", "max_token_limit", "expected_length"),
+        [
+            ([3000, 1500], 2000, 1),
+            ([99999, 99999], 1, 1),
+            ([50], 2000, 2),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_token_pruning_uses_persisted_history(
+        self,
+        database: Database,
+        token_values: list[int],
+        max_token_limit: int,
+        expected_length: int,
+    ) -> None:
+        mem = self._make_memory()
+        mem.model_instance.get_llm_num_tokens.side_effect = token_values
+        _persist_message(database, mem.conversation.id)
+
+        result = mem.get_history_prompt_messages(max_token_limit=max_token_limit)
+
+        assert len(result) == expected_length
 
 
 # ===========================================================================

api/tests/unit_tests/core/moderation/api/test_api.py

@@ -2,13 +2,24 @@ from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
 from pydantic import ValidationError
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
+import core.moderation.api.api as moderation_module
 from core.extension.api_based_extension_requestor import APIBasedExtensionPoint
 from core.moderation.api.api import ApiModeration, ModerationInputParams, ModerationOutputParams
 from core.moderation.base import ModerationAction, ModerationInputsResult, ModerationOutputsResult
 from models.api_based_extension import APIBasedExtension
 
 
+class _DatabaseBinding:
+    """Expose the real SQLite session used by extension lookup."""
+
+    session: Session
+
+    def __init__(self, session: Session) -> None:
+        self.session = session
+
+
 class TestApiModeration:
     @pytest.fixture
     def api_config(self):
@@ -165,17 +176,27 @@ class TestApiModeration:
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="API-based Extension not found"):
             api_moderation._get_config_by_requestor(APIBasedExtensionPoint.APP_MODERATION_INPUT, {})
 
-    @patch("core.moderation.api.api.db.session.scalar")
-    def test_get_api_based_extension(self, mock_scalar):
-        mock_ext = MagicMock(spec=APIBasedExtension)
-        mock_scalar.return_value = mock_ext
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(APIBasedExtension,)], indirect=True)
+    def test_get_api_based_extension(self, sqlite_session: Session, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        target = APIBasedExtension(
+            tenant_id="tenant-1",
+            name="Target extension",
+            api_endpoint="https://example.com/moderate",
+            api_key="encrypted-key",
+        )
+        target.id = "ext-1"
+        other_tenant = APIBasedExtension(
+            tenant_id="tenant-2",
+            name="Other extension",
+            api_endpoint="https://example.com/other",
+            api_key="other-key",
+        )
+        other_tenant.id = "ext-2"
+        sqlite_session.add_all((target, other_tenant))
+        sqlite_session.commit()
+        monkeypatch.setattr(moderation_module, "db", _DatabaseBinding(sqlite_session))
 
         result = ApiModeration._get_api_based_extension("tenant-1", "ext-1")
 
-        assert result == mock_ext
-        mock_scalar.assert_called_once()
-        # Verify the call has the correct filters
-        args, kwargs = mock_scalar.call_args
-        stmt = args[0]
-        # We can't easily inspect the statement without complex sqlalchemy tricks,
-        # but calling it is usually enough for unit tests if we mock the result.
+        assert result is target
+        assert ApiModeration._get_api_based_extension("tenant-1", "ext-2") is None

api/tests/unit_tests/core/ops/test_lookup_helpers.py

@@ -7,36 +7,212 @@ Covers:
 - TraceTask._get_user_id_from_metadata
 """
 
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+import uuid
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from unittest.mock import PropertyMock, patch
 
 import pytest
+from sqlalchemy import Engine, event
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
+from core.tools.entities.tool_entities import ApiProviderSchemaType
+from extensions.ext_database import db
+from graphon.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import ModelType
+from models.account import Tenant
+from models.base import TypeBase
+from models.model import App, AppMode, IconType
+from models.provider import Provider, ProviderCredential, ProviderModel, ProviderModelCredential, ProviderType
+from models.tools import ApiToolProvider, BuiltinToolProvider, MCPToolProvider, WorkflowToolProvider
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Helpers
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-def _make_db_and_session_patches(scalar_side_effect=None, scalar_return_value=None):
-    """Return (mock_db, cm, session) ready to patch 'core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db'
-    and 'core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session'.
+@pytest.fixture
+def orm_session(sqlite_engine: Engine) -> Iterator[Session]:
+    models = (
+        App,
+        Tenant,
+        Provider,
+        ProviderCredential,
+        ProviderModel,
+        ProviderModelCredential,
+        BuiltinToolProvider,
+        ApiToolProvider,
+        WorkflowToolProvider,
+        MCPToolProvider,
+    )
+    tables = [model.metadata.tables[model.__tablename__] for model in models]
+    TypeBase.metadata.create_all(sqlite_engine, tables=tables)
 
-    Provide either scalar_side_effect (list, for multiple calls) or
-    scalar_return_value (single value).
-    """
-    mock_db = MagicMock()
-    mock_db.engine = MagicMock()
+    with patch.object(type(db), "engine", new_callable=PropertyMock, return_value=sqlite_engine):
+        with Session(sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
+            yield session
 
-    session = MagicMock()
-    if scalar_side_effect is not None:
-        session.scalar.side_effect = scalar_side_effect
+
+def _persist_app(session: Session, *, tenant_id: str, name: str = "MyApp") -> App:
+    app = App(
+        id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        name=name,
+        mode=AppMode.WORKFLOW,
+        icon_type=IconType.EMOJI,
+        icon="workflow",
+        icon_background="#FFFFFF",
+        enable_site=True,
+        enable_api=False,
+    )
+    session.add(app)
+    session.commit()
+    return app
+
+
+def _persist_tenant(session: Session, *, name: str = "MyWorkspace") -> Tenant:
+    tenant = Tenant(name=name)
+    session.add(tenant)
+    session.commit()
+    return tenant
+
+
+def _persist_tool_provider(
+    session: Session, provider_type: str
+) -> BuiltinToolProvider | ApiToolProvider | WorkflowToolProvider | MCPToolProvider:
+    tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+    user_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+    if provider_type in {"builtin", "plugin"}:
+        provider = BuiltinToolProvider(
+            name="CredentialA",
+            tenant_id=tenant_id,
+            user_id=user_id,
+            provider="test/provider",
+        )
+    elif provider_type == "api":
+        provider = ApiToolProvider(
+            name="CredentialA",
+            icon="icon.svg",
+            schema="{}",
+            schema_type_str=ApiProviderSchemaType.OPENAPI,
+            user_id=user_id,
+            tenant_id=tenant_id,
+            description="API provider",
+            tools_str="[]",
+            credentials_str="{}",
+        )
+    elif provider_type == "workflow":
+        provider = WorkflowToolProvider(
+            name="CredentialA",
+            label="CredentialA",
+            icon="icon.svg",
+            app_id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
+            version="1",
+            user_id=user_id,
+            tenant_id=tenant_id,
+            description="Workflow provider",
+        )
+    elif provider_type == "mcp":
+        provider = MCPToolProvider(
+            name="CredentialA",
+            server_identifier="credential-a",
+            server_url="https://example.com/mcp",
+            server_url_hash="credential-a-hash",
+            icon="icon.svg",
+            tenant_id=tenant_id,
+            user_id=user_id,
+        )
     else:
-        session.scalar.return_value = scalar_return_value
+        raise ValueError(f"unsupported provider type: {provider_type}")
 
-    cm = MagicMock()
-    cm.__enter__ = MagicMock(return_value=session)
-    cm.__exit__ = MagicMock(return_value=False)
+    session.add(provider)
+    session.commit()
+    return provider
 
-    return mock_db, cm, session
+
+def _persist_provider_credential(
+    session: Session,
+    *,
+    tenant_id: str,
+    credential_name: str = "ProvCredName",
+) -> ProviderCredential:
+    credential = ProviderCredential(
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        provider_name="openai",
+        credential_name=credential_name,
+        encrypted_config="{}",
+    )
+    session.add(credential)
+    session.commit()
+    return credential
+
+
+def _persist_model_credential(
+    session: Session,
+    *,
+    tenant_id: str,
+    credential_name: str = "ModelCredName",
+) -> ProviderModelCredential:
+    credential = ProviderModelCredential(
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        provider_name="openai",
+        model_name="gpt-4",
+        model_type=ModelType.LLM,
+        credential_name=credential_name,
+        encrypted_config="{}",
+    )
+    session.add(credential)
+    session.commit()
+    return credential
+
+
+def _persist_provider(
+    session: Session,
+    *,
+    tenant_id: str,
+    credential_id: str | None,
+) -> Provider:
+    provider = Provider(
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        provider_name="openai",
+        provider_type=ProviderType.CUSTOM,
+        credential_id=credential_id,
+    )
+    session.add(provider)
+    session.commit()
+    return provider
+
+
+def _persist_provider_model(
+    session: Session,
+    *,
+    tenant_id: str,
+    credential_id: str | None,
+) -> ProviderModel:
+    model = ProviderModel(
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        provider_name="openai",
+        model_name="gpt-4",
+        model_type=ModelType.LLM,
+        credential_id=credential_id,
+    )
+    session.add(model)
+    session.commit()
+    return model
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def _raise_on_table(engine: Engine, table_name: str) -> Iterator[None]:
+    """Raise only when SQL targets the named table, leaving other real lookups intact."""
+
+    def fail_target_query(_conn, _cursor, statement, _parameters, _context, _executemany):
+        if f"FROM {table_name}" in statement:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"forced failure for {table_name}")
+
+    event.listen(engine, "before_cursor_execute", fail_target_query)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        event.remove(engine, "before_cursor_execute", fail_target_query)
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -47,62 +223,42 @@ def _make_db_and_session_patches(scalar_side_effect=None, scalar_return_value=No
 class TestLookupAppAndWorkspaceNames:
     """Tests for _lookup_app_and_workspace_names(app_id, tenant_id)."""
 
-    def test_both_found(self):
+    def test_both_found(self, orm_session: Session):
         """Returns (app_name, workspace_name) when both records exist."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_app_and_workspace_names
 
-        mock_db, cm, _session = _make_db_and_session_patches(scalar_side_effect=["MyApp", "MyWorkspace"])
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", return_value=cm),
-        ):
-            app_name, workspace_name = _lookup_app_and_workspace_names("app-123", "tenant-456")
+        tenant = _persist_tenant(orm_session)
+        app = _persist_app(orm_session, tenant_id=tenant.id)
+        app_name, workspace_name = _lookup_app_and_workspace_names(app.id, tenant.id)
 
         assert app_name == "MyApp"
         assert workspace_name == "MyWorkspace"
 
-    def test_app_only_found(self):
+    def test_app_only_found(self, orm_session: Session):
         """Returns (app_name, '') when tenant record is absent."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_app_and_workspace_names
 
-        mock_db, cm, _session = _make_db_and_session_patches(scalar_side_effect=["MyApp", None])
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", return_value=cm),
-        ):
-            app_name, workspace_name = _lookup_app_and_workspace_names("app-123", "tenant-456")
+        app = _persist_app(orm_session, tenant_id=str(uuid.uuid4()))
+        app_name, workspace_name = _lookup_app_and_workspace_names(app.id, str(uuid.uuid4()))
 
         assert app_name == "MyApp"
         assert workspace_name == ""
 
-    def test_tenant_only_found(self):
+    def test_tenant_only_found(self, orm_session: Session):
         """Returns ('', workspace_name) when app record is absent."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_app_and_workspace_names
 
-        mock_db, cm, _session = _make_db_and_session_patches(scalar_side_effect=[None, "MyWorkspace"])
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", return_value=cm),
-        ):
-            app_name, workspace_name = _lookup_app_and_workspace_names("app-123", "tenant-456")
+        tenant = _persist_tenant(orm_session)
+        app_name, workspace_name = _lookup_app_and_workspace_names(str(uuid.uuid4()), tenant.id)
 
         assert app_name == ""
         assert workspace_name == "MyWorkspace"
 
-    def test_neither_found(self):
+    def test_neither_found(self, orm_session: Session):
         """Returns ('', '') when both DB lookups return None."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_app_and_workspace_names
 
-        mock_db, cm, _session = _make_db_and_session_patches(scalar_side_effect=[None, None])
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", return_value=cm),
-        ):
-            app_name, workspace_name = _lookup_app_and_workspace_names("app-123", "tenant-456")
+        app_name, workspace_name = _lookup_app_and_workspace_names(str(uuid.uuid4()), str(uuid.uuid4()))
 
         assert app_name == ""
         assert workspace_name == ""
@@ -111,50 +267,30 @@ class TestLookupAppAndWorkspaceNames:
         """Returns ('', '') immediately when both IDs are None — no DB access."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_app_and_workspace_names
 
-        mock_db = MagicMock()
-        mock_session_cls = MagicMock()
+        app_name, workspace_name = _lookup_app_and_workspace_names(None, None)
 
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", mock_session_cls),
-        ):
-            app_name, workspace_name = _lookup_app_and_workspace_names(None, None)
-
-        mock_session_cls.assert_not_called()
         assert app_name == ""
         assert workspace_name == ""
 
-    def test_app_id_none_only_queries_tenant(self):
+    def test_app_id_none_only_queries_tenant(self, orm_session: Session):
         """When app_id is None, only the tenant query is issued."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_app_and_workspace_names
 
-        mock_db, cm, session = _make_db_and_session_patches(scalar_return_value="OnlyWorkspace")
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", return_value=cm),
-        ):
-            app_name, workspace_name = _lookup_app_and_workspace_names(None, "tenant-456")
+        tenant = _persist_tenant(orm_session, name="OnlyWorkspace")
+        app_name, workspace_name = _lookup_app_and_workspace_names(None, tenant.id)
 
         assert app_name == ""
         assert workspace_name == "OnlyWorkspace"
-        assert session.scalar.call_count == 1
 
-    def test_tenant_id_none_only_queries_app(self):
+    def test_tenant_id_none_only_queries_app(self, orm_session: Session):
         """When tenant_id is None, only the app query is issued."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_app_and_workspace_names
 
-        mock_db, cm, session = _make_db_and_session_patches(scalar_return_value="OnlyApp")
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", return_value=cm),
-        ):
-            app_name, workspace_name = _lookup_app_and_workspace_names("app-123", None)
+        app = _persist_app(orm_session, tenant_id=str(uuid.uuid4()), name="OnlyApp")
+        app_name, workspace_name = _lookup_app_and_workspace_names(app.id, None)
 
         assert app_name == "OnlyApp"
         assert workspace_name == ""
-        assert session.scalar.call_count == 1
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -166,32 +302,20 @@ class TestLookupCredentialName:
     """Tests for _lookup_credential_name(credential_id, provider_type)."""
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("provider_type", ["builtin", "plugin", "api", "workflow", "mcp"])
-    def test_known_provider_types_return_name(self, provider_type):
+    def test_known_provider_types_return_name(self, provider_type: str, orm_session: Session):
         """Each valid provider_type results in a DB query and returns the credential name."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_credential_name
 
-        mock_db, cm, session = _make_db_and_session_patches(scalar_return_value="CredentialA")
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", return_value=cm),
-        ):
-            result = _lookup_credential_name("cred-123", provider_type)
+        provider = _persist_tool_provider(orm_session, provider_type)
+        result = _lookup_credential_name(provider.id, provider_type)
 
         assert result == "CredentialA"
-        session.scalar.assert_called_once()
 
-    def test_credential_not_found_returns_empty_string(self):
+    def test_credential_not_found_returns_empty_string(self, orm_session: Session):
         """Returns '' when DB yields None for the given credential_id."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_credential_name
 
-        mock_db, cm, _session = _make_db_and_session_patches(scalar_return_value=None)
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", return_value=cm),
-        ):
-            result = _lookup_credential_name("cred-999", "api")
+        result = _lookup_credential_name(str(uuid.uuid4()), "api")
 
         assert result == ""
 
@@ -199,48 +323,24 @@ class TestLookupCredentialName:
         """Returns '' immediately for an unrecognised provider_type — no DB access."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_credential_name
 
-        mock_db = MagicMock()
-        mock_session_cls = MagicMock()
+        result = _lookup_credential_name(str(uuid.uuid4()), "unknown_type")
 
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", mock_session_cls),
-        ):
-            result = _lookup_credential_name("cred-123", "unknown_type")
-
-        mock_session_cls.assert_not_called()
         assert result == ""
 
     def test_none_credential_id_returns_empty_string_without_db(self):
         """Returns '' immediately when credential_id is None — no DB access."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_credential_name
 
-        mock_db = MagicMock()
-        mock_session_cls = MagicMock()
+        result = _lookup_credential_name(None, "api")
 
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", mock_session_cls),
-        ):
-            result = _lookup_credential_name(None, "api")
-
-        mock_session_cls.assert_not_called()
         assert result == ""
 
     def test_none_provider_type_returns_empty_string_without_db(self):
         """Returns '' immediately when provider_type is None — no DB access."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_credential_name
 
-        mock_db = MagicMock()
-        mock_session_cls = MagicMock()
+        result = _lookup_credential_name(str(uuid.uuid4()), None)
 
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", mock_session_cls),
-        ):
-            result = _lookup_credential_name("cred-123", None)
-
-        mock_session_cls.assert_not_called()
         assert result == ""
 
     def test_builtin_and_plugin_map_to_same_model(self):
@@ -281,106 +381,78 @@ class TestLookupCredentialName:
 class TestLookupLlmCredentialInfo:
     """Tests for _lookup_llm_credential_info(tenant_id, provider, model, model_type)."""
 
-    def _provider_record(self, credential_id: str | None = None) -> MagicMock:
-        record = MagicMock()
-        record.credential_id = credential_id
-        return record
-
-    def _model_record(self, credential_id: str | None = None) -> MagicMock:
-        record = MagicMock()
-        record.credential_id = credential_id
-        return record
-
-    def test_model_level_credential_found(self):
+    def test_model_level_credential_found(self, orm_session: Session):
         """Returns model-level credential_id and name when ProviderModel has a credential."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_llm_credential_info
 
-        provider_record = self._provider_record(credential_id=None)
-        model_record = self._model_record(credential_id="model-cred-id")
+        tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        model_credential = _persist_model_credential(orm_session, tenant_id=tenant_id)
+        _persist_provider(orm_session, tenant_id=tenant_id, credential_id=None)
+        _persist_provider_model(orm_session, tenant_id=tenant_id, credential_id=model_credential.id)
 
-        # scalar calls: (1) Provider, (2) ProviderModel, (3) ProviderModelCredential.credential_name
-        mock_db, cm, _session = _make_db_and_session_patches(
-            scalar_side_effect=[provider_record, model_record, "ModelCredName"]
+        decoy_tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        decoy_credential = _persist_model_credential(
+            orm_session,
+            tenant_id=decoy_tenant_id,
+            credential_name="WrongTenantCredential",
         )
+        _persist_provider(orm_session, tenant_id=decoy_tenant_id, credential_id=None)
+        _persist_provider_model(orm_session, tenant_id=decoy_tenant_id, credential_id=decoy_credential.id)
 
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", return_value=cm),
-        ):
-            cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info("tenant-1", "openai", "gpt-4")
+        cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info(tenant_id, "openai", "gpt-4")
 
-        assert cred_id == "model-cred-id"
+        assert cred_id == model_credential.id
         assert cred_name == "ModelCredName"
 
-    def test_provider_level_fallback_when_no_model_credential(self):
+    def test_provider_level_fallback_when_no_model_credential(self, orm_session: Session):
         """Falls back to provider-level credential when ProviderModel has no credential_id."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_llm_credential_info
 
-        provider_record = self._provider_record(credential_id="prov-cred-id")
-        model_record = self._model_record(credential_id=None)
+        tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        provider_credential = _persist_provider_credential(orm_session, tenant_id=tenant_id)
+        _persist_provider(orm_session, tenant_id=tenant_id, credential_id=provider_credential.id)
+        _persist_provider_model(orm_session, tenant_id=tenant_id, credential_id=None)
 
-        # scalar calls: (1) Provider, (2) ProviderModel (no cred), (3) ProviderCredential.credential_name
-        mock_db, cm, _session = _make_db_and_session_patches(
-            scalar_side_effect=[provider_record, model_record, "ProvCredName"]
-        )
+        cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info(tenant_id, "openai", "gpt-4")
 
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", return_value=cm),
-        ):
-            cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info("tenant-1", "openai", "gpt-4")
-
-        assert cred_id == "prov-cred-id"
+        assert cred_id == provider_credential.id
         assert cred_name == "ProvCredName"
 
-    def test_provider_level_fallback_when_no_model_record(self):
+    def test_provider_level_fallback_when_no_model_record(self, orm_session: Session):
         """Falls back to provider-level credential when no ProviderModel row exists."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_llm_credential_info
 
-        provider_record = self._provider_record(credential_id="prov-cred-id")
+        tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        provider_credential = _persist_provider_credential(orm_session, tenant_id=tenant_id)
+        _persist_provider(orm_session, tenant_id=tenant_id, credential_id=provider_credential.id)
 
-        # scalar calls: (1) Provider, (2) ProviderModel → None, (3) ProviderCredential.credential_name
-        mock_db, cm, _session = _make_db_and_session_patches(scalar_side_effect=[provider_record, None, "ProvCredName"])
+        cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info(tenant_id, "openai", "gpt-4")
 
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", return_value=cm),
-        ):
-            cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info("tenant-1", "openai", "gpt-4")
-
-        assert cred_id == "prov-cred-id"
+        assert cred_id == provider_credential.id
         assert cred_name == "ProvCredName"
 
-    def test_no_model_arg_uses_provider_level_only(self):
+    def test_no_model_arg_uses_provider_level_only(self, orm_session: Session):
         """When model is None, skips ProviderModel query and uses provider credential."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_llm_credential_info
 
-        provider_record = self._provider_record(credential_id="prov-cred-id")
+        tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        provider_credential = _persist_provider_credential(orm_session, tenant_id=tenant_id)
+        _persist_provider(orm_session, tenant_id=tenant_id, credential_id=provider_credential.id)
 
-        # scalar calls: (1) Provider, (2) ProviderCredential.credential_name — no ProviderModel
-        mock_db, cm, session = _make_db_and_session_patches(scalar_side_effect=[provider_record, "ProvCredName"])
+        cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info(tenant_id, "openai", None)
 
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", return_value=cm),
-        ):
-            cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info("tenant-1", "openai", None)
-
-        assert cred_id == "prov-cred-id"
+        assert cred_id == provider_credential.id
         assert cred_name == "ProvCredName"
-        assert session.scalar.call_count == 2
 
-    def test_provider_not_found_returns_none_and_empty(self):
+    def test_provider_not_found_returns_none_and_empty(self, orm_session: Session):
         """Returns (None, '') when Provider record does not exist."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_llm_credential_info
 
-        mock_db, cm, _session = _make_db_and_session_patches(scalar_return_value=None)
+        other_tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        _persist_provider(orm_session, tenant_id=other_tenant_id, credential_id=None)
+        tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
 
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", return_value=cm),
-        ):
-            cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info("tenant-1", "openai", "gpt-4")
+        cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info(tenant_id, "openai", "gpt-4")
 
         assert cred_id is None
         assert cred_name == ""
@@ -389,16 +461,8 @@ class TestLookupLlmCredentialInfo:
         """Returns (None, '') immediately when tenant_id is None — no DB access."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_llm_credential_info
 
-        mock_db = MagicMock()
-        mock_session_cls = MagicMock()
+        cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info(None, "openai", "gpt-4")
 
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", mock_session_cls),
-        ):
-            cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info(None, "openai", "gpt-4")
-
-        mock_session_cls.assert_not_called()
         assert cred_id is None
         assert cred_name == ""
 
@@ -406,69 +470,46 @@ class TestLookupLlmCredentialInfo:
         """Returns (None, '') immediately when provider is None — no DB access."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_llm_credential_info
 
-        mock_db = MagicMock()
-        mock_session_cls = MagicMock()
+        cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info(str(uuid.uuid4()), None, "gpt-4")
 
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", mock_session_cls),
-        ):
-            cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info("tenant-1", None, "gpt-4")
-
-        mock_session_cls.assert_not_called()
         assert cred_id is None
         assert cred_name == ""
 
-    def test_db_error_on_outer_query_returns_none_and_empty(self):
+    def test_db_error_on_outer_query_returns_none_and_empty(self, orm_session: Session, sqlite_engine: Engine):
         """Returns (None, '') and logs a warning when the outer DB query raises."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_llm_credential_info
 
-        mock_db, cm, session = _make_db_and_session_patches()
-        session.scalar.side_effect = Exception("DB connection failed")
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", return_value=cm),
-        ):
-            cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info("tenant-1", "openai", "gpt-4")
+        with _raise_on_table(sqlite_engine, "providers"):
+            cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info(str(uuid.uuid4()), "openai", "gpt-4")
 
         assert cred_id is None
         assert cred_name == ""
 
-    def test_credential_name_lookup_failure_returns_id_with_empty_name(self):
+    def test_credential_name_lookup_failure_returns_id_with_empty_name(
+        self, orm_session: Session, sqlite_engine: Engine
+    ):
         """When credential name sub-query fails, returns cred_id but '' for name."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_llm_credential_info
 
-        provider_record = self._provider_record(credential_id="prov-cred-id")
+        tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        provider_credential = _persist_provider_credential(orm_session, tenant_id=tenant_id)
+        _persist_provider(orm_session, tenant_id=tenant_id, credential_id=provider_credential.id)
 
-        # Provider found, no model record, then name lookup raises
-        mock_db, cm, _session = _make_db_and_session_patches(
-            scalar_side_effect=[provider_record, None, Exception("deleted")]
-        )
+        with _raise_on_table(sqlite_engine, "provider_credentials"):
+            cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info(tenant_id, "openai", "gpt-4")
 
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", return_value=cm),
-        ):
-            cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info("tenant-1", "openai", "gpt-4")
-
-        assert cred_id == "prov-cred-id"
+        assert cred_id == provider_credential.id
         assert cred_name == ""
 
-    def test_no_credential_on_provider_or_model_returns_none_id(self):
+    def test_no_credential_on_provider_or_model_returns_none_id(self, orm_session: Session):
         """Returns (None, '') when neither provider nor model has a credential_id."""
         from core.ops.ops_trace_manager import _lookup_llm_credential_info
 
-        provider_record = self._provider_record(credential_id=None)
-        model_record = self._model_record(credential_id=None)
+        tenant_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        _persist_provider(orm_session, tenant_id=tenant_id, credential_id=None)
+        _persist_provider_model(orm_session, tenant_id=tenant_id, credential_id=None)
 
-        mock_db, cm, _session = _make_db_and_session_patches(scalar_side_effect=[provider_record, model_record])
-
-        with (
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.db", mock_db),
-            patch("core.ops.ops_trace_manager.Session", return_value=cm),
-        ):
-            cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info("tenant-1", "openai", "gpt-4")
+        cred_id, cred_name = _lookup_llm_credential_info(tenant_id, "openai", "gpt-4")
 
         assert cred_id is None
         assert cred_name == ""

api/tests/unit_tests/core/ops/test_utils.py

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import re
 from datetime import datetime
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+from decimal import Decimal
 
 import pytest
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
+import core.ops.utils as utils_module
 from core.ops.utils import (
     filter_none_values,
     generate_dotted_order,
@@ -15,6 +17,42 @@ from core.ops.utils import (
     validate_url,
     validate_url_with_path,
 )
+from models.enums import ConversationFromSource
+from models.model import Message
+
+
+class _DatabaseBinding:
+    """Expose the real SQLite session used by the message lookup helper."""
+
+    session: Session
+
+    def __init__(self, session: Session) -> None:
+        self.session = session
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def message_session(sqlite_session: Session, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> Session:
+    """Bind the message lookup helper to the shared SQLite test session."""
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(utils_module, "db", _DatabaseBinding(sqlite_session))
+    return sqlite_session
+
+
+def _message(message_id: str) -> Message:
+    message = Message(
+        id=message_id,
+        app_id="app-id",
+        conversation_id="conversation-id",
+        query="question",
+        message={"role": "user", "content": "question"},
+        answer="answer",
+        message_unit_price=Decimal("0.0001"),
+        answer_unit_price=Decimal("0.0001"),
+        currency="USD",
+        from_source=ConversationFromSource.API,
+    )
+    message._inputs = {}
+    return message
 
 
 class TestValidateUrl:
@@ -220,22 +258,20 @@ class TestFilterNoneValues:
         assert filter_none_values({}) == {}
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(Message,)], indirect=True)
 class TestGetMessageData:
     """Test cases for get_message_data function"""
 
-    @patch("core.ops.utils.db")
-    @patch("core.ops.utils.Message")
-    @patch("core.ops.utils.select")
-    def test_get_message_data(self, mock_select, mock_message, mock_db):
-        mock_scalar = mock_db.session.scalar
-        mock_msg_instance = MagicMock()
-        mock_scalar.return_value = mock_msg_instance
+    def test_get_message_data(self, message_session: Session):
+        target = _message("message-id")
+        unrelated = _message("other-message-id")
+        message_session.add_all((target, unrelated))
+        message_session.commit()
 
         result = get_message_data("message-id")
 
-        assert result == mock_msg_instance
-        mock_select.assert_called_once()
-        mock_scalar.assert_called_once()
+        assert result is target
+        assert result.id == "message-id"
 
 
 class TestMeasureTime:

api/tests/unit_tests/core/plugin/impl/test_model_client.py

@@ -28,19 +28,6 @@ class TestPluginModelClient:
         )
         assert request_mock.call_args.kwargs["params"] == {"page": 1, "page_size": 256}
 
-    def test_fetch_model_provider_bindings(self, mocker: MockerFixture):
-        client = PluginModelClient()
-        request_mock = mocker.patch.object(client, "_request_with_plugin_daemon_response", return_value=["binding-a"])
-
-        result = client.fetch_model_provider_bindings("tenant-1")
-
-        assert result == ["binding-a"]
-        assert request_mock.call_args.args[:2] == (
-            "GET",
-            "plugin/tenant-1/management/models/bindings",
-        )
-        assert "params" not in request_mock.call_args.kwargs
-
     def test_get_model_schema(self, mocker: MockerFixture):
         client = PluginModelClient()
         schema = SimpleNamespace(name="schema")

api/tests/unit_tests/core/plugin/test_plugin_manager.py

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ from core.plugin.entities.plugin import (
 )
 from core.plugin.entities.plugin_daemon import (
     PluginDecodeResponse,
-    PluginInstalledIdsDaemonResponse,
     PluginInstallTask,
     PluginInstallTaskStartResponse,
     PluginInstallTaskStatus,
@@ -133,13 +132,7 @@ class TestPluginDiscovery:
             plugin_installer, "_request_with_plugin_daemon_response", return_value=mock_response
         ) as mock_request:
             result = plugin_installer.list_plugins_by_category(
-                "test-tenant",
-                category=PluginCategory.Tool,
-                page=2,
-                page_size=10,
-                query="weather",
-                tags=["search", "rag"],
-                language="zh_Hans",
+                "test-tenant", category=PluginCategory.Tool, page=2, page_size=10
             )
 
             mock_request.assert_called_once()
@@ -148,9 +141,6 @@ class TestPluginDiscovery:
             assert call_args.args[2] is PluginListWithoutTotalResponse
             assert call_args.kwargs["params"]["page"] == 2
             assert call_args.kwargs["params"]["page_size"] == 10
-            assert call_args.kwargs["params"]["query"] == "weather"
-            assert call_args.kwargs["params"]["tags"] == ["search", "rag"]
-            assert call_args.kwargs["params"]["language"] == "zh_Hans"
             assert result.list == [mock_plugin_entity]
             assert result.has_more is True
 
@@ -166,23 +156,6 @@ class TestPluginDiscovery:
             # Assert: Verify empty list is returned
             assert len(result) == 0
 
-    def test_list_installed_plugin_ids(self, plugin_installer):
-        """The lightweight ID endpoint is unpaginated and does not request plugin details."""
-        mock_response = PluginInstalledIdsDaemonResponse(plugin_ids=["langgenius/openai", "langgenius/anthropic"])
-
-        with patch.object(
-            plugin_installer, "_request_with_plugin_daemon_response", return_value=mock_response
-        ) as mock_request:
-            result = plugin_installer.list_installed_plugin_ids("test-tenant", PluginCategory.Tool)
-
-        mock_request.assert_called_once_with(
-            "GET",
-            "plugin/test-tenant/management/installation/ids",
-            PluginInstalledIdsDaemonResponse,
-            params={"category": "tool"},
-        )
-        assert result == ["langgenius/openai", "langgenius/anthropic"]
-
     def test_fetch_plugin_by_identifier_found(self, plugin_installer):
         """Test fetching a plugin by its unique identifier when it exists."""
         # Arrange: Mock successful fetch

api/tests/unit_tests/core/prompt/test_extract_thread_messages.py

@@ -1,9 +1,42 @@
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from decimal import Decimal
 from uuid import uuid4
 
+import pytest
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
+
 from constants import UUID_NIL
 from core.prompt.utils.extract_thread_messages import extract_thread_messages
 from core.prompt.utils.get_thread_messages_length import get_thread_messages_length
+from models.enums import ConversationFromSource
+from models.model import Message
+
+
+def _persisted_message(
+    *,
+    message_id: str,
+    conversation_id: str,
+    parent_message_id: str,
+    answer: str,
+    created_at: datetime,
+) -> Message:
+    message = Message(
+        id=message_id,
+        app_id="app-id",
+        conversation_id=conversation_id,
+        query="question",
+        message={"role": "user", "content": "question"},
+        answer=answer,
+        message_unit_price=Decimal("0.0001"),
+        answer_unit_price=Decimal("0.0001"),
+        currency="USD",
+        from_source=ConversationFromSource.API,
+        parent_message_id=parent_message_id,
+        created_at=created_at,
+        updated_at=created_at,
+    )
+    message._inputs = {}
+    return message
 
 
 class MockMessage:
@@ -104,33 +137,64 @@ def test_extract_thread_messages_breaks_when_parent_is_none():
     assert result[0].id == id2
 
 
-def test_get_thread_messages_length_excludes_newly_created_empty_answer():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(Message,)], indirect=True)
+def test_get_thread_messages_length_excludes_newly_created_empty_answer(sqlite_session: Session):
     id1, id2 = str(uuid4()), str(uuid4())
+    now = datetime.now()
     messages = [
-        MockMessage(id2, id1, answer=""),  # newest generated message should be excluded
-        MockMessage(id1, UUID_NIL, answer="ok"),
+        _persisted_message(
+            message_id=id2,
+            conversation_id="conversation-1",
+            parent_message_id=id1,
+            answer="",
+            created_at=now,
+        ),
+        _persisted_message(
+            message_id=id1,
+            conversation_id="conversation-1",
+            parent_message_id=UUID_NIL,
+            answer="ok",
+            created_at=now - timedelta(seconds=1),
+        ),
+        _persisted_message(
+            message_id=str(uuid4()),
+            conversation_id="other-conversation",
+            parent_message_id=UUID_NIL,
+            answer="unrelated",
+            created_at=now + timedelta(seconds=1),
+        ),
     ]
+    sqlite_session.add_all(messages)
+    sqlite_session.commit()
 
-    session = MagicMock()
-    session.scalars.return_value.all.return_value = messages
-
-    length = get_thread_messages_length("conversation-1", session=session)
+    length = get_thread_messages_length("conversation-1", session=sqlite_session)
 
     assert length == 1
-    session.scalars.assert_called_once()
 
 
-def test_get_thread_messages_length_keeps_non_empty_latest_answer():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(Message,)], indirect=True)
+def test_get_thread_messages_length_keeps_non_empty_latest_answer(sqlite_session: Session):
     id1, id2 = str(uuid4()), str(uuid4())
+    now = datetime.now()
     messages = [
-        MockMessage(id2, id1, answer="latest-answer"),
-        MockMessage(id1, UUID_NIL, answer="older-answer"),
+        _persisted_message(
+            message_id=id2,
+            conversation_id="conversation-2",
+            parent_message_id=id1,
+            answer="latest-answer",
+            created_at=now,
+        ),
+        _persisted_message(
+            message_id=id1,
+            conversation_id="conversation-2",
+            parent_message_id=UUID_NIL,
+            answer="older-answer",
+            created_at=now - timedelta(seconds=1),
+        ),
     ]
+    sqlite_session.add_all(messages)
+    sqlite_session.commit()
 
-    session = MagicMock()
-    session.scalars.return_value.all.return_value = messages
-
-    length = get_thread_messages_length("conversation-2", session=session)
+    length = get_thread_messages_length("conversation-2", session=sqlite_session)
 
     assert length == 2
-    session.scalars.assert_called_once()

api/tests/unit_tests/core/rag/extractor/test_excel_extractor.py

@@ -2,9 +2,21 @@ from types import SimpleNamespace
 
 import pandas as pd
 import pytest
+from sqlalchemy import Engine, select
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, sessionmaker
 
 import core.rag.extractor.excel_extractor as excel_module
 from core.rag.extractor.excel_extractor import ExcelExtractor
+from models.base import TypeBase
+from models.model import UploadFile
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def database_session_maker(sqlite_engine: Engine, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> sessionmaker[Session]:
+    TypeBase.metadata.create_all(sqlite_engine, tables=[UploadFile.__table__])
+    session_maker = sessionmaker(bind=sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(excel_module.session_factory, "create_session", session_maker)
+    return session_maker
 
 
 class _FakeCell:
@@ -58,82 +70,22 @@ class _FakeImage:
         return self._raw_data
 
 
-class _FieldExpression:
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        return ("eq", other)
-
-    def in_(self, values):
-        return ("in", tuple(values))
-
-
-class _SelectStub:
-    def where(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return self
-
-
-class _FakeUploadFile:
-    tenant_id = _FieldExpression()
-    key = _FieldExpression()
-    _i = 0
-
-    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        type(self)._i += 1
-        self.id = f"u{self._i}"
-        self.key = kwargs["key"]
-
-
-class _PersistentSession:
-    def __init__(self, persisted):
-        self._persisted = persisted
-        self.added = []
-        self.commit_count = 0
-
-    def __enter__(self):
-        return self
-
-    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):
-        return False
-
-    def scalars(self, _stmt):
-        return SimpleNamespace(all=lambda: list(self._persisted.values()))
-
-    def add_all(self, objects) -> None:
-        self.added.extend(objects)
-
-    def commit(self) -> None:
-        self.commit_count += 1
-        for upload_file in self.added:
-            self._persisted[upload_file.key] = upload_file
-        self.added.clear()
-
-
-class _PersistentSessionFactory:
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.persisted = {}
-        self.sessions = []
-
-    def create_session(self):
-        session = _PersistentSession(self.persisted)
-        self.sessions.append(session)
-        return session
-
-
 def _patch_image_persistence(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
     saves: list[tuple[str, bytes]] = []
-    session_factory = _PersistentSessionFactory()
 
     def save(key: str, data: bytes) -> None:
         saves.append((key, data))
 
-    _FakeUploadFile._i = 0
-    monkeypatch.setattr(excel_module, "storage", SimpleNamespace(save=save))
-    monkeypatch.setattr(excel_module, "session_factory", session_factory)
-    monkeypatch.setattr(excel_module, "select", lambda *args, **kwargs: _SelectStub())
-    monkeypatch.setattr(excel_module, "UploadFile", _FakeUploadFile)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(excel_module.storage, "save", save)
     monkeypatch.setattr(excel_module.dify_config, "FILES_URL", "http://files.local", raising=False)
     monkeypatch.setattr(excel_module.dify_config, "STORAGE_TYPE", "local", raising=False)
 
-    return saves, session_factory
+    return saves
+
+
+def _get_upload_files(session_maker: sessionmaker[Session]) -> list[UploadFile]:
+    with session_maker() as session:
+        return list(session.scalars(select(UploadFile)).all())
 
 
 class TestExcelExtractor:
@@ -160,7 +112,11 @@ class TestExcelExtractor:
         assert docs[1].page_content == '"Name":"";"Link":"123"'
         assert all(doc.metadata["source"] == "/tmp/sample.xlsx" for doc in docs)
 
-    def test_extract_xlsx_turns_embedded_images_into_markdown_links(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+    def test_extract_xlsx_turns_embedded_images_into_markdown_links(
+        self,
+        monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+        database_session_maker: sessionmaker[Session],
+    ):
         image_bytes = b"\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\nexcel-image"
         sheet = _FakeSheet(
             header_rows=[("Question", "Answer", "Image")],
@@ -175,7 +131,7 @@ class TestExcelExtractor:
         )
         workbook = _FakeWorkbook({"Data": sheet})
         monkeypatch.setattr(excel_module, "load_workbook", lambda *args, **kwargs: workbook)
-        saves, session_factory = _patch_image_persistence(monkeypatch)
+        saves = _patch_image_persistence(monkeypatch)
 
         extractor = ExcelExtractor(
             "/tmp/sample.xlsx",
@@ -184,23 +140,30 @@ class TestExcelExtractor:
             source_file_id="source-file-1",
         )
         docs = extractor.extract()
+        upload_files = _get_upload_files(database_session_maker)
 
         assert workbook.closed is True
         assert len(docs) == 2
+        assert len(upload_files) == 1
         assert docs[0].page_content == (
             '"Question":"Q1";"Answer":"A1";'
-            '"Image":"![image](http://files.local/files/u1/file-preview) '
-            '![image](http://files.local/files/u1/file-preview)"'
+            f'"Image":"![image](http://files.local/files/{upload_files[0].id}/file-preview) '
+            f'![image](http://files.local/files/{upload_files[0].id}/file-preview)"'
         )
         assert docs[1].page_content == '"Question":"Q2";"Answer":"A2";"Image":""'
         assert len(saves) == 1
         assert saves[0][0].startswith("image_files/tenant-1/source-file-1/")
         assert saves[0][0].endswith(".png")
         assert saves[0][1] == image_bytes
-        assert len(session_factory.persisted) == 1
-        assert [session.commit_count for session in session_factory.sessions] == [1]
+        assert upload_files[0].tenant_id == "tenant-1"
+        assert upload_files[0].key == saves[0][0]
+        assert upload_files[0].used is True
 
-    def test_extract_xlsx_keeps_rows_with_only_embedded_images(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+    def test_extract_xlsx_keeps_rows_with_only_embedded_images(
+        self,
+        monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+        database_session_maker: sessionmaker[Session],
+    ):
         image_bytes = b"\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\nimage-only-row"
         sheet = _FakeSheet(
             header_rows=[("Question", "Answer", "Image")],
@@ -212,7 +175,7 @@ class TestExcelExtractor:
         )
         workbook = _FakeWorkbook({"Data": sheet})
         monkeypatch.setattr(excel_module, "load_workbook", lambda *args, **kwargs: workbook)
-        saves, session_factory = _patch_image_persistence(monkeypatch)
+        saves = _patch_image_persistence(monkeypatch)
 
         extractor = ExcelExtractor(
             "/tmp/sample.xlsx",
@@ -221,17 +184,21 @@ class TestExcelExtractor:
             source_file_id="source-file-1",
         )
         docs = extractor.extract()
+        upload_files = _get_upload_files(database_session_maker)
 
         assert workbook.closed is True
         assert len(docs) == 1
+        assert len(upload_files) == 1
         assert docs[0].page_content == (
-            '"Question":"";"Answer":"";"Image":"![image](http://files.local/files/u1/file-preview)"'
+            f'"Question":"";"Answer":"";"Image":"![image](http://files.local/files/{upload_files[0].id}/file-preview)"'
         )
         assert len(saves) == 1
-        assert len(session_factory.persisted) == 1
-        assert [session.commit_count for session in session_factory.sessions] == [1]
 
-    def test_extract_xlsx_reuses_existing_embedded_image_uploads_on_retry(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+    def test_extract_xlsx_reuses_existing_embedded_image_uploads_on_retry(
+        self,
+        monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+        database_session_maker: sessionmaker[Session],
+    ):
         image_bytes = b"\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\nretry-safe-image"
         workbooks = [
             _FakeWorkbook(
@@ -254,7 +221,7 @@ class TestExcelExtractor:
             ),
         ]
         monkeypatch.setattr(excel_module, "load_workbook", lambda *args, **kwargs: workbooks.pop(0))
-        saves, session_factory = _patch_image_persistence(monkeypatch)
+        saves = _patch_image_persistence(monkeypatch)
 
         extractor = ExcelExtractor(
             "/tmp/sample.xlsx",
@@ -264,16 +231,17 @@ class TestExcelExtractor:
         )
         first_docs = extractor.extract()
         second_docs = extractor.extract()
+        upload_files = _get_upload_files(database_session_maker)
+        assert len(upload_files) == 1
 
         expected_page_content = (
-            '"Question":"Q1";"Answer":"A1";"Image":"![image](http://files.local/files/u1/file-preview)"'
+            '"Question":"Q1";"Answer":"A1";'
+            f'"Image":"![image](http://files.local/files/{upload_files[0].id}/file-preview)"'
         )
 
         assert first_docs[0].page_content == expected_page_content
         assert second_docs[0].page_content == expected_page_content
         assert len(saves) == 1
-        assert len(session_factory.persisted) == 1
-        assert [session.commit_count for session in session_factory.sessions] == [1, 0]
 
     def test_extract_xls_path(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
         class FakeExcelFile:

api/tests/unit_tests/core/tools/workflow_as_tool/test_tool.py

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-"""Unit tests for workflow-as-tool behavior.
-
-StubSession/StubScalars emulate SQLAlchemy session/scalars with minimal methods
-(`scalar`, `scalars`, `expunge`, `commit`, `refresh`, context manager) to keep
-database access mocked and predictable in tests.
-"""
+"""Unit tests for workflow-as-tool behavior with real SQLite ORM boundaries."""
 
 import json
+import uuid
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 from typing import Any
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
 
 import pytest
+from sqlalchemy import Engine, inspect
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, sessionmaker
 
 from core.app.entities.app_invoke_entities import InvokeFrom
 from core.tools.__base.tool_runtime import ToolRuntime
@@ -23,74 +23,142 @@ from core.tools.entities.tool_entities import (
     ToolProviderType,
 )
 from core.tools.errors import ToolInvokeError
+from core.tools.workflow_as_tool import tool as workflow_tool_module
 from core.tools.workflow_as_tool.tool import WorkflowTool
 from graphon.file import FILE_MODEL_IDENTITY, FileTransferMethod, FileType
+from models.account import Account, Tenant, TenantAccountJoin, TenantAccountRole
+from models.base import TypeBase
+from models.enums import EndUserType
+from models.model import App, AppMode, EndUser
+from models.workflow import Workflow, WorkflowType
+
+TENANT_ID = "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001"
+OTHER_TENANT_ID = "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002"
+APP_ID = "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000003"
+ACCOUNT_ID = "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000004"
+END_USER_ID = "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000005"
+CREATOR_ID = "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000006"
 
 
-class StubScalars:
-    """Minimal stub for SQLAlchemy scalar results."""
-
-    _value: Any
-
-    def __init__(self, value: Any) -> None:
-        self._value = value
-
-    def first(self) -> Any:
-        return self._value
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class SqliteToolDb:
+    engine: Engine
+    session_maker: sessionmaker[Session]
+    caller_session: Session
 
 
-class StubSession:
-    """Minimal stub for session_factory-created sessions."""
+@pytest.fixture
+def sqlite_tool_db(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    sqlite_engine: Engine,
+) -> Iterator[SqliteToolDb]:
+    """Bind service-owned sessions and Account tenant reloads to SQLite."""
+    models = (App, Workflow, EndUser, Account, Tenant, TenantAccountJoin)
+    TypeBase.metadata.create_all(sqlite_engine, tables=[model.__table__ for model in models])
+    session_maker = sessionmaker(bind=sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(workflow_tool_module.session_factory, "create_session", session_maker)
 
-    scalar_results: list[Any]
-    scalars_results: list[Any]
-    expunge_calls: list[object]
+    from models import account as account_module
 
-    def __init__(self, *, scalar_results: list[Any] | None = None, scalars_results: list[Any] | None = None) -> None:
-        self.scalar_results = list(scalar_results or [])
-        self.scalars_results = list(scalars_results or [])
-        self.expunge_calls: list[object] = []
-
-    def scalar(self, _stmt: Any) -> Any:
-        return self.scalar_results.pop(0)
-
-    def scalars(self, _stmt: Any) -> StubScalars:
-        return StubScalars(self.scalars_results.pop(0))
-
-    def expunge(self, value: Any) -> None:
-        self.expunge_calls.append(value)
-
-    def begin(self) -> "StubSession":
-        return self
-
-    def commit(self) -> None:
-        pass
-
-    def refresh(self, _value: Any) -> None:
-        pass
-
-    def close(self) -> None:
-        pass
-
-    def __enter__(self) -> "StubSession":
-        return self
-
-    def __exit__(self, exc_type: Any, exc: Any, tb: Any) -> bool:
-        return False
+    monkeypatch.setattr(account_module, "db", SimpleNamespace(engine=sqlite_engine))
+    with session_maker() as caller_session:
+        yield SqliteToolDb(engine=sqlite_engine, session_maker=session_maker, caller_session=caller_session)
 
 
-def _build_tool() -> WorkflowTool:
+def _persist_tenant(db: SqliteToolDb, *, tenant_id: str = TENANT_ID) -> Tenant:
+    tenant = Tenant(name="Tenant")
+    tenant.id = tenant_id
+    db.caller_session.add(tenant)
+    db.caller_session.commit()
+    return tenant
+
+
+def _persist_account(db: SqliteToolDb, *, tenant_id: str = TENANT_ID) -> Account:
+    account = Account(name="Account", email="account@example.com")
+    account.id = ACCOUNT_ID
+    join = TenantAccountJoin(
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        account_id=account.id,
+        current=True,
+        role=TenantAccountRole.NORMAL,
+    )
+    db.caller_session.add_all([account, join])
+    db.caller_session.commit()
+    return account
+
+
+def _persist_end_user(
+    db: SqliteToolDb,
+    *,
+    end_user_id: str = END_USER_ID,
+    tenant_id: str = TENANT_ID,
+) -> EndUser:
+    end_user = EndUser(
+        id=end_user_id,
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        app_id=APP_ID,
+        type=EndUserType.SERVICE_API,
+        name="End user",
+        session_id="end-user-session",
+    )
+    db.caller_session.add(end_user)
+    db.caller_session.commit()
+    return end_user
+
+
+def _persist_app(db: SqliteToolDb) -> App:
+    app = App(
+        id=APP_ID,
+        tenant_id=TENANT_ID,
+        name="Workflow app",
+        description="",
+        mode=AppMode.WORKFLOW,
+        icon_type=None,
+        icon="",
+        icon_background=None,
+        app_model_config_id=None,
+        workflow_id=None,
+        enable_site=False,
+        enable_api=True,
+        max_active_requests=None,
+        created_by=CREATOR_ID,
+    )
+    db.caller_session.add(app)
+    db.caller_session.commit()
+    return app
+
+
+def _persist_workflow(db: SqliteToolDb, *, version: str, workflow_id: str | None = None) -> Workflow:
+    workflow = Workflow.new(
+        tenant_id=TENANT_ID,
+        app_id=APP_ID,
+        type=WorkflowType.WORKFLOW.value,
+        version=version,
+        graph=json.dumps({"nodes": [], "edges": []}),
+        features="{}",
+        created_by=CREATOR_ID,
+        environment_variables=[],
+        conversation_variables=[],
+        rag_pipeline_variables=[],
+    )
+    workflow.id = workflow_id or str(uuid.uuid4())
+    db.caller_session.add(workflow)
+    db.caller_session.commit()
+    return workflow
+
+
+def _build_tool(*, tenant_id: str = "test_tool", workflow_app_id: str = "app-1", version: str = "1") -> WorkflowTool:
     entity = ToolEntity(
         identity=ToolIdentity(author="test", name="test tool", label=I18nObject(en_US="test tool"), provider="test"),
         parameters=[],
         description=None,
         has_runtime_parameters=False,
     )
-    runtime = ToolRuntime(tenant_id="test_tool", invoke_from=InvokeFrom.EXPLORE)
+    runtime = ToolRuntime(tenant_id=tenant_id, invoke_from=InvokeFrom.EXPLORE)
     return WorkflowTool(
-        workflow_app_id="app-1",
+        workflow_app_id=workflow_app_id,
         workflow_as_tool_id="wf-tool-1",
-        version="1",
+        version=version,
         workflow_entities={},
         workflow_call_depth=1,
         entity=entity,
@@ -98,7 +166,10 @@ def _build_tool() -> WorkflowTool:
     )
 
 
-def test_workflow_tool_should_raise_tool_invoke_error_when_result_has_error_field(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+def test_workflow_tool_should_raise_tool_invoke_error_when_result_has_error_field(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    sqlite_tool_db: SqliteToolDb,
+):
     """Ensure that WorkflowTool will throw a `ToolInvokeError` exception when
     `WorkflowAppGenerator.generate` returns a result with `error` key inside
     the `data` element.
@@ -122,11 +193,14 @@ def test_workflow_tool_should_raise_tool_invoke_error_when_result_has_error_fiel
     with pytest.raises(ToolInvokeError) as exc_info:
         # WorkflowTool always returns a generator, so we need to iterate to
         # actually `run` the tool.
-        list(tool.invoke(MagicMock(), "test_user", {}))
+        list(tool.invoke(sqlite_tool_db.caller_session, "test_user", {}))
     assert exc_info.value.args == ("oops",)
 
 
-def test_workflow_tool_does_not_use_pause_state_config(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+def test_workflow_tool_does_not_use_pause_state_config(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    sqlite_tool_db: SqliteToolDb,
+):
     """Ensure pause_state_config is passed as None."""
     tool = _build_tool()
 
@@ -140,14 +214,17 @@ def test_workflow_tool_does_not_use_pause_state_config(monkeypatch: pytest.Monke
     monkeypatch.setattr("core.app.apps.workflow.app_generator.WorkflowAppGenerator.generate", generate_mock)
     monkeypatch.setattr("libs.login.current_user", lambda *args, **kwargs: None)
 
-    list(tool.invoke(MagicMock(), "test_user", {}))
+    list(tool.invoke(sqlite_tool_db.caller_session, "test_user", {}))
 
     call_kwargs = generate_mock.call_args.kwargs
     assert "pause_state_config" in call_kwargs
     assert call_kwargs["pause_state_config"] is None
 
 
-def test_workflow_tool_passes_parent_trace_context_from_runtime(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+def test_workflow_tool_passes_parent_trace_context_from_runtime(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    sqlite_tool_db: SqliteToolDb,
+):
     """Ensure nested workflow runtime metadata is forwarded as parent trace context."""
     tool = _build_tool()
     tool.set_parent_trace_context(
@@ -165,7 +242,7 @@ def test_workflow_tool_passes_parent_trace_context_from_runtime(monkeypatch: pyt
     monkeypatch.setattr("core.app.apps.workflow.app_generator.WorkflowAppGenerator.generate", generate_mock)
     monkeypatch.setattr("libs.login.current_user", lambda *args, **kwargs: None)
 
-    list(tool.invoke(MagicMock(), "test_user", {}))
+    list(tool.invoke(sqlite_tool_db.caller_session, "test_user", {}))
 
     call_kwargs = generate_mock.call_args.kwargs
     assert call_kwargs["args"]["parent_trace_context"].model_dump() == {
@@ -174,7 +251,10 @@ def test_workflow_tool_passes_parent_trace_context_from_runtime(monkeypatch: pyt
     }
 
 
-def test_workflow_tool_passes_parent_trace_session_id(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+def test_workflow_tool_passes_parent_trace_session_id(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    sqlite_tool_db: SqliteToolDb,
+):
     """Ensure nested workflows inherit the parent observability session ID."""
     tool = _build_tool()
     tool.entity.parameters = [
@@ -197,14 +277,17 @@ def test_workflow_tool_passes_parent_trace_session_id(monkeypatch: pytest.Monkey
     monkeypatch.setattr("core.app.apps.workflow.app_generator.WorkflowAppGenerator.generate", generate_mock)
     monkeypatch.setattr("libs.login.current_user", lambda *args, **kwargs: None)
 
-    list(tool.invoke(MagicMock(), "test_user", {"trace_session_id": "user-input-session"}))
+    list(tool.invoke(sqlite_tool_db.caller_session, "test_user", {"trace_session_id": "user-input-session"}))
 
     call_kwargs = generate_mock.call_args.kwargs
     assert call_kwargs["args"]["inputs"]["trace_session_id"] == "user-input-session"
     assert call_kwargs["args"]["trace_session_id"] == "session-1"
 
 
-def test_workflow_tool_keeps_user_inputs_named_like_trace_runtime_keys(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+def test_workflow_tool_keeps_user_inputs_named_like_trace_runtime_keys(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    sqlite_tool_db: SqliteToolDb,
+):
     """Ensure private trace context does not overwrite same-named workflow inputs."""
     tool = _build_tool()
     tool.entity.parameters = [
@@ -238,7 +321,7 @@ def test_workflow_tool_keeps_user_inputs_named_like_trace_runtime_keys(monkeypat
 
     list(
         tool.invoke(
-            MagicMock(),
+            sqlite_tool_db.caller_session,
             "test_user",
             {
                 "outer_workflow_run_id": "user-workflow-input",
@@ -256,7 +339,10 @@ def test_workflow_tool_keeps_user_inputs_named_like_trace_runtime_keys(monkeypat
     }
 
 
-def test_workflow_tool_can_clear_parent_trace_context(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+def test_workflow_tool_can_clear_parent_trace_context(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    sqlite_tool_db: SqliteToolDb,
+):
     """Ensure reused WorkflowTool instances do not keep stale parent trace context."""
     tool = _build_tool()
     tool.set_parent_trace_context(
@@ -275,13 +361,16 @@ def test_workflow_tool_can_clear_parent_trace_context(monkeypatch: pytest.Monkey
     monkeypatch.setattr("core.app.apps.workflow.app_generator.WorkflowAppGenerator.generate", generate_mock)
     monkeypatch.setattr("libs.login.current_user", lambda *args, **kwargs: None)
 
-    list(tool.invoke(MagicMock(), "test_user", {}))
+    list(tool.invoke(sqlite_tool_db.caller_session, "test_user", {}))
 
     call_kwargs = generate_mock.call_args.kwargs
     assert "parent_trace_context" not in call_kwargs["args"]
 
 
-def test_workflow_tool_can_clear_trace_session_id(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+def test_workflow_tool_can_clear_trace_session_id(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    sqlite_tool_db: SqliteToolDb,
+):
     """Ensure reused WorkflowTool instances do not keep stale trace session IDs."""
     tool = _build_tool()
     tool.set_trace_session_id("session-1")
@@ -297,7 +386,7 @@ def test_workflow_tool_can_clear_trace_session_id(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatc
     monkeypatch.setattr("core.app.apps.workflow.app_generator.WorkflowAppGenerator.generate", generate_mock)
     monkeypatch.setattr("libs.login.current_user", lambda *args, **kwargs: None)
 
-    list(tool.invoke(MagicMock(), "test_user", {}))
+    list(tool.invoke(sqlite_tool_db.caller_session, "test_user", {}))
 
     call_kwargs = generate_mock.call_args.kwargs
     assert "trace_session_id" not in call_kwargs["args"]
@@ -315,6 +404,7 @@ def test_workflow_tool_can_clear_trace_session_id(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatc
 def test_workflow_tool_omits_parent_trace_context_when_runtime_is_incomplete(
     monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
     runtime_parameters: dict[str, Any],
+    sqlite_tool_db: SqliteToolDb,
 ):
     """Ensure incomplete runtime metadata does not leak parent trace context into generator args."""
     tool = _build_tool()
@@ -330,13 +420,16 @@ def test_workflow_tool_omits_parent_trace_context_when_runtime_is_incomplete(
     monkeypatch.setattr("core.app.apps.workflow.app_generator.WorkflowAppGenerator.generate", generate_mock)
     monkeypatch.setattr("libs.login.current_user", lambda *args, **kwargs: None)
 
-    list(tool.invoke(MagicMock(), "test_user", {}))
+    list(tool.invoke(sqlite_tool_db.caller_session, "test_user", {}))
 
     call_kwargs = generate_mock.call_args.kwargs
     assert "parent_trace_context" not in call_kwargs["args"]
 
 
-def test_workflow_tool_should_generate_variable_messages_for_outputs(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+def test_workflow_tool_should_generate_variable_messages_for_outputs(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    sqlite_tool_db: SqliteToolDb,
+):
     """Test that WorkflowTool should generate variable messages when there are outputs"""
     tool = _build_tool()
 
@@ -359,7 +452,7 @@ def test_workflow_tool_should_generate_variable_messages_for_outputs(monkeypatch
     monkeypatch.setattr("libs.login.current_user", lambda *args, **kwargs: None)
 
     # Execute tool invocation
-    messages = list(tool.invoke(MagicMock(), "test_user", {}))
+    messages = list(tool.invoke(sqlite_tool_db.caller_session, "test_user", {}))
 
     # Verify variable messages
     variable_messages = [msg for msg in messages if msg.type == ToolInvokeMessage.MessageType.VARIABLE]
@@ -382,7 +475,10 @@ def test_workflow_tool_should_generate_variable_messages_for_outputs(monkeypatch
     assert json_messages[0].message.json_object == mock_outputs
 
 
-def test_workflow_tool_should_handle_empty_outputs(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+def test_workflow_tool_should_handle_empty_outputs(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    sqlite_tool_db: SqliteToolDb,
+):
     """Test that WorkflowTool should handle empty outputs correctly"""
     tool = _build_tool()
 
@@ -402,7 +498,7 @@ def test_workflow_tool_should_handle_empty_outputs(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPat
     monkeypatch.setattr("libs.login.current_user", lambda *args, **kwargs: None)
 
     # Execute tool invocation
-    messages = list(tool.invoke(MagicMock(), "test_user", {}))
+    messages = list(tool.invoke(sqlite_tool_db.caller_session, "test_user", {}))
 
     # Verify generated messages
     # Should contain: 0 variable messages + 1 text message + 1 JSON message = 2 messages
@@ -458,41 +554,32 @@ def test_create_file_message_should_include_file_marker():
     assert message.meta == {"file": file_obj}
 
 
-def test_resolve_user_from_database_falls_back_to_end_user(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+def test_resolve_user_from_database_falls_back_to_end_user(sqlite_tool_db: SqliteToolDb):
     """Ensure worker context can resolve EndUser when Account is missing."""
-
-    tenant = SimpleNamespace(id="tenant_id")
-    end_user = SimpleNamespace(id="end_user_id", tenant_id="tenant_id")
-
-    # Monkeypatch session factory to return our stub session
-    stub_session = StubSession(scalar_results=[tenant, None, end_user])
-    monkeypatch.setattr(
-        "core.tools.workflow_as_tool.tool.session_factory.create_session",
-        lambda: stub_session,
+    _persist_tenant(sqlite_tool_db)
+    end_user = _persist_end_user(sqlite_tool_db)
+    other_tenant_end_user = _persist_end_user(
+        sqlite_tool_db,
+        end_user_id="00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000007",
+        tenant_id=OTHER_TENANT_ID,
     )
 
-    tool = _build_tool()
+    tool = _build_tool(tenant_id=TENANT_ID)
     tool.runtime.invoke_from = InvokeFrom.SERVICE_API
-    tool.runtime.tenant_id = "tenant_id"
 
     resolved_user = tool._resolve_user_from_database(user_id=end_user.id)
 
-    assert resolved_user is end_user
-    assert stub_session.expunge_calls == [end_user]
+    assert isinstance(resolved_user, EndUser)
+    assert resolved_user.id == end_user.id
+    assert resolved_user.tenant_id == TENANT_ID
+    assert inspect(resolved_user).detached is True
+    assert tool._resolve_user_from_database(user_id=other_tenant_end_user.id) is None
 
 
-def test_resolve_user_from_database_returns_none_when_no_tenant(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+def test_resolve_user_from_database_returns_none_when_no_tenant(sqlite_tool_db: SqliteToolDb):
     """Return None if tenant cannot be found in worker context."""
-
-    # Monkeypatch session factory to return our stub session with no tenant
-    monkeypatch.setattr(
-        "core.tools.workflow_as_tool.tool.session_factory.create_session",
-        lambda: StubSession(scalar_results=[None]),
-    )
-
-    tool = _build_tool()
+    tool = _build_tool(tenant_id=OTHER_TENANT_ID)
     tool.runtime.invoke_from = InvokeFrom.SERVICE_API
-    tool.runtime.tenant_id = "missing_tenant"
 
     resolved_user = tool._resolve_user_from_database(user_id="any")
 
@@ -544,7 +631,10 @@ def test_extract_usage_from_nested():
     assert nested == {"total_tokens": 3}
 
 
-def test_invoke_raises_when_user_not_found(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+def test_invoke_raises_when_user_not_found(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    sqlite_tool_db: SqliteToolDb,
+):
     """Raise ToolInvokeError when user resolution fails."""
     tool = _build_tool()
     monkeypatch.setattr(tool, "_get_app", lambda *args, **kwargs: None)
@@ -552,58 +642,45 @@ def test_invoke_raises_when_user_not_found(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
     monkeypatch.setattr(tool, "_resolve_user", lambda *args, **kwargs: None)
 
     with pytest.raises(ToolInvokeError, match="User not found"):
-        list(tool.invoke(MagicMock(), "missing", {}))
+        list(tool.invoke(sqlite_tool_db.caller_session, "missing", {}))
 
 
-def test_resolve_user_from_database_returns_account(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+def test_resolve_user_from_database_returns_account(sqlite_tool_db: SqliteToolDb):
     """Resolve Account and set tenant in worker context."""
-    tenant = SimpleNamespace(id="tenant_id")
-    account = SimpleNamespace(id="account_id", current_tenant=None)
-    set_current_tenant = Mock(side_effect=lambda tenant, *, session: setattr(account, "current_tenant", tenant))
-    account.set_current_tenant_with_session = set_current_tenant
-    session = StubSession(scalar_results=[tenant, account])
+    tenant = _persist_tenant(sqlite_tool_db)
+    account = _persist_account(sqlite_tool_db)
+    tool = _build_tool(tenant_id=TENANT_ID)
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr("core.tools.workflow_as_tool.tool.session_factory.create_session", lambda: session)
-    tool = _build_tool()
-    tool.runtime.tenant_id = "tenant_id"
-
-    resolved = tool._resolve_user_from_database(user_id="account_id")
-    assert resolved is account
-    assert account.current_tenant is tenant
-    set_current_tenant.assert_called_once_with(tenant, session=session)
-    assert session.expunge_calls == [account]
+    resolved = tool._resolve_user_from_database(user_id=account.id)
+    assert isinstance(resolved, Account)
+    assert resolved.id == account.id
+    assert resolved.current_tenant_id == tenant.id
+    assert inspect(resolved).detached is True
 
 
-def test_get_workflow_and_get_app_db_branches(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+def test_get_workflow_and_get_app_db_branches(sqlite_tool_db: SqliteToolDb):
     """Cover workflow/app retrieval branches and error cases."""
-    tool = _build_tool()
-    latest_workflow = SimpleNamespace(id="wf-latest")
-    specific_workflow = SimpleNamespace(id="wf-v1")
-    app = SimpleNamespace(id="app-1")
-    sessions = iter(
-        [
-            StubSession(scalar_results=[], scalars_results=[latest_workflow]),
-            StubSession(scalar_results=[specific_workflow], scalars_results=[]),
-            StubSession(scalar_results=[app], scalars_results=[]),
-        ]
-    )
-    monkeypatch.setattr(
-        "core.tools.workflow_as_tool.tool.session_factory.create_session",
-        lambda: next(sessions),
-    )
+    app = _persist_app(sqlite_tool_db)
+    specific_workflow = _persist_workflow(sqlite_tool_db, version="1")
+    latest_workflow = _persist_workflow(sqlite_tool_db, version="2")
+    _persist_workflow(sqlite_tool_db, version=Workflow.VERSION_DRAFT)
+    tool = _build_tool(tenant_id=TENANT_ID, workflow_app_id=APP_ID)
 
-    assert tool._get_workflow("app-1", "") is latest_workflow
-    assert tool._get_workflow("app-1", "1") is specific_workflow
-    assert tool._get_app("app-1") is app
+    latest = tool._get_workflow(APP_ID, "")
+    specific = tool._get_workflow(APP_ID, "1")
+    resolved_app = tool._get_app(APP_ID)
+
+    assert latest.id == latest_workflow.id
+    assert specific.id == specific_workflow.id
+    assert resolved_app.id == app.id
+    assert inspect(latest).detached is True
+    assert inspect(specific).detached is True
+    assert inspect(resolved_app).detached is True
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr(
-        "core.tools.workflow_as_tool.tool.session_factory.create_session",
-        lambda: StubSession(scalar_results=[None, None], scalars_results=[None]),
-    )
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="workflow not found"):
-        tool._get_workflow("app-1", "1")
+        tool._get_workflow(APP_ID, "missing")
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="app not found"):
-        tool._get_app("app-1")
+        tool._get_app("00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000099")
 
 
 def _setup_transform_args_tool(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> WorkflowTool:
@@ -722,7 +799,10 @@ def test_transform_args_normalizes_optional_files_parameter(
     assert files == []
 
 
-def test_workflow_tool_invocation_normalizes_optional_files_parameter(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+def test_workflow_tool_invocation_normalizes_optional_files_parameter(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+    sqlite_tool_db: SqliteToolDb,
+):
     """Ensure casted empty FILES values do not reach workflow input validation as [None]."""
     tool = _build_tool()
     images_param = ToolParameter.get_simple_instance(
@@ -741,7 +821,7 @@ def test_workflow_tool_invocation_normalizes_optional_files_parameter(monkeypatc
     generate_mock = MagicMock(return_value={"data": {}})
     monkeypatch.setattr("core.app.apps.workflow.app_generator.WorkflowAppGenerator.generate", generate_mock)
 
-    list(tool.invoke(MagicMock(), "test_user", {"images": None}))
+    list(tool.invoke(sqlite_tool_db.caller_session, "test_user", {"images": None}))
 
     call_kwargs = generate_mock.call_args.kwargs
     assert call_kwargs["args"]["inputs"]["images"] == []

api/tests/unit_tests/core/workflow/nodes/agent_v2/test_runtime_request_builder.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from typing import cast
 
 import pytest
 from agenton.compositor import CompositorSessionSnapshot
+from dify_agent.layers.config import DifyConfigSkillConfig
 from dify_agent.layers.dify_core_tools import DifyCoreToolConfig, DifyCoreToolsLayerConfig
 from dify_agent.layers.dify_plugin import DifyPluginToolConfig, DifyPluginToolsLayerConfig
 from dify_agent.protocol import DIFY_AGENT_HISTORY_LAYER_ID, DIFY_AGENT_MODEL_LAYER_ID
@@ -40,6 +41,14 @@ from models.agent_config_entities import (
 )
 
 
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _no_runtime_agent_skills(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "core.workflow.nodes.agent_v2.runtime_request_builder.load_runtime_agent_skill_configs",
+        lambda *, tenant_id, agent_id: [],
+    )
+
+
 class FakeCredentialsProvider:
     def fetch(self, provider_name: str, model_name: str) -> dict[str, object]:
         assert provider_name == "openai"
@@ -1420,6 +1429,30 @@ def test_build_config_layer_config_includes_soul_context_and_mentions():
     assert warnings == []
 
 
+def test_build_config_layer_config_includes_runtime_agent_skills():
+    from core.workflow.nodes.agent_v2.runtime_request_builder import build_config_layer_config
+
+    soul = AgentSoulConfig(
+        prompt={"system_prompt": "Use [§skill:workspace-skill:Workspace Skill§]."},
+        model=AgentSoulModelConfig(plugin_id="langgenius/openai", model_provider="openai", model="gpt-test"),
+    )
+    config, warnings = build_config_layer_config(
+        soul,
+        runtime_config_skills=[
+            DifyConfigSkillConfig(
+                name="workspace-skill",
+                description="Bound workspace skill.",
+                size=123,
+                mime_type="application/zip",
+            )
+        ],
+    )
+
+    assert [skill.name for skill in config.skills] == ["workspace-skill"]
+    assert config.mentioned_skill_names == ["workspace-skill"]
+    assert warnings == []
+
+
 def test_build_config_layer_config_returns_empty_config_for_empty_agent_soul():
     from core.workflow.nodes.agent_v2.runtime_request_builder import build_config_layer_config
 
@@ -1505,6 +1538,33 @@ def test_workflow_run_request_contains_config_layer():
     assert any(spec.name == DIFY_CONFIG_LAYER_ID and spec.type == "dify.config" for spec in specs)
 
 
+def test_workflow_run_request_includes_bound_workspace_skills(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "core.workflow.nodes.agent_v2.runtime_request_builder.load_runtime_agent_skill_configs",
+        lambda *, tenant_id, agent_id: [
+            DifyConfigSkillConfig(
+                name="workspace-skill",
+                description="Bound workspace skill.",
+                size=123,
+                mime_type="application/zip",
+            )
+        ],
+    )
+    context = _context()
+    context.snapshot.config_snapshot = AgentSoulConfig(
+        prompt={"system_prompt": "Use [§skill:workspace-skill:Workspace Skill§]."},
+        model=AgentSoulModelConfig(plugin_id="langgenius/openai", model_provider="openai", model="gpt-test"),
+    )
+
+    result = WorkflowAgentRuntimeRequestBuilder(credentials_provider=FakeCredentialsProvider()).build(context)
+
+    config = next(layer for layer in result.request.composition.layers if layer.name == DIFY_CONFIG_LAYER_ID)
+    assert [skill.name for skill in config.config.skills] == ["workspace-skill"]
+    assert config.config.mentioned_skill_names == ["workspace-skill"]
+    soul_prompt = next(layer for layer in result.request.composition.layers if layer.name == "agent_soul_prompt")
+    assert soul_prompt.config.prefix == "Use workspace-skill."
+
+
 def test_workflow_runtime_expands_config_mentions_in_agent_soul_prompt():
     context = _context()
     context.snapshot.config_snapshot = _soul_with_config_assets()

api/tests/unit_tests/events/test_update_provider_when_message_created.py

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from models.provider import ProviderType
 @pytest.fixture
 def credit_pool_session_factory(sqlite_engine: Engine) -> Iterator[sessionmaker[Session]]:
     """Bind message-created accounting to fixture-owned SQLite sessions."""
-    TenantCreditPool.__table__.create(sqlite_engine)
     session_factory = sessionmaker(bind=sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False)
     with patch("events.event_handlers.update_provider_when_message_created.db.session", session_factory):
         yield session_factory

api/tests/unit_tests/libs/test_helper.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from datetime import datetime
 
 import pytest
 
-from libs.helper import OptionalTimestampField, email, escape_like_pattern, extract_tenant_id
+from libs.helper import OptionalTimestampField, alphanumeric, email, escape_like_pattern, extract_tenant_id
 from models.account import Account
 from models.model import EndUser
 
@@ -153,3 +153,47 @@ class TestEmailValidator:
     def test_invalid_email_rejected(self):
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="not a valid email"):
             email("not-an-email")
+
+
+class TestAlphanumericValidator:
+    """Tests for the alphanumeric() validator — regression for #39666."""
+
+    def test_valid_alphanumeric_accepted(self):
+        assert alphanumeric("tool_name") == "tool_name"
+        assert alphanumeric("Tool123") == "Tool123"
+        assert alphanumeric("_underscore_start") == "_underscore_start"
+        assert alphanumeric("a") == "a"
+
+    def test_trailing_newline_rejected(self):
+        # re.match with $ accepts a trailing \n in Python; re.fullmatch does not.
+        # This was the pre-fix behaviour: alphanumeric("tool\n") returned "tool\n".
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="not a valid alphanumeric value"):
+            alphanumeric("tool_name\n")
+
+    def test_trailing_carriage_return_rejected(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="not a valid alphanumeric value"):
+            alphanumeric("tool_name\r")
+
+    def test_trailing_crlf_rejected(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="not a valid alphanumeric value"):
+            alphanumeric("tool_name\r\n")
+
+    def test_leading_newline_rejected(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="not a valid alphanumeric value"):
+            alphanumeric("\ntool_name")
+
+    def test_embedded_whitespace_rejected(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="not a valid alphanumeric value"):
+            alphanumeric("tool name")
+
+    def test_empty_string_rejected(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="not a valid alphanumeric value"):
+            alphanumeric("")
+
+    def test_special_characters_rejected(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="not a valid alphanumeric value"):
+            alphanumeric("tool-name")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="not a valid alphanumeric value"):
+            alphanumeric("tool.name")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="not a valid alphanumeric value"):
+            alphanumeric("tool/name")

api/tests/unit_tests/services/agent/test_skill_package_service.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from services.agent import skill_package_service as skill_package_service_module
 from services.agent.skill_package_service import NormalizedSkillPackage, SkillPackageError, SkillPackageService
 
 _SKILL_MD = """---
-name: PDF Toolkit
+name: pdf-toolkit
 description: Tools for working with PDF files.
 ---
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def _archive_members(content: bytes) -> list[str]:
 def test_valid_skill_normalizes_manifest():
     manifest = _normalize({"SKILL.md": _SKILL_MD.encode(), "scripts/run.py": b"print('hi')\n"}).manifest
 
-    assert manifest.name == "PDF Toolkit"
+    assert manifest.name == "pdf-toolkit"
     assert manifest.description == "Tools for working with PDF files."
     assert manifest.entry_path == "SKILL.md"
     assert set(manifest.files) == {"SKILL.md", "scripts/run.py"}
@@ -51,10 +51,10 @@ def test_valid_skill_normalizes_manifest():
     assert len(manifest.hash) == 64
 
 
-def test_name_falls_back_to_heading_without_frontmatter():
-    manifest = _normalize({"SKILL.md": b"# Heading Name\n\nbody"}).manifest
-    assert manifest.name == "Heading Name"
-    assert manifest.description == ""
+def test_name_and_description_are_required_in_frontmatter():
+    with pytest.raises(SkillPackageError) as exc_info:
+        _normalize({"SKILL.md": b"# heading-name\n\nbody"})
+    assert exc_info.value.code == "missing_skill_name"
 
 
 def test_shallowest_skill_md_preferred_during_normalization():
@@ -155,7 +155,18 @@ def test_validate_and_normalize_strips_deeper_selected_skill_root():
         ({"README.md": b"x"}, "skill.zip", "missing_skill_md"),
         ({"SKILL.md": _SKILL_MD.encode()}, "skill.tar", "unsupported_extension"),
         ({"SKILL.md": b""}, "skill.zip", "empty_skill_md"),
-        ({"SKILL.md": b"no name here"}, "skill.zip", "missing_skill_name"),
+        ({"SKILL.md": b"---\ndescription: valid\n---\n# no name here"}, "skill.zip", "missing_skill_name"),
+        ({"SKILL.md": b"---\nname: pdf-toolkit\n---\n# no description"}, "skill.zip", "missing_skill_description"),
+        (
+            {"SKILL.md": b"---\nname: PDF Toolkit\ndescription: valid\n---\n# invalid name"},
+            "skill.zip",
+            "invalid_skill_name",
+        ),
+        (
+            {"SKILL.md": f"---\nname: pdf-toolkit\ndescription: {'x' * 1025}\n---\n# long".encode()},
+            "skill.zip",
+            "invalid_skill_description",
+        ),
         ({"SKILL.md": b"\xff\xfenot utf8"}, "skill.zip", "skill_md_not_utf8"),
     ],
 )
@@ -224,10 +235,10 @@ def test_bad_frontmatter_yaml_rejected():
     assert exc_info.value.code == "invalid_frontmatter"
 
 
-def test_unterminated_frontmatter_falls_back_to_heading():
-    # leading '---' with no closing fence -> no frontmatter, use the heading
-    manifest = _normalize({"SKILL.md": b"---\n# Heading Wins\nbody"}).manifest
-    assert manifest.name == "Heading Wins"
+def test_unterminated_frontmatter_rejected():
+    with pytest.raises(SkillPackageError) as exc_info:
+        _normalize({"SKILL.md": b"---\n# heading-wins\nbody"})
+    assert exc_info.value.code == "missing_skill_name"
 
 
 def test_validate_and_normalize_rejects_files_outside_selected_skill_root():

api/tests/unit_tests/services/agent/test_skill_standardize_service.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ _AGENT_ID = "22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222"
 _USER_ID = "33333333-3333-3333-3333-333333333333"
 
 _SKILL_MD = b"""---
-name: PDF Toolkit
+name: pdf-toolkit
 description: Work with PDFs.
 ---
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ def test_standardize_creates_drive_owned_toolfiles_and_commits_archive_manifest(
     assert skill_row.is_skill is True
     assert skill_row.skill_metadata is not None
     skill_metadata = DriveSkillMetadata.model_validate_json(skill_row.skill_metadata)
-    assert skill_metadata.name == "PDF Toolkit"
+    assert skill_metadata.name == "pdf-toolkit"
     assert skill_metadata.manifest_files == ["SKILL.md", "scripts/run.py"]
     assert archive_row.file_kind == AgentDriveFileKind.TOOL_FILE
     assert archive_row.file_id == archive_tool_file.id
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ def test_standardize_creates_drive_owned_toolfiles_and_commits_archive_manifest(
     # The returned upload response carries only the drive-derived fields the UI needs.
     skill = result["skill"]
     assert skill["path"] == "pdf-toolkit"
-    assert skill["name"] == "PDF Toolkit"
+    assert skill["name"] == "pdf-toolkit"
     assert skill["archive_key"] == "pdf-toolkit/.DIFY-SKILL-FULL.zip"
     assert skill["skill_md_key"] == "pdf-toolkit/SKILL.md"
     assert result["manifest"]["entry_path"] == "SKILL.md"

api/tests/unit_tests/services/plugin/test_plugin_auto_upgrade_service.py

@@ -1,89 +1,105 @@
 import logging
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+from uuid import uuid4
 
 import pytest
+from sqlalchemy import select
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from models.account import (
     TenantPluginAutoUpgradeCategory,
     TenantPluginAutoUpgradeMode,
+    TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategy,
     TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategySetting,
 )
+from services.plugin.plugin_auto_upgrade_service import PluginAutoUpgradeService
 
 MODULE = "services.plugin.plugin_auto_upgrade_service"
 PLUGIN_CATEGORY = TenantPluginAutoUpgradeCategory.TOOL
+STRATEGY_MODELS = (TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategy,)
 
 
-def _patched_session():
-    """Return a mock SQLAlchemy session for service calls."""
-    session = MagicMock()
-    return session
+def _strategy(
+    tenant_id: str,
+    *,
+    category: TenantPluginAutoUpgradeCategory = PLUGIN_CATEGORY,
+    setting: TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategySetting = TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategySetting.FIX_ONLY,
+    mode: TenantPluginAutoUpgradeMode = TenantPluginAutoUpgradeMode.EXCLUDE,
+    exclude: list[str] | None = None,
+    include: list[str] | None = None,
+    upgrade_time: int = 0,
+) -> TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategy:
+    return TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategy(
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        category=category,
+        strategy_setting=setting,
+        upgrade_time_of_day=upgrade_time,
+        upgrade_mode=mode,
+        exclude_plugins=exclude or [],
+        include_plugins=include or [],
+    )
 
 
 class TestGetStrategy:
-    def test_returns_strategy_when_found(self):
-        session = _patched_session()
-        strategy = MagicMock()
-        session.scalar.return_value = strategy
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [STRATEGY_MODELS], indirect=True)
+    def test_returns_strategy_when_found(self, sqlite_session: Session) -> None:
+        tenant_id = str(uuid4())
+        strategy = _strategy(tenant_id)
+        sqlite_session.add(strategy)
+        sqlite_session.commit()
 
-        from services.plugin.plugin_auto_upgrade_service import PluginAutoUpgradeService
-
-        result = PluginAutoUpgradeService.get_strategy("t1", PLUGIN_CATEGORY, session=session)
+        result = PluginAutoUpgradeService.get_strategy(tenant_id, PLUGIN_CATEGORY, session=sqlite_session)
 
         assert result is strategy
 
-    def test_returns_none_when_not_found(self):
-        session = _patched_session()
-        session.scalar.return_value = None
-
-        from services.plugin.plugin_auto_upgrade_service import PluginAutoUpgradeService
-
-        result = PluginAutoUpgradeService.get_strategy("t1", PLUGIN_CATEGORY, session=session)
-
-        assert result is None
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [STRATEGY_MODELS], indirect=True)
+    def test_returns_none_when_not_found(self, sqlite_session: Session) -> None:
+        assert PluginAutoUpgradeService.get_strategy(str(uuid4()), PLUGIN_CATEGORY, session=sqlite_session) is None
 
 
 class TestChangeStrategy:
-    def test_creates_new_strategy(self):
-        session = _patched_session()
-        session.scalar.return_value = None
-
-        with patch(f"{MODULE}.select"), patch(f"{MODULE}.TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategy") as strat_cls:
-            strat_cls.return_value = MagicMock()
-            from services.plugin.plugin_auto_upgrade_service import PluginAutoUpgradeService
-
-            result = PluginAutoUpgradeService.change_strategy(
-                "t1",
-                TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategySetting.FIX_ONLY,
-                3,
-                TenantPluginAutoUpgradeMode.ALL,
-                [],
-                [],
-                category=PLUGIN_CATEGORY,
-                session=session,
-            )
-
-        assert result is True
-        session.add.assert_called_once()
-
-    def test_updates_existing_strategy(self):
-        session = _patched_session()
-        existing = MagicMock()
-        session.scalar.return_value = existing
-
-        from services.plugin.plugin_auto_upgrade_service import PluginAutoUpgradeService
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [STRATEGY_MODELS], indirect=True)
+    def test_creates_new_strategy(self, sqlite_session: Session) -> None:
+        tenant_id = str(uuid4())
 
         result = PluginAutoUpgradeService.change_strategy(
-            "t1",
+            tenant_id,
+            TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategySetting.FIX_ONLY,
+            3,
+            TenantPluginAutoUpgradeMode.ALL,
+            [],
+            [],
+            category=PLUGIN_CATEGORY,
+            session=sqlite_session,
+        )
+
+        strategy = sqlite_session.scalar(select(TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategy))
+        assert result is True
+        assert strategy is not None
+        assert strategy.tenant_id == tenant_id
+        assert strategy.upgrade_time_of_day == 3
+        assert strategy.upgrade_mode == TenantPluginAutoUpgradeMode.ALL
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [STRATEGY_MODELS], indirect=True)
+    def test_updates_existing_strategy(self, sqlite_session: Session) -> None:
+        tenant_id = str(uuid4())
+        existing = _strategy(tenant_id)
+        sqlite_session.add(existing)
+        sqlite_session.commit()
+
+        result = PluginAutoUpgradeService.change_strategy(
+            tenant_id,
             TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategySetting.LATEST,
             5,
             TenantPluginAutoUpgradeMode.PARTIAL,
             ["p1"],
             ["p2"],
             category=PLUGIN_CATEGORY,
-            session=session,
+            session=sqlite_session,
         )
 
+        sqlite_session.refresh(existing)
         assert result is True
         assert existing.strategy_setting == TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategySetting.LATEST
         assert existing.upgrade_time_of_day == 5
@@ -93,157 +109,115 @@ class TestChangeStrategy:
 
 
 class TestExcludePlugin:
-    def test_creates_default_strategy_when_none_exists(self):
-        session = _patched_session()
-        session.scalar.return_value = None
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [STRATEGY_MODELS], indirect=True)
+    def test_creates_default_strategy_when_none_exists(self, sqlite_session: Session) -> None:
+        tenant_id = str(uuid4())
 
-        with (
-            patch(f"{MODULE}.select"),
-            patch(f"{MODULE}.TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategy"),
-        ):
-            from services.plugin.plugin_auto_upgrade_service import PluginAutoUpgradeService
-
-            result = PluginAutoUpgradeService.exclude_plugin(
-                "t1",
-                "plugin-1",
-                PLUGIN_CATEGORY,
-                session=session,
-            )
+        result = PluginAutoUpgradeService.exclude_plugin(tenant_id, "plugin-1", PLUGIN_CATEGORY, session=sqlite_session)
 
+        strategy = sqlite_session.scalar(select(TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategy))
         assert result is True
-        session.add.assert_called_once()
+        assert strategy is not None
+        assert strategy.exclude_plugins == ["plugin-1"]
 
-    def test_appends_to_exclude_list_in_exclude_mode(self):
-        session = _patched_session()
-        existing = MagicMock()
-        existing.upgrade_mode = TenantPluginAutoUpgradeMode.EXCLUDE
-        existing.exclude_plugins = ["p-existing"]
-        session.scalar.return_value = existing
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [STRATEGY_MODELS], indirect=True)
+    def test_appends_to_exclude_list_in_exclude_mode(self, sqlite_session: Session) -> None:
+        tenant_id = str(uuid4())
+        existing = _strategy(tenant_id, exclude=["p-existing"])
+        sqlite_session.add(existing)
+        sqlite_session.commit()
 
-        with patch(f"{MODULE}.select"), patch(f"{MODULE}.TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategy") as strat_cls:
-            strat_cls.UpgradeMode.EXCLUDE = "exclude"
-            strat_cls.UpgradeMode.PARTIAL = "partial"
-            strat_cls.UpgradeMode.ALL = "all"
-            from services.plugin.plugin_auto_upgrade_service import PluginAutoUpgradeService
+        PluginAutoUpgradeService.exclude_plugin(tenant_id, "p-new", PLUGIN_CATEGORY, session=sqlite_session)
 
-            result = PluginAutoUpgradeService.exclude_plugin("t1", "p-new", PLUGIN_CATEGORY, session=session)
-
-        assert result is True
+        sqlite_session.refresh(existing)
         assert existing.exclude_plugins == ["p-existing", "p-new"]
 
-    def test_removes_from_include_list_in_partial_mode(self):
-        session = _patched_session()
-        existing = MagicMock()
-        existing.upgrade_mode = TenantPluginAutoUpgradeMode.PARTIAL
-        existing.include_plugins = ["p1", "p2"]
-        session.scalar.return_value = existing
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [STRATEGY_MODELS], indirect=True)
+    def test_removes_from_include_list_in_partial_mode(self, sqlite_session: Session) -> None:
+        tenant_id = str(uuid4())
+        existing = _strategy(tenant_id, mode=TenantPluginAutoUpgradeMode.PARTIAL, include=["p1", "p2"])
+        sqlite_session.add(existing)
+        sqlite_session.commit()
 
-        with patch(f"{MODULE}.select"), patch(f"{MODULE}.TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategy") as strat_cls:
-            strat_cls.UpgradeMode.EXCLUDE = "exclude"
-            strat_cls.UpgradeMode.PARTIAL = "partial"
-            strat_cls.UpgradeMode.ALL = "all"
-            from services.plugin.plugin_auto_upgrade_service import PluginAutoUpgradeService
+        PluginAutoUpgradeService.exclude_plugin(tenant_id, "p1", PLUGIN_CATEGORY, session=sqlite_session)
 
-            result = PluginAutoUpgradeService.exclude_plugin("t1", "p1", PLUGIN_CATEGORY, session=session)
-
-        assert result is True
+        sqlite_session.refresh(existing)
         assert existing.include_plugins == ["p2"]
 
-    def test_switches_to_exclude_mode_from_all(self):
-        session = _patched_session()
-        existing = MagicMock()
-        existing.upgrade_mode = TenantPluginAutoUpgradeMode.ALL
-        session.scalar.return_value = existing
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [STRATEGY_MODELS], indirect=True)
+    def test_switches_to_exclude_mode_from_all(self, sqlite_session: Session) -> None:
+        tenant_id = str(uuid4())
+        existing = _strategy(tenant_id, mode=TenantPluginAutoUpgradeMode.ALL)
+        sqlite_session.add(existing)
+        sqlite_session.commit()
 
-        with patch(f"{MODULE}.select"), patch(f"{MODULE}.TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategy") as strat_cls:
-            strat_cls.UpgradeMode.EXCLUDE = "exclude"
-            strat_cls.UpgradeMode.PARTIAL = "partial"
-            strat_cls.UpgradeMode.ALL = "all"
-            from services.plugin.plugin_auto_upgrade_service import PluginAutoUpgradeService
+        PluginAutoUpgradeService.exclude_plugin(tenant_id, "p1", PLUGIN_CATEGORY, session=sqlite_session)
 
-            result = PluginAutoUpgradeService.exclude_plugin("t1", "p1", PLUGIN_CATEGORY, session=session)
-
-        assert result is True
+        sqlite_session.refresh(existing)
         assert existing.upgrade_mode == TenantPluginAutoUpgradeMode.EXCLUDE
         assert existing.exclude_plugins == ["p1"]
 
-    def test_no_duplicate_in_exclude_list(self):
-        session = _patched_session()
-        existing = MagicMock()
-        existing.upgrade_mode = TenantPluginAutoUpgradeMode.EXCLUDE
-        existing.exclude_plugins = ["p1"]
-        session.scalar.return_value = existing
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [STRATEGY_MODELS], indirect=True)
+    def test_no_duplicate_in_exclude_list(self, sqlite_session: Session) -> None:
+        tenant_id = str(uuid4())
+        existing = _strategy(tenant_id, exclude=["p1"])
+        sqlite_session.add(existing)
+        sqlite_session.commit()
 
-        with patch(f"{MODULE}.select"), patch(f"{MODULE}.TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategy") as strat_cls:
-            strat_cls.UpgradeMode.EXCLUDE = "exclude"
-            strat_cls.UpgradeMode.PARTIAL = "partial"
-            strat_cls.UpgradeMode.ALL = "all"
-            from services.plugin.plugin_auto_upgrade_service import PluginAutoUpgradeService
-
-            PluginAutoUpgradeService.exclude_plugin("t1", "p1", PLUGIN_CATEGORY, session=session)
+        PluginAutoUpgradeService.exclude_plugin(tenant_id, "p1", PLUGIN_CATEGORY, session=sqlite_session)
 
+        sqlite_session.refresh(existing)
         assert existing.exclude_plugins == ["p1"]
 
 
 class TestBackfillStrategyCategories:
-    def test_creates_default_missing_categories_without_fetching_daemon(self):
-        session = _patched_session()
-        tool_strategy = SimpleNamespace(
-            category=TenantPluginAutoUpgradeCategory.TOOL,
-            strategy_setting=TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategySetting.FIX_ONLY,
-            upgrade_time_of_day=0,
-            upgrade_mode=TenantPluginAutoUpgradeMode.EXCLUDE,
-            exclude_plugins=[],
-            include_plugins=[],
-        )
-        session.scalars.return_value.all.return_value = [tool_strategy]
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [STRATEGY_MODELS], indirect=True)
+    def test_creates_default_missing_categories_without_fetching_daemon(self, sqlite_session: Session) -> None:
+        tenant_id = str(uuid4())
+        tool_strategy = _strategy(tenant_id)
+        sqlite_session.add(tool_strategy)
+        sqlite_session.commit()
         installer = MagicMock()
 
         with patch(f"{MODULE}.PluginInstaller", return_value=installer):
-            from services.plugin.plugin_auto_upgrade_service import PluginAutoUpgradeService
-
-            result = PluginAutoUpgradeService.backfill_strategy_categories("t1", session=session)
-            expected_time = PluginAutoUpgradeService.default_upgrade_time_of_day("t1")
+            result = PluginAutoUpgradeService.backfill_strategy_categories(tenant_id, session=sqlite_session)
+            expected_time = PluginAutoUpgradeService.default_upgrade_time_of_day(tenant_id)
 
+        strategies = list(sqlite_session.scalars(select(TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategy)).all())
         assert result.created_count == len(TenantPluginAutoUpgradeCategory) - 1
         assert result.normalized is False
         installer.list_plugins.assert_not_called()
+        assert len(strategies) == len(TenantPluginAutoUpgradeCategory)
         assert tool_strategy.upgrade_time_of_day == expected_time
-        created_strategies = [call.args[0] for call in session.add.call_args_list]
         model_strategy = next(
-            strategy for strategy in created_strategies if strategy.category == TenantPluginAutoUpgradeCategory.MODEL
+            strategy for strategy in strategies if strategy.category == TenantPluginAutoUpgradeCategory.MODEL
         )
         assert model_strategy.strategy_setting == TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategySetting.LATEST
         assert model_strategy.upgrade_time_of_day == expected_time
 
-    def test_default_upgrade_time_is_aligned_to_fifteen_minutes(self):
-        from services.plugin.plugin_auto_upgrade_service import PluginAutoUpgradeService
-
-        default_time = PluginAutoUpgradeService.default_upgrade_time_of_day("t1")
-
+    def test_default_upgrade_time_is_aligned_to_fifteen_minutes(self) -> None:
+        default_time = PluginAutoUpgradeService.default_upgrade_time_of_day(str(uuid4()))
         assert default_time % (15 * 60) == 0
         assert 0 <= default_time < 24 * 60 * 60
 
-    def test_creates_missing_categories_and_splits_known_plugins(self, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture):
-        session = _patched_session()
-        tool_strategy = SimpleNamespace(
-            category=TenantPluginAutoUpgradeCategory.TOOL,
-            strategy_setting=TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategySetting.FIX_ONLY,
-            upgrade_time_of_day=0,
-            upgrade_mode=TenantPluginAutoUpgradeMode.EXCLUDE,
-            exclude_plugins=["tool-plugin", "model-plugin", "unknown-plugin"],
-            include_plugins=["model-plugin", "tool-plugin"],
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [STRATEGY_MODELS], indirect=True)
+    def test_creates_missing_categories_and_splits_known_plugins(
+        self, sqlite_session: Session, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+    ) -> None:
+        tenant_id = str(uuid4())
+        tool_strategy = _strategy(
+            tenant_id,
+            exclude=["tool-plugin", "model-plugin", "unknown-plugin"],
+            include=["model-plugin", "tool-plugin"],
         )
-        model_strategy = SimpleNamespace(
+        model_strategy = _strategy(
+            tenant_id,
             category=TenantPluginAutoUpgradeCategory.MODEL,
-            strategy_setting=TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategySetting.FIX_ONLY,
-            upgrade_time_of_day=0,
-            upgrade_mode=TenantPluginAutoUpgradeMode.EXCLUDE,
-            exclude_plugins=["tool-plugin", "model-plugin", "unknown-plugin"],
-            include_plugins=["model-plugin", "tool-plugin"],
+            exclude=["tool-plugin", "model-plugin", "unknown-plugin"],
+            include=["model-plugin", "tool-plugin"],
         )
-        session.scalars.return_value.all.return_value = [tool_strategy, model_strategy]
-
+        sqlite_session.add_all([tool_strategy, model_strategy])
+        sqlite_session.commit()
         installed_plugins = [
             SimpleNamespace(
                 plugin_id="tool-plugin",
@@ -261,18 +235,17 @@ class TestBackfillStrategyCategories:
             patch(f"{MODULE}.PluginInstaller", return_value=installer),
             caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger=MODULE),
         ):
-            from services.plugin.plugin_auto_upgrade_service import PluginAutoUpgradeService
-
-            result = PluginAutoUpgradeService.backfill_strategy_categories("t1", session=session)
+            result = PluginAutoUpgradeService.backfill_strategy_categories(tenant_id, session=sqlite_session)
 
+        strategies = list(sqlite_session.scalars(select(TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategy)).all())
         assert result.created_count == len(TenantPluginAutoUpgradeCategory) - 2
         assert result.normalized is True
-        assert session.add.call_count == len(TenantPluginAutoUpgradeCategory) - 2
+        assert len(strategies) == len(TenantPluginAutoUpgradeCategory)
         assert tool_strategy.exclude_plugins == ["tool-plugin"]
         assert tool_strategy.include_plugins == ["tool-plugin"]
         assert model_strategy.exclude_plugins == ["model-plugin"]
         assert model_strategy.include_plugins == ["model-plugin"]
         assert (
             "Skipped unknown plugin IDs while backfilling plugin auto-upgrade strategies: "
-            "tenant_id=t1, field=exclude_plugins, plugin_ids=['unknown-plugin']" in caplog.messages
+            f"tenant_id={tenant_id}, field=exclude_plugins, plugin_ids=['unknown-plugin']" in caplog.messages
         )

api/tests/unit_tests/services/plugin/test_plugin_service.py

@@ -7,28 +7,19 @@ import pytest
 import zstandard
 from pydantic import TypeAdapter
 from redis import RedisError
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
+from core.helper.model_provider_cache import ProviderCredentialsCacheType
 from core.plugin.entities.plugin import PluginCategory, PluginInstallationSource
 from core.plugin.entities.plugin_daemon import PluginInstallTask, PluginInstallTaskStatus, PluginModelProviderEntity
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.common_entities import I18nObject
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.provider_entities import ConfigurateMethod, ProviderEntity
+from models.provider import Provider, ProviderCredential, ProviderType, TenantPreferredModelProvider
 
 MODULE = "core.plugin.plugin_service"
-
-
-class _FakeSession:
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self.execute = Mock()
-        self.scalars = Mock(return_value=SimpleNamespace(all=Mock(return_value=[])))
-
-    def __enter__(self) -> "_FakeSession":
-        return self
-
-    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, traceback) -> None:
-        return None
-
-    def begin(self) -> "_FakeSession":
-        return self
+TENANT_ID = "11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111"
+OTHER_TENANT_ID = "22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222"
+USER_ID = "33333333-3333-3333-3333-333333333333"
 
 
 def _build_provider_entity(provider: str = "openai") -> ProviderEntity:
@@ -246,6 +237,26 @@ class TestPluginModelProviderCache:
             call([cache_key]),
         ]
 
+    def test_fetch_plugin_model_providers_bypasses_redis_when_cache_disabled(self) -> None:
+        """With the cache disabled the daemon is the only source, and Redis is never touched."""
+        with patch(f"{MODULE}.redis_client") as redis_client, patch(f"{MODULE}.dify_config") as config:
+            config.PLUGIN_MODEL_PROVIDERS_CACHE_ENABLED = False
+            client = Mock()
+            client.fetch_model_providers.return_value = [_build_plugin_model_provider()]
+
+            from core.plugin.plugin_service import PluginService
+
+            first = PluginService.fetch_plugin_model_providers(tenant_id="tenant-1", client=client)
+            second = PluginService.fetch_plugin_model_providers(tenant_id="tenant-1", client=client)
+
+        assert [provider.provider for provider in first] == ["langgenius/openai/openai"]
+        assert [provider.provider for provider in second] == ["langgenius/openai/openai"]
+        assert client.fetch_model_providers.call_count == 2
+        redis_client.get.assert_not_called()
+        redis_client.mget.assert_not_called()
+        redis_client.setex.assert_not_called()
+        redis_client.lock.assert_not_called()
+
     def test_fetch_plugin_model_providers_refetches_when_cache_read_fails(self) -> None:
         """Redis read failures do not block provider discovery for the tenant."""
         with patch(f"{MODULE}.redis_client") as redis_client:
@@ -806,105 +817,7 @@ class TestPluginListEndpointCounts:
         assert tool_plugin.endpoints_active == 0
 
 
-class TestPluginCategoryList:
-    def test_list_by_category_forwards_search_and_tag_filters(self) -> None:
-        plugins = SimpleNamespace(list=[], has_more=False)
-
-        with patch(f"{MODULE}.PluginInstaller") as installer_cls:
-            installer_cls.return_value.list_plugins_by_category.return_value = plugins
-
-            from core.plugin.plugin_service import PluginService
-
-            result = PluginService.list_by_category(
-                "tenant-1",
-                PluginCategory.Tool,
-                2,
-                25,
-                query="weather",
-                tags=["search", "rag"],
-                language="zh_Hans",
-            )
-
-        assert result is plugins
-        installer_cls.return_value.list_plugins_by_category.assert_called_once_with(
-            "tenant-1",
-            PluginCategory.Tool,
-            2,
-            25,
-            query="weather",
-            tags=["search", "rag"],
-            language="zh_Hans",
-        )
-
-    def test_filtered_model_category_does_not_reconcile_from_a_partial_result(self) -> None:
-        plugins = SimpleNamespace(list=[], has_more=False)
-
-        with (
-            patch(f"{MODULE}.PluginInstaller") as installer_cls,
-            patch(f"{MODULE}.PluginService.invalidate_plugin_model_providers_cache") as invalidate_cache,
-            patch(f"{MODULE}.PluginService._store_cached_remote_model_plugin_marker") as store_marker,
-        ):
-            installer_cls.return_value.list_plugins_by_category.return_value = plugins
-
-            from core.plugin.plugin_service import PluginService
-
-            result = PluginService.list_by_category(
-                "tenant-1",
-                PluginCategory.Model,
-                1,
-                100,
-                query="openai",
-                tags=[],
-                language="en_US",
-            )
-
-        assert result is plugins
-        invalidate_cache.assert_not_called()
-        store_marker.assert_not_called()
-
-
-class TestInstalledPluginIds:
-    def test_list_installed_plugin_ids_uses_lightweight_daemon_endpoint(self) -> None:
-        with patch(f"{MODULE}.PluginInstaller") as installer_cls:
-            installer_cls.return_value.list_installed_plugin_ids.return_value = [
-                "langgenius/openai",
-                "langgenius/anthropic",
-            ]
-
-            from core.plugin.plugin_service import PluginService
-
-            result = PluginService.list_installed_plugin_ids("tenant-1", PluginCategory.Tool)
-
-        assert result == ["langgenius/openai", "langgenius/anthropic"]
-        installer_cls.return_value.list_installed_plugin_ids.assert_called_once_with("tenant-1", PluginCategory.Tool)
-
-
 class TestPluginModelProviderCacheInvalidation:
-    def test_list_model_provider_bindings_reconciles_remote_provider_cache(self) -> None:
-        """The summary binding read owns the remote marker once the full category list leaves the first-load path."""
-        remote_binding = _build_remote_model_plugin()
-        client = MagicMock()
-        client.fetch_model_provider_bindings.return_value = [remote_binding]
-        remote_plugin_marker = "langgenius/debug-model:langgenius/debug-model:1.0.0"
-
-        with (
-            patch(
-                f"{MODULE}.PluginService._should_invalidate_model_provider_cache_for_remote_model_plugins",
-                return_value=True,
-            ) as should_invalidate,
-            patch(f"{MODULE}.PluginService.invalidate_plugin_model_providers_cache") as invalidate_cache,
-            patch(f"{MODULE}.PluginService._store_cached_remote_model_plugin_marker") as store_marker,
-        ):
-            from core.plugin.plugin_service import PluginService
-
-            result = PluginService.list_model_provider_bindings("tenant-1", client=client)
-
-        assert result == [remote_binding]
-        client.fetch_model_provider_bindings.assert_called_once_with("tenant-1")
-        should_invalidate.assert_called_once_with("tenant-1", [remote_binding])
-        invalidate_cache.assert_called_once_with("tenant-1")
-        store_marker.assert_called_once_with("tenant-1", remote_plugin_marker)
-
     def test_get_debugging_key_does_not_invalidate_model_provider_cache(self) -> None:
         """Reading a debug key does not mean a debug runtime has registered a model provider."""
         with (
@@ -948,13 +861,7 @@ class TestPluginModelProviderCacheInvalidation:
 
         assert result is plugins
         installer_cls.return_value.list_plugins_by_category.assert_called_once_with(
-            "tenant-1",
-            PluginCategory.Model,
-            1,
-            100,
-            query="",
-            tags=(),
-            language="en_US",
+            "tenant-1", PluginCategory.Model, 1, 100
         )
         invalidate_cache.assert_called_once_with("tenant-1")
         store_marker.assert_called_once_with("tenant-1", remote_plugin_marker)
@@ -1021,42 +928,14 @@ class TestPluginModelProviderCacheInvalidation:
         invalidate_cache.assert_not_called()
         store_marker.assert_called_once_with("tenant-1", remote_plugin_marker)
 
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize(("page", "has_more"), [(1, True), (2, False)])
-    def test_list_model_category_does_not_reconcile_partial_page(self, page: int, has_more: bool) -> None:
-        """Only an unfiltered, complete first page may write the remote model marker."""
+    def test_list_model_category_invalidates_when_remote_model_plugin_disconnects(self) -> None:
+        """The current model category result clears provider cache when the previous debug model disappears."""
         installed_plugin = SimpleNamespace(
             plugin_id="langgenius/openai",
             plugin_unique_identifier="langgenius/openai:1.0.0",
             source=PluginInstallationSource.Marketplace,
         )
-        plugins = SimpleNamespace(list=[installed_plugin], has_more=has_more)
-
-        with (
-            patch(f"{MODULE}.PluginInstaller") as installer_cls,
-            patch(
-                f"{MODULE}.PluginService._load_cached_remote_model_plugin_marker",
-                return_value="langgenius/debug-model:langgenius/debug-model:1.0.0",
-            ),
-            patch(f"{MODULE}.PluginService.invalidate_plugin_model_providers_cache") as invalidate_cache,
-            patch(f"{MODULE}.PluginService._store_cached_remote_model_plugin_marker") as store_marker,
-        ):
-            installer_cls.return_value.list_plugins_by_category.return_value = plugins
-
-            from core.plugin.plugin_service import PluginService
-
-            result = PluginService.list_by_category("tenant-1", PluginCategory.Model, page, 100)
-
-        assert result is plugins
-        invalidate_cache.assert_not_called()
-        store_marker.assert_not_called()
-
-    def test_list_model_category_complete_first_page_reconciles_remote_plugin_disconnect(self) -> None:
-        installed_plugin = SimpleNamespace(
-            plugin_id="langgenius/openai",
-            plugin_unique_identifier="langgenius/openai:1.0.0",
-            source=PluginInstallationSource.Marketplace,
-        )
-        plugins = SimpleNamespace(list=[installed_plugin], has_more=False)
+        plugins = SimpleNamespace(list=[installed_plugin], has_more=True)
 
         with (
             patch(f"{MODULE}.PluginInstaller") as installer_cls,
@@ -1278,19 +1157,72 @@ class TestPluginModelProviderCacheInvalidation:
         assert result is True
         invalidate_cache.assert_called_once_with("tenant-1")
 
-    def test_uninstall_existing_plugin_invalidates_cache_after_credential_cleanup(self) -> None:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "sqlite_session", [(Provider, ProviderCredential, TenantPreferredModelProvider)], indirect=True
+    )
+    def test_uninstall_existing_plugin_invalidates_cache_after_credential_cleanup(
+        self, sqlite_session: Session
+    ) -> None:
         """Successful uninstall with plugin metadata also invalidates the mutated tenant provider cache."""
+        plugin_id = "langgenius/openai"
+        provider_name = f"{plugin_id}/openai"
         plugin = SimpleNamespace(
             installation_id="installation-1",
-            plugin_id="langgenius/openai",
+            plugin_id=plugin_id,
             plugin_unique_identifier="langgenius/openai:1.0.0",
         )
-        session = _FakeSession()
+        credential = ProviderCredential(
+            tenant_id=TENANT_ID,
+            provider_name=provider_name,
+            credential_name="Target credential",
+            encrypted_config="{}",
+            user_id=USER_ID,
+        )
+        other_credential = ProviderCredential(
+            tenant_id=OTHER_TENANT_ID,
+            provider_name=provider_name,
+            credential_name="Other credential",
+            encrypted_config="{}",
+            user_id=USER_ID,
+        )
+        sqlite_session.add_all([credential, other_credential])
+        sqlite_session.flush()
+        provider = Provider(
+            tenant_id=TENANT_ID,
+            provider_name=provider_name,
+            provider_type=ProviderType.CUSTOM,
+            credential_id=credential.id,
+        )
+        other_provider = Provider(
+            tenant_id=OTHER_TENANT_ID,
+            provider_name=provider_name,
+            provider_type=ProviderType.CUSTOM,
+            credential_id=other_credential.id,
+        )
+        preferred_provider = TenantPreferredModelProvider(
+            tenant_id=TENANT_ID,
+            provider_name=provider_name,
+            preferred_provider_type=ProviderType.CUSTOM,
+        )
+        other_preferred_provider = TenantPreferredModelProvider(
+            tenant_id=OTHER_TENANT_ID,
+            provider_name=provider_name,
+            preferred_provider_type=ProviderType.CUSTOM,
+        )
+        sqlite_session.add_all([provider, other_provider, preferred_provider, other_preferred_provider])
+        sqlite_session.commit()
+        credential_id = credential.id
+        other_credential_id = other_credential.id
+        provider_id = provider.id
+        other_provider_id = other_provider.id
+        preferred_provider_id = preferred_provider.id
+        other_preferred_provider_id = other_preferred_provider.id
+
         with (
-            patch(f"{MODULE}.db", SimpleNamespace(engine=object())),
+            patch(f"{MODULE}.db", SimpleNamespace(engine=sqlite_session.get_bind())),
             patch(f"{MODULE}.dify_config") as mock_config,
             patch(f"{MODULE}.PluginInstaller") as installer_cls,
-            patch(f"{MODULE}.Session", return_value=session),
+            patch(f"{MODULE}.ProviderCredentialsCache") as credentials_cache,
             patch(f"{MODULE}.PluginService.invalidate_plugin_model_providers_cache") as invalidate_cache,
         ):
             mock_config.ENTERPRISE_ENABLED = False
@@ -1300,8 +1232,26 @@ class TestPluginModelProviderCacheInvalidation:
 
             from core.plugin.plugin_service import PluginService
 
-            result = PluginService.uninstall("tenant-1", "installation-1")
+            result = PluginService.uninstall(TENANT_ID, "installation-1")
 
         assert result is True
-        installer.uninstall.assert_called_once_with("tenant-1", "installation-1")
-        invalidate_cache.assert_called_once_with("tenant-1")
+        installer.uninstall.assert_called_once_with(TENANT_ID, "installation-1")
+        invalidate_cache.assert_called_once_with(TENANT_ID)
+        credentials_cache.assert_called_once_with(
+            tenant_id=TENANT_ID,
+            identity_id=provider_id,
+            cache_type=ProviderCredentialsCacheType.PROVIDER,
+        )
+        credentials_cache.return_value.delete.assert_called_once_with()
+
+        sqlite_session.expunge_all()
+        assert sqlite_session.get(ProviderCredential, credential_id) is None
+        persisted_provider = sqlite_session.get(Provider, provider_id)
+        assert persisted_provider is not None
+        assert persisted_provider.credential_id is None
+        assert sqlite_session.get(TenantPreferredModelProvider, preferred_provider_id) is None
+        assert sqlite_session.get(ProviderCredential, other_credential_id) is not None
+        persisted_other_provider = sqlite_session.get(Provider, other_provider_id)
+        assert persisted_other_provider is not None
+        assert persisted_other_provider.credential_id == other_credential_id
+        assert sqlite_session.get(TenantPreferredModelProvider, other_preferred_provider_id) is not None

api/tests/unit_tests/services/plugin/test_plugin_service_installation.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ verification, marketplace upgrade flows, and uninstall with credential cleanup.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Iterator
+from typing import cast
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 from uuid import uuid4
 
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 from core.plugin.entities.plugin import PluginInstallationSource
 from core.plugin.entities.plugin_daemon import PluginVerification
 from core.plugin.plugin_service import PluginService
-from enums.deployment_edition import DeploymentEdition
 from models import ProviderType
 from models.engine import db
 from models.provider import Provider, ProviderCredential, TenantPreferredModelProvider
@@ -27,20 +27,16 @@ from services.errors.plugin import PluginInstallationForbiddenError
 from services.feature_service import (
     PluginInstallationPermissionModel,
     PluginInstallationScope,
-    SystemFeatureModel,
 )
 
 
-def _make_features(
+def _make_permission(
     restrict_to_marketplace: bool = False,
     scope: PluginInstallationScope = PluginInstallationScope.ALL,
-) -> SystemFeatureModel:
-    return SystemFeatureModel(
-        deployment_edition=DeploymentEdition.COMMUNITY,
-        plugin_installation_permission=PluginInstallationPermissionModel(
-            restrict_to_marketplace_only=restrict_to_marketplace,
-            plugin_installation_scope=scope,
-        ),
+) -> PluginInstallationPermissionModel:
+    return PluginInstallationPermissionModel(
+        restrict_to_marketplace_only=restrict_to_marketplace,
+        plugin_installation_scope=scope,
     )
 
 
@@ -119,22 +115,31 @@ class TestFetchLatestPluginVersion:
 class TestCheckMarketplaceOnlyPermission:
     @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.FeatureService")
     def test_raises_when_restricted(self, mock_fs):
-        mock_fs.get_system_features.return_value = _make_features(restrict_to_marketplace=True)
+        mock_fs.get_plugin_installation_permission.return_value = _make_permission(restrict_to_marketplace=True)
 
         with pytest.raises(PluginInstallationForbiddenError):
             PluginService._check_marketplace_only_permission()
 
     @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.FeatureService")
     def test_passes_when_not_restricted(self, mock_fs):
-        mock_fs.get_system_features.return_value = _make_features(restrict_to_marketplace=False)
+        mock_fs.get_plugin_installation_permission.return_value = _make_permission(restrict_to_marketplace=False)
 
         PluginService._check_marketplace_only_permission()  # should not raise
 
+    @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.FeatureService")
+    def test_raises_when_scope_denies_all(self, mock_fs):
+        mock_fs.get_plugin_installation_permission.return_value = _make_permission(scope=PluginInstallationScope.NONE)
+
+        with pytest.raises(PluginInstallationForbiddenError, match="not allowed"):
+            PluginService._check_marketplace_only_permission()
+
 
 class TestCheckPluginInstallationScope:
     @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.FeatureService")
     def test_official_only_allows_langgenius(self, mock_fs):
-        mock_fs.get_system_features.return_value = _make_features(scope=PluginInstallationScope.OFFICIAL_ONLY)
+        mock_fs.get_plugin_installation_permission.return_value = _make_permission(
+            scope=PluginInstallationScope.OFFICIAL_ONLY
+        )
         verification = MagicMock()
         verification.authorized_category = PluginVerification.AuthorizedCategory.Langgenius
 
@@ -142,14 +147,16 @@ class TestCheckPluginInstallationScope:
 
     @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.FeatureService")
     def test_official_only_rejects_third_party(self, mock_fs):
-        mock_fs.get_system_features.return_value = _make_features(scope=PluginInstallationScope.OFFICIAL_ONLY)
+        mock_fs.get_plugin_installation_permission.return_value = _make_permission(
+            scope=PluginInstallationScope.OFFICIAL_ONLY
+        )
 
         with pytest.raises(PluginInstallationForbiddenError):
             PluginService._check_plugin_installation_scope(None)
 
     @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.FeatureService")
     def test_official_and_partners_allows_partner(self, mock_fs):
-        mock_fs.get_system_features.return_value = _make_features(
+        mock_fs.get_plugin_installation_permission.return_value = _make_permission(
             scope=PluginInstallationScope.OFFICIAL_AND_SPECIFIC_PARTNERS
         )
         verification = MagicMock()
@@ -159,7 +166,7 @@ class TestCheckPluginInstallationScope:
 
     @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.FeatureService")
     def test_official_and_partners_rejects_none(self, mock_fs):
-        mock_fs.get_system_features.return_value = _make_features(
+        mock_fs.get_plugin_installation_permission.return_value = _make_permission(
             scope=PluginInstallationScope.OFFICIAL_AND_SPECIFIC_PARTNERS
         )
 
@@ -168,7 +175,7 @@ class TestCheckPluginInstallationScope:
 
     @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.FeatureService")
     def test_none_scope_always_raises(self, mock_fs):
-        mock_fs.get_system_features.return_value = _make_features(scope=PluginInstallationScope.NONE)
+        mock_fs.get_plugin_installation_permission.return_value = _make_permission(scope=PluginInstallationScope.NONE)
         verification = MagicMock()
         verification.authorized_category = PluginVerification.AuthorizedCategory.Langgenius
 
@@ -177,10 +184,19 @@ class TestCheckPluginInstallationScope:
 
     @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.FeatureService")
     def test_all_scope_passes_any(self, mock_fs):
-        mock_fs.get_system_features.return_value = _make_features(scope=PluginInstallationScope.ALL)
+        mock_fs.get_plugin_installation_permission.return_value = _make_permission(scope=PluginInstallationScope.ALL)
 
         PluginService._check_plugin_installation_scope(None)  # should not raise
 
+    @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.FeatureService")
+    def test_unknown_scope_always_raises(self, mock_fs):
+        permission = _make_permission()
+        permission.plugin_installation_scope = cast(PluginInstallationScope, "unknown-scope")
+        mock_fs.get_plugin_installation_permission.return_value = permission
+
+        with pytest.raises(PluginInstallationForbiddenError, match="policy is invalid"):
+            PluginService._check_plugin_installation_scope(None)
+
 
 class TestGetPluginIconUrl:
     @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.dify_config")
@@ -248,7 +264,7 @@ class TestUpgradePluginWithMarketplace:
     @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.dify_config")
     def test_skips_download_when_already_installed(self, mock_config, mock_installer_cls, mock_fs, mock_marketplace):
         mock_config.MARKETPLACE_ENABLED = True
-        mock_fs.get_system_features.return_value = _make_features()
+        mock_fs.get_plugin_installation_permission.return_value = _make_permission()
         installer = mock_installer_cls.return_value
         installer.fetch_plugin_manifest.return_value = MagicMock()
         installer.upgrade_plugin.return_value = MagicMock()
@@ -264,7 +280,7 @@ class TestUpgradePluginWithMarketplace:
     @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.dify_config")
     def test_downloads_when_not_installed(self, mock_config, mock_installer_cls, mock_fs, mock_download):
         mock_config.MARKETPLACE_ENABLED = True
-        mock_fs.get_system_features.return_value = _make_features()
+        mock_fs.get_plugin_installation_permission.return_value = _make_permission()
         installer = mock_installer_cls.return_value
         installer.fetch_plugin_manifest.side_effect = RuntimeError("not found")
         mock_download.return_value = b"pkg-bytes"
@@ -283,7 +299,7 @@ class TestUpgradePluginWithGithub:
     @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.FeatureService")
     @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.PluginInstaller")
     def test_checks_marketplace_permission_and_delegates(self, mock_installer_cls: MagicMock, mock_fs: MagicMock):
-        mock_fs.get_system_features.return_value = _make_features()
+        mock_fs.get_plugin_installation_permission.return_value = _make_permission()
         installer = mock_installer_cls.return_value
         installer.upgrade_plugin.return_value = MagicMock()
 
@@ -298,7 +314,7 @@ class TestUploadPkg:
     @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.FeatureService")
     @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.PluginInstaller")
     def test_runs_permission_and_scope_checks(self, mock_installer_cls: MagicMock, mock_fs: MagicMock):
-        mock_fs.get_system_features.return_value = _make_features()
+        mock_fs.get_plugin_installation_permission.return_value = _make_permission()
         upload_resp = MagicMock()
         upload_resp.verification = None
         mock_installer_cls.return_value.upload_pkg.return_value = upload_resp
@@ -322,7 +338,7 @@ class TestInstallFromMarketplacePkg:
     @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.dify_config")
     def test_downloads_when_not_cached(self, mock_config, mock_installer_cls, mock_fs, mock_download):
         mock_config.MARKETPLACE_ENABLED = True
-        mock_fs.get_system_features.return_value = _make_features()
+        mock_fs.get_plugin_installation_permission.return_value = _make_permission()
         installer = mock_installer_cls.return_value
         installer.fetch_plugin_manifest.side_effect = RuntimeError("not found")
         mock_download.return_value = b"pkg"
@@ -344,7 +360,7 @@ class TestInstallFromMarketplacePkg:
     @patch("core.plugin.plugin_service.dify_config")
     def test_uses_cached_when_already_downloaded(self, mock_config, mock_installer_cls: MagicMock, mock_fs: MagicMock):
         mock_config.MARKETPLACE_ENABLED = True
-        mock_fs.get_system_features.return_value = _make_features()
+        mock_fs.get_plugin_installation_permission.return_value = _make_permission()
         installer = mock_installer_cls.return_value
         installer.fetch_plugin_manifest.return_value = MagicMock()
         decode_resp = MagicMock()

api/tests/unit_tests/services/retention/workflow_run/test_restore_archived_workflow_run.py

@@ -10,14 +10,19 @@ import io
 import json
 import logging
 import zipfile
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import datetime
-from unittest.mock import Mock, create_autospec, patch
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
 import pytest
 from pydantic import ValidationError
-from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, MetaData, String, Table
+from sqlalchemy import Column, Engine, Integer, MetaData, String, Table, delete, event, func, select
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.sqlite import insert as sqlite_insert
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, sessionmaker
 
 from libs.archive_storage import ArchiveStorageNotConfiguredError
+from models.enums import CreatorUserRole
 from models.trigger import WorkflowTriggerLog
 from models.workflow import (
     WorkflowAppLog,
@@ -28,6 +33,7 @@ from models.workflow import (
     WorkflowPauseReason,
     WorkflowRun,
 )
+from services.retention.workflow_run import restore_archived_workflow_run as restore_module
 from services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run import (
     SCHEMA_MAPPERS,
     TABLE_MODELS,
@@ -36,24 +42,49 @@ from services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run import (
 )
 
 
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Database:
+    """Explicit SQLite engine, caller session, and real service-owned session factory."""
+
+    engine: Engine
+    session: Session
+    session_maker: sessionmaker[Session]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def database(sqlite_engine: Engine, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> Iterator[Database]:
+    WorkflowRun.metadata.create_all(
+        sqlite_engine,
+        tables=[WorkflowRun.__table__, WorkflowAppLog.__table__, WorkflowArchiveLog.__table__],
+    )
+    session_maker = sessionmaker(bind=sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+    with session_maker() as session:
+        database = Database(engine=sqlite_engine, session=session, session_maker=session_maker)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(restore_module, "db", database)
+        # Production constructs PostgreSQL's equivalent statement; SQLite's
+        # dialect keeps the conflict behavior executable in these tests.
+        monkeypatch.setattr(restore_module, "pg_insert", sqlite_insert)
+        yield database
+
+
 class WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory:
     """
-    Factory for creating test data and mock objects.
+    Factory for creating persisted-model-compatible test data.
 
     Provides reusable methods to create consistent mock objects for testing
     workflow run restore operations.
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def create_workflow_run_mock(
+    def create_workflow_run(
         run_id: str = "run-123",
         tenant_id: str = "tenant-123",
         app_id: str = "app-123",
         created_at: datetime | None = None,
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Mock:
+    ) -> WorkflowRun:
         """
-        Create a mock WorkflowRun object.
+        Create a concrete WorkflowRun object.
 
         Args:
             run_id: Unique identifier for the workflow run
@@ -63,27 +94,44 @@ class WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory:
             **kwargs: Additional attributes to set on the mock
 
         Returns:
-            Mock WorkflowRun object with specified attributes
+            WorkflowRun object with specified attributes
         """
-        run = create_autospec(WorkflowRun, instance=True)
-        run.id = run_id
-        run.tenant_id = tenant_id
-        run.app_id = app_id
-        run.created_at = created_at or datetime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0)
-        for key, value in kwargs.items():
-            setattr(run, key, value)
+        attrs = {
+            "id": run_id,
+            "tenant_id": tenant_id,
+            "app_id": app_id,
+            "workflow_id": "workflow-123",
+            "type": "workflow",
+            "triggered_from": "app-run",
+            "version": "1",
+            "graph": None,
+            "inputs": None,
+            "status": "succeeded",
+            "outputs": "{}",
+            "error": None,
+            "elapsed_time": 0,
+            "total_tokens": 0,
+            "total_steps": 0,
+            "created_by_role": CreatorUserRole.ACCOUNT,
+            "created_by": "user-123",
+            "created_at": created_at or datetime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0),
+            "finished_at": None,
+            "exceptions_count": 0,
+        }
+        attrs.update(kwargs)
+        run = WorkflowRun(**attrs)
         return run
 
     @staticmethod
-    def create_workflow_archive_log_mock(
+    def create_workflow_archive_log(
         run_id: str = "run-123",
         tenant_id: str = "tenant-123",
         app_id: str = "app-123",
         created_at: datetime | None = None,
         **kwargs,
-    ) -> Mock:
+    ) -> WorkflowArchiveLog:
         """
-        Create a mock WorkflowArchiveLog object.
+        Create a concrete WorkflowArchiveLog object.
 
         Args:
             run_id: Unique identifier for the workflow run
@@ -93,16 +141,32 @@ class WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory:
             **kwargs: Additional attributes to set on the mock
 
         Returns:
-            Mock WorkflowArchiveLog object with specified attributes
+            WorkflowArchiveLog object with specified attributes
         """
-        archive_log = create_autospec(WorkflowArchiveLog, instance=True)
-        archive_log.workflow_run_id = run_id
-        archive_log.tenant_id = tenant_id
-        archive_log.app_id = app_id
-        archive_log.run_created_at = created_at or datetime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0)
-        for key, value in kwargs.items():
-            setattr(archive_log, key, value)
-        return archive_log
+        attrs = {
+            "tenant_id": tenant_id,
+            "app_id": app_id,
+            "workflow_id": "workflow-123",
+            "workflow_run_id": run_id,
+            "created_by_role": CreatorUserRole.ACCOUNT,
+            "created_by": "user-123",
+            "log_id": None,
+            "log_created_at": None,
+            "log_created_from": None,
+            "run_version": "1",
+            "run_status": "succeeded",
+            "run_triggered_from": "app-run",
+            "run_error": None,
+            "run_elapsed_time": 0,
+            "run_total_tokens": 0,
+            "run_total_steps": 0,
+            "run_created_at": created_at or datetime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0),
+            "run_finished_at": None,
+            "run_exceptions_count": 0,
+            "trigger_metadata": None,
+        }
+        attrs.update(kwargs)
+        return WorkflowArchiveLog(**attrs)
 
     @staticmethod
     def create_archive_zip_mock(
@@ -137,7 +201,7 @@ class WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory:
                         "app_id": "app-123",
                         "workflow_id": "workflow-123",
                         "type": "workflow",
-                        "triggered_from": "app",
+                        "triggered_from": "app-run",
                         "version": "1",
                         "status": "succeeded",
                         "created_by_role": "account",
@@ -151,7 +215,7 @@ class WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory:
                         "app_id": "app-123",
                         "workflow_id": "workflow-123",
                         "workflow_run_id": "run-123",
-                        "created_from": "app",
+                        "created_from": "service-api",
                         "created_by_role": "account",
                         "created_by": "user-123",
                     },
@@ -161,7 +225,7 @@ class WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory:
                         "app_id": "app-123",
                         "workflow_id": "workflow-123",
                         "workflow_run_id": "run-123",
-                        "created_from": "app",
+                        "created_from": "service-api",
                         "created_by_role": "account",
                         "created_by": "user-123",
                     },
@@ -225,14 +289,10 @@ class TestGetWorkflowRunRepo:
     """Tests for WorkflowRunRestore._get_workflow_run_repo method."""
 
     @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.DifyAPIRepositoryFactory")
-    @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.sessionmaker")
-    @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.db")
-    def test_first_call_creates_repo(self, mock_db, mock_sessionmaker, mock_factory):
+    def test_first_call_creates_repo(self, mock_factory, database: Database):
         """First call should create and cache repository."""
         restore = WorkflowRunRestore()
 
-        mock_session = Mock()
-        mock_sessionmaker.return_value = mock_session
         mock_repo = Mock()
         mock_factory.create_api_workflow_run_repository.return_value = mock_repo
 
@@ -240,8 +300,9 @@ class TestGetWorkflowRunRepo:
 
         assert result is mock_repo
         assert restore.workflow_run_repo is mock_repo
-        mock_sessionmaker.assert_called_once_with(bind=mock_db.engine, expire_on_commit=False)
-        mock_factory.create_api_workflow_run_repository.assert_called_once_with(mock_session)
+        session_maker = mock_factory.create_api_workflow_run_repository.call_args.args[0]
+        assert isinstance(session_maker, sessionmaker)
+        assert session_maker.kw["bind"] is database.engine
 
     def test_cached_repo_returned(self):
         """Subsequent calls should return cached repository."""
@@ -492,47 +553,27 @@ class TestGetModelColumnInfo:
 class TestRestoreTableRecords:
     """Tests for WorkflowRunRestore._restore_table_records method."""
 
-    @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.TABLE_MODELS")
-    def test_unknown_table_returns_zero(self, mock_table_models, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture):
+    def test_unknown_table_returns_zero(self, database: Database, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture):
         """Should return 0 for unknown table."""
         restore = WorkflowRunRestore()
-        mock_table_models.get.return_value = None
-
-        mock_session = Mock()
         records = [{"id": "test"}]
         caplog.set_level(logging.WARNING, logger="services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run")
 
-        result = restore._restore_table_records(mock_session, "unknown_table", records, schema_version="1.0")
+        result = restore._restore_table_records(database.session, "unknown_table", records, schema_version="1.0")
 
         assert result == 0
         assert "Unknown table: unknown_table" in caplog.messages
 
-    def test_empty_records_returns_zero(self):
+    def test_empty_records_returns_zero(self, database: Database):
         """Should return 0 for empty records list."""
         restore = WorkflowRunRestore()
-        mock_session = Mock()
-
-        result = restore._restore_table_records(mock_session, "workflow_runs", [], schema_version="1.0")
+        result = restore._restore_table_records(database.session, "workflow_runs", [], schema_version="1.0")
         assert result == 0
 
-    @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.pg_insert")
-    @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.cast")
-    def test_successful_restore(self, mock_cast, mock_pg_insert):
+    def test_successful_restore(self, database: Database):
         """Should successfully restore records."""
         restore = WorkflowRunRestore()
 
-        # Mock session and execution
-        mock_session = Mock()
-        mock_result = Mock()
-        mock_result.rowcount = 2
-        mock_session.execute.return_value = mock_result
-        mock_cast.return_value = mock_result
-
-        # Mock insert statement
-        mock_stmt = Mock()
-        mock_stmt.on_conflict_do_nothing.return_value = mock_stmt
-        mock_pg_insert.return_value = mock_stmt
-
         records = [
             {
                 "id": "test1",
@@ -540,7 +581,7 @@ class TestRestoreTableRecords:
                 "app_id": "app-123",
                 "workflow_id": "workflow-123",
                 "type": "workflow",
-                "triggered_from": "app",
+                "triggered_from": "app-run",
                 "version": "1",
                 "status": "succeeded",
                 "created_by_role": "account",
@@ -552,7 +593,7 @@ class TestRestoreTableRecords:
                 "app_id": "app-123",
                 "workflow_id": "workflow-123",
                 "type": "workflow",
-                "triggered_from": "app",
+                "triggered_from": "app-run",
                 "version": "1",
                 "status": "succeeded",
                 "created_by_role": "account",
@@ -560,38 +601,20 @@ class TestRestoreTableRecords:
             },
         ]
 
-        result = restore._restore_table_records(mock_session, "workflow_runs", records, schema_version="1.0")
+        result = restore._restore_table_records(database.session, "workflow_runs", records, schema_version="1.0")
 
         assert result == 2
-        mock_session.execute.assert_called_once()
+        assert database.session.scalar(select(func.count(WorkflowRun.id))) == 2
+        assert restore._restore_table_records(database.session, "workflow_runs", records, schema_version="1.0") == 0
 
-    def test_missing_required_columns_raises_error(self):
+    def test_missing_required_columns_raises_error(self, database: Database):
         """Should raise ValueError for missing required columns."""
         restore = WorkflowRunRestore()
 
-        mock_session = Mock()
-        # Use a dedicated mock model to isolate required-column validation behavior.
-        mock_model = Mock()
+        records = [{"id": "test"}]
 
-        # Mock a required column
-        required_column = Mock()
-        required_column.key = "required_field"
-        required_column.nullable = False
-        required_column.default = None
-        required_column.server_default = None
-        required_column.autoincrement = False
-        required_column.type = Mock()
-
-        # Mock the __table__ attribute properly
-        mock_table = Mock()
-        mock_table.columns = [required_column]
-        mock_model.__table__ = mock_table
-
-        records = [{"name": "test"}]  # Missing required 'required_field'
-
-        with patch.dict(TABLE_MODELS, {"test_table": mock_model}):
-            with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Missing required columns for test_table"):
-                restore._restore_table_records(mock_session, "test_table", records, schema_version="1.0")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Missing required columns for workflow_runs"):
+            restore._restore_table_records(database.session, "workflow_runs", records, schema_version="1.0")
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -603,38 +626,38 @@ class TestRestoreFromRun:
     """Tests for WorkflowRunRestore._restore_from_run method."""
 
     @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.get_archive_storage")
-    def test_archive_storage_not_configured(self, mock_get_storage):
+    def test_archive_storage_not_configured(self, mock_get_storage, database: Database):
         """Should handle ArchiveStorageNotConfiguredError."""
         restore = WorkflowRunRestore()
         mock_get_storage.side_effect = ArchiveStorageNotConfiguredError("Storage not configured")
 
-        run = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_run_mock()
+        run = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_run()
 
         with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.click") as mock_click:
-            result = restore._restore_from_run(run, session_maker=lambda: Mock())
+            result = restore._restore_from_run(run, session_maker=database.session_maker)
 
         assert result.success is False
         assert "Storage not configured" in result.error
         assert result.elapsed_time > 0
 
     @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.get_archive_storage")
-    def test_archive_bundle_not_found(self, mock_get_storage):
+    def test_archive_bundle_not_found(self, mock_get_storage, database: Database):
         """Should handle FileNotFoundError when archive bundle is missing."""
         restore = WorkflowRunRestore()
         mock_storage = Mock()
         mock_storage.get_object.side_effect = FileNotFoundError("Bundle not found")
         mock_get_storage.return_value = mock_storage
 
-        run = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_run_mock()
+        run = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_run()
 
         with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.click") as mock_click:
-            result = restore._restore_from_run(run, session_maker=lambda: Mock())
+            result = restore._restore_from_run(run, session_maker=database.session_maker)
 
         assert result.success is False
         assert "Archive bundle not found" in result.error
 
     @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.get_archive_storage")
-    def test_dry_run_mode(self, mock_get_storage):
+    def test_dry_run_mode(self, mock_get_storage, database: Database):
         """Should handle dry run mode correctly."""
         restore = WorkflowRunRestore(dry_run=True)
 
@@ -644,23 +667,16 @@ class TestRestoreFromRun:
         mock_storage.get_object.return_value = archive_data
         mock_get_storage.return_value = mock_storage
 
-        run = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_run_mock()
+        run = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_run()
 
-        # Create a proper mock session with context manager support
-        mock_session = Mock()
-        mock_session.__enter__ = Mock(return_value=mock_session)
-        mock_session.__exit__ = Mock(return_value=None)
-
-        result = restore._restore_from_run(run, session_maker=lambda: mock_session)
+        result = restore._restore_from_run(run, session_maker=database.session_maker)
 
         assert result.success is True
         assert result.restored_counts["workflow_runs"] == 1
         assert result.restored_counts["workflow_app_logs"] == 2
 
     @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.get_archive_storage")
-    @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.pg_insert")
-    @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.cast")
-    def test_successful_restore(self, mock_cast, mock_pg_insert, mock_get_storage):
+    def test_successful_restore(self, mock_get_storage, database: Database):
         """Should successfully restore from archive."""
         restore = WorkflowRunRestore()
 
@@ -670,53 +686,57 @@ class TestRestoreFromRun:
         mock_storage.get_object.return_value = archive_data
         mock_get_storage.return_value = mock_storage
 
-        # Mock session with context manager support
-        mock_session = Mock()
-        mock_session.__enter__ = Mock(return_value=mock_session)
-        mock_session.__exit__ = Mock(return_value=None)
-
-        def session_maker():
-            return mock_session
-
-        # Mock database execution to return integer counts
-        mock_result_workflow_runs = Mock()
-        mock_result_workflow_runs.rowcount = 1
-        mock_result_app_logs = Mock()
-        mock_result_app_logs.rowcount = 2
-
-        # Configure session.execute to return different results based on the table
-        def mock_execute(stmt):
-            if "workflow_runs" in str(stmt):
-                return mock_result_workflow_runs
-            else:
-                return mock_result_app_logs
-
-        mock_session.execute.side_effect = mock_execute
-        mock_cast.return_value = mock_result_workflow_runs
-
-        # Mock insert statement
-        mock_stmt = Mock()
-        mock_stmt.on_conflict_do_nothing.return_value = mock_stmt
-        mock_pg_insert.return_value = mock_stmt
-
-        run = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_run_mock()
+        run = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_run()
+        archive_log = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_archive_log()
+        database.session.add(archive_log)
+        database.session.commit()
 
         # Mock repository methods
         with patch.object(restore, "_get_workflow_run_repo") as mock_get_repo:
             mock_repo = Mock()
+            mock_repo.delete_archive_log_by_run_id.side_effect = lambda session, run_id: session.execute(
+                delete(WorkflowArchiveLog).where(WorkflowArchiveLog.workflow_run_id == run_id)
+            )
             mock_get_repo.return_value = mock_repo
 
             with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.click") as mock_click:
-                result = restore._restore_from_run(run, session_maker=session_maker)
+                result = restore._restore_from_run(run, session_maker=database.session_maker)
 
         assert result.success is True
         assert result.restored_counts["workflow_runs"] == 1
-        assert result.restored_counts["workflow_app_logs"] >= 1  # Just check it's restored
-        mock_session.commit.assert_called_once()
-        mock_repo.delete_archive_log_by_run_id.assert_called_once_with(mock_session, run.id)
+        assert result.restored_counts["workflow_app_logs"] == 2
+        database.session.expire_all()
+        assert database.session.scalar(select(func.count(WorkflowRun.id))) == 1
+        assert database.session.scalar(select(func.count(WorkflowAppLog.id))) == 2
+        assert database.session.scalar(select(func.count(WorkflowArchiveLog.id))) == 0
 
     @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.get_archive_storage")
-    def test_invalid_archive_bundle(self, mock_get_storage):
+    def test_insert_failure_rolls_back_all_tables(self, mock_get_storage, database: Database):
+        """A later table failure must roll back earlier restored rows."""
+        restore = WorkflowRunRestore()
+        mock_storage = Mock()
+        mock_storage.get_object.return_value = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_archive_zip_mock()
+        mock_get_storage.return_value = mock_storage
+        run = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_run()
+
+        def fail_app_log_insert(_connection, _cursor, statement, _parameters, _context, _executemany):
+            if statement.startswith("INSERT INTO workflow_app_logs"):
+                raise RuntimeError("forced app-log insert failure")
+
+        event.listen(database.engine, "before_cursor_execute", fail_app_log_insert)
+        try:
+            with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.click"):
+                result = restore._restore_from_run(run, session_maker=database.session_maker)
+        finally:
+            event.remove(database.engine, "before_cursor_execute", fail_app_log_insert)
+
+        assert result.success is False
+        assert result.error == "forced app-log insert failure"
+        assert database.session.scalar(select(func.count(WorkflowRun.id))) == 0
+        assert database.session.scalar(select(func.count(WorkflowAppLog.id))) == 0
+
+    @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.get_archive_storage")
+    def test_invalid_archive_bundle(self, mock_get_storage, database: Database):
         """Should handle invalid archive bundle."""
         restore = WorkflowRunRestore()
 
@@ -725,22 +745,17 @@ class TestRestoreFromRun:
         mock_storage.get_object.return_value = b"invalid zip data"
         mock_get_storage.return_value = mock_storage
 
-        run = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_run_mock()
-
-        # Create proper mock session
-        mock_session = Mock()
-        mock_session.__enter__ = Mock(return_value=mock_session)
-        mock_session.__exit__ = Mock(return_value=None)
+        run = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_run()
 
         with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.click") as mock_click:
-            result = restore._restore_from_run(run, session_maker=lambda: mock_session)
+            result = restore._restore_from_run(run, session_maker=database.session_maker)
 
         assert result.success is False
         # The error message comes from zipfile.BadZipFile which says "File is not a zip file"
         assert "File is not a zip file" in result.error
 
     @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.get_archive_storage")
-    def test_workflow_archive_log_input(self, mock_get_storage):
+    def test_workflow_archive_log_input(self, mock_get_storage, database: Database):
         """Should handle WorkflowArchiveLog input correctly."""
         restore = WorkflowRunRestore(dry_run=True)
 
@@ -750,14 +765,11 @@ class TestRestoreFromRun:
         mock_storage.get_object.return_value = archive_data
         mock_get_storage.return_value = mock_storage
 
-        archive_log = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_archive_log_mock()
+        archive_log = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_archive_log()
+        database.session.add(archive_log)
+        database.session.commit()
 
-        # Create proper mock session
-        mock_session = Mock()
-        mock_session.__enter__ = Mock(return_value=mock_session)
-        mock_session.__exit__ = Mock(return_value=None)
-
-        result = restore._restore_from_run(archive_log, session_maker=lambda: mock_session)
+        result = restore._restore_from_run(archive_log, session_maker=database.session_maker)
 
         assert result.success is True
         assert result.run_id == archive_log.workflow_run_id
@@ -772,39 +784,29 @@ class TestRestoreFromRun:
 class TestRestoreBatch:
     """Tests for WorkflowRunRestore.restore_batch method."""
 
-    @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.sessionmaker")
-    def test_empty_tenant_ids_returns_empty(self, mock_sessionmaker):
+    def test_empty_tenant_ids_returns_empty(self, database: Database):
         """Should return empty list when tenant_ids is empty list."""
         restore = WorkflowRunRestore()
 
-        # Mock db.engine to avoid SQLAlchemy issues
-        with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.db") as mock_db:
-            mock_db.engine = Mock()
-            result = restore.restore_batch(
-                tenant_ids=[],
-                start_date=datetime(2024, 1, 1),
-                end_date=datetime(2024, 1, 2),
-            )
+        result = restore.restore_batch(
+            tenant_ids=[],
+            start_date=datetime(2024, 1, 1),
+            end_date=datetime(2024, 1, 2),
+        )
 
         assert result == []
 
     @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.ThreadPoolExecutor")
-    def test_successful_batch_restore(self, mock_executor):
+    def test_successful_batch_restore(self, mock_executor, database: Database):
         """Should successfully restore batch of workflow runs."""
         restore = WorkflowRunRestore(workers=2)
 
-        # Mock session that supports context manager protocol
-        mock_session = Mock()
-        mock_session.__enter__ = Mock(return_value=mock_session)
-        mock_session.__exit__ = Mock(return_value=None)
-
-        # Mock session factory that returns context manager sessions
-        mock_session_factory = Mock(return_value=mock_session)
-
         # Mock repository and archive logs
         mock_repo = Mock()
-        archive_log1 = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_archive_log_mock("run-1")
-        archive_log2 = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_archive_log_mock("run-2")
+        archive_log1 = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_archive_log("run-1")
+        archive_log2 = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_archive_log("run-2")
+        database.session.add_all([archive_log1, archive_log2])
+        database.session.commit()
         mock_repo.get_archived_logs_by_time_range.return_value = [archive_log1, archive_log2]
 
         # Mock restore results
@@ -821,38 +823,25 @@ class TestRestoreBatch:
         with patch.object(restore, "_get_workflow_run_repo", return_value=mock_repo):
             with patch.object(restore, "_restore_from_run", side_effect=[result1, result2]):
                 with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.click") as mock_click:
-                    # Mock sessionmaker and db.engine to avoid SQLAlchemy issues
-                    with patch(
-                        "services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.sessionmaker"
-                    ) as mock_sessionmaker:
-                        mock_sessionmaker.return_value = mock_session_factory
-                        with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.db") as mock_db:
-                            mock_db.engine = Mock()
-                            results = restore.restore_batch(
-                                tenant_ids=["tenant-1"],
-                                start_date=datetime(2024, 1, 1),
-                                end_date=datetime(2024, 1, 2),
-                            )
+                    results = restore.restore_batch(
+                        tenant_ids=["tenant-1"],
+                        start_date=datetime(2024, 1, 1),
+                        end_date=datetime(2024, 1, 2),
+                    )
 
         assert len(results) == 2
         assert results[0].run_id == "run-1"
         assert results[1].run_id == "run-2"
 
     @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.ThreadPoolExecutor")
-    def test_dry_run_batch_restore(self, mock_executor):
+    def test_dry_run_batch_restore(self, mock_executor, database: Database):
         """Should handle dry run mode for batch restore."""
         restore = WorkflowRunRestore(dry_run=True)
 
-        # Mock session that supports context manager protocol
-        mock_session = Mock()
-        mock_session.__enter__ = Mock(return_value=mock_session)
-        mock_session.__exit__ = Mock(return_value=None)
-
-        # Mock session factory that returns context manager sessions
-        mock_session_factory = Mock(return_value=mock_session)
-
         mock_repo = Mock()
-        archive_log = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_archive_log_mock()
+        archive_log = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_archive_log()
+        database.session.add(archive_log)
+        database.session.commit()
         mock_repo.get_archived_logs_by_time_range.return_value = [archive_log]
 
         result = RestoreResult(run_id="run-1", tenant_id="tenant-1", success=True, restored_counts={"workflow_runs": 1})
@@ -867,18 +856,11 @@ class TestRestoreBatch:
         with patch.object(restore, "_get_workflow_run_repo", return_value=mock_repo):
             with patch.object(restore, "_restore_from_run", return_value=result):
                 with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.click") as mock_click:
-                    # Mock sessionmaker and db.engine to avoid SQLAlchemy issues
-                    with patch(
-                        "services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.sessionmaker"
-                    ) as mock_sessionmaker:
-                        mock_sessionmaker.return_value = mock_session_factory
-                        with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.db") as mock_db:
-                            mock_db.engine = Mock()
-                            results = restore.restore_batch(
-                                tenant_ids=["tenant-1"],
-                                start_date=datetime(2024, 1, 1),
-                                end_date=datetime(2024, 1, 2),
-                            )
+                    results = restore.restore_batch(
+                        tenant_ids=["tenant-1"],
+                        start_date=datetime(2024, 1, 1),
+                        end_date=datetime(2024, 1, 2),
+                    )
 
         assert len(results) == 1
         assert results[0].success is True
@@ -907,16 +889,14 @@ class TestRestoreByRunId:
         assert "not found" in result.error
         assert result.run_id == "nonexistent-run"
 
-    @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.sessionmaker")
-    def test_successful_restore_by_id(self, mock_sessionmaker):
+    def test_successful_restore_by_id(self, database: Database):
         """Should successfully restore by run ID."""
         restore = WorkflowRunRestore()
 
-        mock_session = Mock()
-        mock_sessionmaker.return_value = mock_session
-
         mock_repo = Mock()
-        archive_log = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_archive_log_mock()
+        archive_log = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_archive_log()
+        database.session.add(archive_log)
+        database.session.commit()
         mock_repo.get_archived_log_by_run_id.return_value = archive_log
 
         result = RestoreResult(run_id="run-1", tenant_id="tenant-1", success=True, restored_counts={})
@@ -924,24 +904,19 @@ class TestRestoreByRunId:
         with patch.object(restore, "_get_workflow_run_repo", return_value=mock_repo):
             with patch.object(restore, "_restore_from_run", return_value=result):
                 with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.click") as mock_click:
-                    # Mock db.engine to avoid SQLAlchemy issues
-                    with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.db") as mock_db:
-                        mock_db.engine = Mock()
-                        actual_result = restore.restore_by_run_id("run-1")
+                    actual_result = restore.restore_by_run_id("run-1")
 
         assert actual_result.success is True
         assert actual_result.run_id == "run-1"
 
-    @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.sessionmaker")
-    def test_dry_run_restore_by_id(self, mock_sessionmaker):
+    def test_dry_run_restore_by_id(self, database: Database):
         """Should handle dry run mode for restore by ID."""
         restore = WorkflowRunRestore(dry_run=True)
 
-        mock_session = Mock()
-        mock_sessionmaker.return_value = mock_session
-
         mock_repo = Mock()
-        archive_log = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_archive_log_mock()
+        archive_log = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_archive_log()
+        database.session.add(archive_log)
+        database.session.commit()
         mock_repo.get_archived_log_by_run_id.return_value = archive_log
 
         result = RestoreResult(run_id="run-1", tenant_id="tenant-1", success=True, restored_counts={"workflow_runs": 1})
@@ -949,10 +924,7 @@ class TestRestoreByRunId:
         with patch.object(restore, "_get_workflow_run_repo", return_value=mock_repo):
             with patch.object(restore, "_restore_from_run", return_value=result):
                 with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.click") as mock_click:
-                    # Mock db.engine to avoid SQLAlchemy issues
-                    with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.db") as mock_db:
-                        mock_db.engine = Mock()
-                        actual_result = restore.restore_by_run_id("run-1")
+                    actual_result = restore.restore_by_run_id("run-1")
 
         assert actual_result.success is True
         assert actual_result.run_id == "run-1"
@@ -1038,8 +1010,7 @@ class TestIntegration:
     """Integration tests combining multiple components."""
 
     @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.get_archive_storage")
-    @patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.ThreadPoolExecutor")
-    def test_full_restore_flow(self, mock_executor, mock_get_storage):
+    def test_full_restore_flow(self, mock_get_storage, database: Database):
         """Test complete restore flow with all components."""
         restore = WorkflowRunRestore(workers=1)
 
@@ -1059,7 +1030,7 @@ class TestIntegration:
                     "app_id": "app-123",
                     "workflow_id": "workflow-123",
                     "type": "workflow",
-                    "triggered_from": "app",
+                    "triggered_from": "app-run",
                     "version": "1",
                     "status": "succeeded",
                     "created_by_role": "account",
@@ -1072,48 +1043,20 @@ class TestIntegration:
         mock_storage.get_object.return_value = archive_data
         mock_get_storage.return_value = mock_storage
 
-        # Mock session that supports context manager protocol
-        mock_session = Mock()
-        mock_session.__enter__ = Mock(return_value=mock_session)
-        mock_session.__exit__ = Mock(return_value=None)
-
-        # Mock session factory that returns context manager sessions
-        mock_session_factory = Mock(return_value=mock_session)
-
-        mock_result = Mock()
-        mock_result.rowcount = 1
-        mock_session.execute.return_value = mock_result
-
         # Mock repository
         mock_repo = Mock()
-        archive_log = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_archive_log_mock()
+        archive_log = WorkflowRunRestoreTestDataFactory.create_workflow_archive_log()
+        database.session.add(archive_log)
+        database.session.commit()
         mock_repo.get_archived_log_by_run_id.return_value = archive_log
-
-        # Mock ThreadPoolExecutor (not actually used in restore_by_run_id but needed for patch)
-        mock_executor_instance = Mock()
-        mock_executor_instance.__enter__ = Mock(return_value=mock_executor_instance)
-        mock_executor_instance.__exit__ = Mock(return_value=None)
-        mock_executor_instance.map = Mock(return_value=[])
-        mock_executor.return_value = mock_executor_instance
+        mock_repo.delete_archive_log_by_run_id.side_effect = lambda session, run_id: session.execute(
+            delete(WorkflowArchiveLog).where(WorkflowArchiveLog.workflow_run_id == run_id)
+        )
 
         with patch.object(restore, "_get_workflow_run_repo", return_value=mock_repo):
-            with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.pg_insert") as mock_insert:
-                mock_stmt = Mock()
-                mock_stmt.on_conflict_do_nothing.return_value = mock_stmt
-                mock_insert.return_value = mock_stmt
-
-                with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.cast") as mock_cast:
-                    mock_cast.return_value = mock_result
-
-                    with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.click") as mock_click:
-                        # Mock sessionmaker and db.engine to avoid SQLAlchemy issues
-                        with patch(
-                            "services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.sessionmaker"
-                        ) as mock_sessionmaker:
-                            mock_sessionmaker.return_value = mock_session_factory
-                            with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.db") as mock_db:
-                                mock_db.engine = Mock()
-                                result = restore.restore_by_run_id("run-123")
+            with patch("services.retention.workflow_run.restore_archived_workflow_run.click"):
+                result = restore.restore_by_run_id("run-123")
 
         assert result.success is True
         assert result.restored_counts.get("workflow_runs") == 1
+        assert database.session.scalar(select(func.count(WorkflowRun.id))) == 1

api/tests/unit_tests/services/test_account_service.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import json
-from collections.abc import Iterator
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 from uuid import UUID
@@ -11,7 +10,6 @@ from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 from configs import dify_config
 from models.account import (
     Account,
-    AccountIntegrate,
     AccountStatus,
     Tenant,
     TenantAccountJoin,
@@ -114,22 +112,6 @@ class TestAccountService:
     - Error conditions and edge cases
     """
 
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def sqlite_session(self, sqlite_engine) -> Iterator[Session]:
-        """SQLite session with the account/workspace tables these service tests touch."""
-        tables = [
-            model.metadata.tables[model.__tablename__]
-            for model in (
-                Account,
-                Tenant,
-                TenantAccountJoin,
-                TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategy,
-            )
-        ]
-        Account.metadata.create_all(sqlite_engine, tables=tables)
-        with Session(sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
-            yield session
-
     @pytest.fixture
     def mock_password_dependencies(self):
         """Mock setup for password-related functions."""
@@ -1264,24 +1246,6 @@ class TestRegisterService:
     - Error conditions and edge cases
     """
 
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def sqlite_session(self, sqlite_engine) -> Iterator[Session]:
-        """SQLite session with the account/workspace tables registration flows touch."""
-        tables = [
-            model.metadata.tables[model.__tablename__]
-            for model in (
-                Account,
-                AccountIntegrate,
-                Tenant,
-                TenantAccountJoin,
-                TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategy,
-                DifySetup,
-            )
-        ]
-        Account.metadata.create_all(sqlite_engine, tables=tables)
-        with Session(sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
-            yield session
-
     @pytest.fixture
     def mock_redis_dependencies(self):
         """Mock setup for Redis-related functions."""

api/tests/unit_tests/services/test_agent_config_service.py

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ def _target(
 ) -> AgentConfigTarget:
     agent_soul = soul or _soul()
     return AgentConfigTarget(
+        tenant_id=TENANT,
         agent_id=AGENT,
         version_id=version_id,
         kind=kind,
@@ -508,7 +509,9 @@ def test_manifest_uses_items_shape_without_download_urls() -> None:
         ),
     )
 
-    manifest = AgentConfigService._manifest_for_target(target)
+    with patch(f"{MODULE}.SkillManagementService") as skill_management_service:
+        skill_management_service.return_value.list_runtime_agent_skills.return_value = []
+        manifest = AgentConfigService._manifest_for_target(target)
 
     assert manifest == {
         "agent_id": AGENT,
@@ -557,7 +560,9 @@ def test_manifest_preserves_missing_config_assets_and_pull_rejects_them() -> Non
     target = _target(kind=AgentConfigVersionKind.DRAFT, writable=False, soul=soul)
     service = AgentConfigService()
 
-    manifest = service._manifest_for_target(target)
+    with patch(f"{MODULE}.SkillManagementService") as skill_management_service:
+        skill_management_service.return_value.list_runtime_agent_skills.return_value = []
+        manifest = service._manifest_for_target(target)
 
     assert manifest["skills"]["items"][0]["is_missing"] is True  # type: ignore[index]
     assert manifest["files"]["items"][0]["is_missing"] is True  # type: ignore[index]
@@ -606,6 +611,44 @@ def test_config_asset_refs_require_file_id_unless_marked_missing() -> None:
         )
 
 
+def test_manifest_appends_published_workspace_skills() -> None:
+    target = _target(
+        kind=AgentConfigVersionKind.DRAFT,
+        writable=False,
+        soul=_soul(
+            config_skills=[
+                AgentConfigSkillRefConfig(name="alpha", description="Alpha skill", file_id="tool-file-1")
+            ]
+        ),
+    )
+
+    with patch(f"{MODULE}.SkillManagementService") as skill_management_service:
+        skill_management_service.return_value.list_runtime_agent_skills.return_value = [
+            {
+                "id": "workspace-skill-id",
+                "name": "beta",
+                "file_id": "tool-file-2",
+                "description": "Beta workspace skill",
+                "size": 123,
+                "hash": "sha256:beta",
+                "mime_type": "application/zip",
+            },
+            {
+                "id": "duplicate",
+                "name": "alpha",
+                "file_id": "tool-file-ignored",
+                "description": "Duplicate workspace skill",
+                "size": 456,
+                "hash": "sha256:ignored",
+                "mime_type": "application/zip",
+            },
+        ]
+        manifest = AgentConfigService._manifest_for_target(target)
+
+    assert [item["name"] for item in manifest["skills"]["items"]] == ["alpha", "beta"]
+    assert manifest["skills"]["items"][1]["file_id"] == "tool-file-2"
+
+
 def test_preview_skill_file_returns_text_preview() -> None:
     service = AgentConfigService()
     target = _target(

api/tests/unit_tests/services/test_app_service.py

@@ -1,19 +1,23 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Callable
+from datetime import datetime
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 from typing import cast
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+from uuid import uuid4
 
 import pytest
+from sqlalchemy import event
 from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import ModelType
 from models import Account
-from models.model import App, AppMode, AppModelConfig
+from models.model import App, AppMode, AppModelConfig, IconType
 from models.workflow import Workflow
 from services.agent.errors import AgentNameConflictError
-from services.app_service import AppService, CreateAppParams
+from services.app_service import AppListParams, AppService, CreateAppParams
 
 
 class TestCreateAppTransactionBoundary:
@@ -236,6 +240,92 @@ class TestOpenapiVisibilityHelpers:
         mock_session.execute.assert_called_once()
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(Account, App, AppModelConfig)], indirect=True)
+def test_get_recent_apps_uses_one_tenant_scoped_projection_query(sqlite_session: Session) -> None:
+    tenant_id = str(uuid4())
+    other_tenant_id = str(uuid4())
+    account = Account(name="Recent Apps Author", email="recent-apps@example.com")
+    sqlite_session.add(account)
+    sqlite_session.flush()
+
+    def create_app(*, name: str, tenant_id: str, updated_at: datetime, mode: AppMode = AppMode.CHAT) -> App:
+        app = App()
+        app.id = str(uuid4())
+        app.tenant_id = tenant_id
+        app.name = name
+        app.description = ""
+        app.mode = mode
+        app.icon_type = IconType.EMOJI
+        app.icon = "🚀"
+        app.icon_background = "#FFFFFF"
+        app.enable_site = False
+        app.enable_api = False
+        app.created_by = account.id
+        app.maintainer = account.id
+        app.created_at = updated_at
+        app.updated_at = updated_at
+        app.use_icon_as_answer_icon = False
+        return app
+
+    newest = create_app(name="Newest", tenant_id=tenant_id, updated_at=datetime(2026, 7, 3))
+    legacy_agent = AppModelConfig(app_id=newest.id)
+    legacy_agent.agent_mode = '{"enabled": true, "strategy": "react"}'
+    newest.app_model_config_id = legacy_agent.id
+    second = create_app(
+        name="Second",
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        updated_at=datetime(2026, 7, 2),
+        mode=AppMode.WORKFLOW,
+    )
+    second.icon_type = None
+    second.icon = None
+    second.icon_background = None
+    second.created_by = None
+    second.maintainer = None
+    channel = create_app(
+        name="Channel",
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        updated_at=datetime(2026, 7, 5),
+        mode=AppMode.CHANNEL,
+    )
+    rag_pipeline = create_app(
+        name="RAG Pipeline",
+        tenant_id=tenant_id,
+        updated_at=datetime(2026, 7, 4),
+        mode=AppMode.RAG_PIPELINE,
+    )
+    oldest = create_app(name="Oldest", tenant_id=tenant_id, updated_at=datetime(2026, 7, 1))
+    foreign = create_app(name="Foreign", tenant_id=other_tenant_id, updated_at=datetime(2026, 7, 4))
+    sqlite_session.add_all([newest, legacy_agent, second, channel, rag_pipeline, oldest, foreign])
+    sqlite_session.commit()
+
+    statements: list[str] = []
+    bind = sqlite_session.get_bind()
+
+    def record_sql(_conn, _cursor, statement, _parameters, _context, _executemany) -> None:
+        statements.append(statement)
+
+    event.listen(bind, "before_cursor_execute", record_sql)
+    try:
+        recent_apps = AppService().get_recent_apps(
+            account.id,
+            tenant_id,
+            AppListParams(limit=2),
+            sqlite_session,
+        )
+    finally:
+        event.remove(bind, "before_cursor_execute", record_sql)
+
+    assert [(app.name, app.mode, app.icon_type, app.author_name, app.maintainer) for app in recent_apps] == [
+        ("Newest", AppMode.CHAT, IconType.EMOJI, "Recent Apps Author", account.id),
+        ("Second", AppMode.WORKFLOW, None, None, None),
+    ]
+    select_statements = [statement for statement in statements if statement.lstrip().upper().startswith("SELECT")]
+    assert len(select_statements) == 1
+    assert "count(" not in select_statements[0].lower()
+    assert "app_model_configs" not in select_statements[0].lower()
+
+
 class TestAppMeta:
     def test_loads_workflow_with_caller_session(self):
         session = MagicMock()

api/tests/unit_tests/services/test_feature_service_plugin_installation_permission.py

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import logging
+
+import pytest
+
+from enums.deployment_edition import DeploymentEdition
+from services import feature_service as feature_service_module
+from services.feature_service import FeatureService, PluginInstallationScope, SystemFeatureModel
+
+
+def test_get_plugin_installation_permission_defaults_to_all_for_non_enterprise(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(feature_service_module.dify_config, "ENTERPRISE_ENABLED", False)
+
+    permission = FeatureService.get_plugin_installation_permission()
+
+    assert permission.plugin_installation_scope is PluginInstallationScope.ALL
+    assert permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only is False
+
+
+def test_get_plugin_installation_permission_parses_enterprise_policy(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(feature_service_module.dify_config, "ENTERPRISE_ENABLED", True)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        feature_service_module.EnterpriseService,
+        "get_info",
+        staticmethod(
+            lambda: {
+                "PluginInstallationPermission": {
+                    "pluginInstallationScope": "official_only",
+                    "restrictToMarketplaceOnly": True,
+                }
+            }
+        ),
+    )
+
+    permission = FeatureService.get_plugin_installation_permission()
+
+    assert permission.plugin_installation_scope is PluginInstallationScope.OFFICIAL_ONLY
+    assert permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only is True
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "invalid_permission",
+    [
+        {
+            "pluginInstallationScope": "unknown-scope",
+            "restrictToMarketplaceOnly": False,
+        },
+        {
+            "pluginInstallationScope": "all",
+            "restrictToMarketplaceOnly": "false",
+        },
+    ],
+    ids=["unknown_scope", "non_boolean_marketplace_restriction"],
+)
+def test_invalid_enterprise_policy_denies_all_plugin_installations(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    invalid_permission: dict[str, object],
+) -> None:
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.ERROR, logger="services.feature_service"):
+        permission = FeatureService._resolve_plugin_installation_permission(
+            {"PluginInstallationPermission": invalid_permission}
+        )
+
+    assert permission.plugin_installation_scope is PluginInstallationScope.NONE
+    assert permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only is True
+    assert "denying all plugin installations" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_system_features_exposes_only_validated_plugin_installation_policy(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        feature_service_module.EnterpriseService,
+        "get_info",
+        staticmethod(
+            lambda: {
+                "PluginInstallationPermission": {
+                    "pluginInstallationScope": "unknown-scope",
+                    "restrictToMarketplaceOnly": False,
+                }
+            }
+        ),
+    )
+    features = SystemFeatureModel(deployment_edition=DeploymentEdition.ENTERPRISE)
+
+    FeatureService._fulfill_params_from_enterprise(features)
+
+    assert features.plugin_installation_permission.plugin_installation_scope is PluginInstallationScope.NONE
+    assert features.plugin_installation_permission.restrict_to_marketplace_only is True

api/tests/unit_tests/services/test_file_service.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import base64
 import hashlib
 import os
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
@@ -9,6 +11,8 @@ from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, sessionmaker
 from werkzeug.exceptions import NotFound
 
 from configs import dify_config
+from extensions.storage.storage_type import StorageType
+from models.base import TypeBase
 from models.enums import CreatorUserRole
 from models.model import Account, EndUser, UploadFile
 from services.errors.file import BlockedFileExtensionError, FileTooLargeError, UnsupportedFileTypeError
@@ -17,31 +21,54 @@ from services.file_service import FileService
 
 class TestFileService:
     @pytest.fixture
-    def mock_db_session(self):
-        session = MagicMock(spec=Session)
-        # Mock context manager behavior
-        session.__enter__.return_value = session
-        return session
+    def sqlite_session_maker(self, sqlite_engine: Engine) -> sessionmaker[Session]:
+        TypeBase.metadata.create_all(sqlite_engine, tables=[TypeBase.metadata.tables[UploadFile.__tablename__]])
+        return sessionmaker(bind=sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False)
 
     @pytest.fixture
-    def mock_session_maker(self, mock_db_session):
-        maker = MagicMock(spec=sessionmaker)
-        maker.return_value = mock_db_session
-        return maker
+    def db_session(self, sqlite_session_maker: sessionmaker[Session]) -> Iterator[Session]:
+        with sqlite_session_maker() as session:
+            yield session
 
     @pytest.fixture
-    def file_service(self, mock_session_maker):
-        return FileService(session_factory=mock_session_maker)
+    def file_service(self, sqlite_session_maker: sessionmaker[Session]) -> FileService:
+        return FileService(session_factory=sqlite_session_maker)
 
-    def test_init_with_engine(self):
-        engine = MagicMock(spec=Engine)
-        service = FileService(session_factory=engine)
+    @staticmethod
+    def _persist_upload_file(
+        session: Session,
+        *,
+        file_id: str = "file_id",
+        tenant_id: str = "tenant_id",
+        extension: str = "txt",
+        mime_type: str = "text/plain",
+        key: str = "key",
+    ) -> UploadFile:
+        upload_file = UploadFile(
+            tenant_id=tenant_id,
+            storage_type=StorageType.LOCAL,
+            key=key,
+            name=f"test.{extension}",
+            size=10,
+            extension=extension,
+            mime_type=mime_type,
+            created_by_role=CreatorUserRole.ACCOUNT,
+            created_by="user_id",
+            created_at=datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC),
+            used=False,
+        )
+        upload_file.id = file_id
+        session.add(upload_file)
+        session.commit()
+        return upload_file
+
+    def test_init_with_engine(self, sqlite_engine: Engine):
+        service = FileService(session_factory=sqlite_engine)
         assert isinstance(service._session_maker, sessionmaker)
 
-    def test_init_with_sessionmaker(self):
-        maker = MagicMock(spec=sessionmaker)
-        service = FileService(session_factory=maker)
-        assert service._session_maker == maker
+    def test_init_with_sessionmaker(self, sqlite_session_maker: sessionmaker[Session]):
+        service = FileService(session_factory=sqlite_session_maker)
+        assert service._session_maker == sqlite_session_maker
 
     def test_init_invalid_factory(self):
         with pytest.raises(AssertionError, match="must be a sessionmaker or an Engine."):
@@ -52,11 +79,11 @@ class TestFileService:
     @patch("services.file_service.extract_tenant_id")
     @patch("services.file_service.file_helpers.get_signed_file_url")
     def test_upload_file_success(
-        self, mock_get_url, mock_tenant_id, mock_now, mock_storage, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session
+        self, mock_get_url, mock_tenant_id, mock_now, mock_storage, file_service: FileService, db_session: Session
     ):
         # Setup
         mock_tenant_id.return_value = "tenant_id"
-        mock_now.return_value = "2024-01-01"
+        mock_now.return_value = datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
         mock_get_url.return_value = "http://signed-url"
 
         user = MagicMock(spec=Account)
@@ -81,8 +108,9 @@ class TestFileService:
         assert result.source_url == "http://signed-url"
 
         mock_storage.save.assert_called_once()
-        mock_db_session.add.assert_called_once_with(result)
-        mock_db_session.commit.assert_called_once()
+        persisted = db_session.get(UploadFile, result.id)
+        assert persisted is not None
+        assert persisted.hash == result.hash
 
     def test_upload_file_uses_explicit_resource_tenant(self, file_service: FileService):
         user = MagicMock(spec=Account)
@@ -109,7 +137,7 @@ class TestFileService:
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Filename contains invalid characters"):
             file_service.upload_file(filename="invalid/file.txt", content=b"", mimetype="text/plain", user=MagicMock())
 
-    def test_upload_file_long_filename(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
+    def test_upload_file_long_filename(self, file_service: FileService, db_session: Session):
         # Setup
         long_name = "a" * 210 + ".txt"
         user = MagicMock(spec=Account)
@@ -124,6 +152,7 @@ class TestFileService:
             result = file_service.upload_file(filename=long_name, content=b"test", mimetype="text/plain", user=user)
             assert len(result.name) <= 205  # 200 + . + extension
             assert result.name.endswith(".txt")
+            assert db_session.get(UploadFile, result.id) is not None
 
     def test_upload_file_blocked_extension(self, file_service):
         with patch.object(dify_config, "inner_UPLOAD_FILE_EXTENSION_BLACKLIST", "exe"):
@@ -145,7 +174,7 @@ class TestFileService:
             with pytest.raises(FileTooLargeError):
                 file_service.upload_file(filename="test.jpg", content=content, mimetype="image/jpeg", user=MagicMock())
 
-    def test_upload_file_end_user(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
+    def test_upload_file_end_user(self, file_service: FileService, db_session: Session):
         user = MagicMock(spec=EndUser)
         user.id = "end_user_id"
 
@@ -157,6 +186,7 @@ class TestFileService:
             mock_tenant.return_value = "tenant"
             result = file_service.upload_file(filename="test.txt", content=b"test", mimetype="text/plain", user=user)
             assert result.created_by_role == CreatorUserRole.END_USER
+            assert db_session.get(UploadFile, result.id) is not None
 
     def test_is_file_size_within_limit(self):
         with (
@@ -181,12 +211,8 @@ class TestFileService:
             assert FileService.is_file_size_within_limit(extension="txt", file_size=5 * 1024 * 1024) is True
             assert FileService.is_file_size_within_limit(extension="pdf", file_size=6 * 1024 * 1024) is False
 
-    def test_get_file_base64_success(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        # Setup
-        upload_file = MagicMock(spec=UploadFile)
-        upload_file.id = "file_id"
-        upload_file.key = "test_key"
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = upload_file
+    def test_get_file_base64_success(self, file_service: FileService, db_session: Session):
+        self._persist_upload_file(db_session, key="test_key")
 
         with patch("services.file_service.storage") as mock_storage:
             mock_storage.load_once.return_value = b"test content"
@@ -198,16 +224,17 @@ class TestFileService:
             assert result == base64.b64encode(b"test content").decode()
             mock_storage.load_once.assert_called_once_with("test_key")
 
-    def test_get_file_base64_not_found(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = None
+    def test_get_file_base64_not_found(self, file_service: FileService):
         with pytest.raises(NotFound, match="File not found"):
             file_service.get_file_base64("non_existent")
 
-    def test_get_file_presigned_url_success(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        upload_file = MagicMock(spec=UploadFile)
-        upload_file.key = "upload_files/tenant_id/icon.png"
-        upload_file.mime_type = "image/png"
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = upload_file
+    def test_get_file_presigned_url_success(self, file_service: FileService, db_session: Session):
+        self._persist_upload_file(
+            db_session,
+            extension="png",
+            mime_type="image/png",
+            key="upload_files/tenant_id/icon.png",
+        )
 
         with (
             patch.object(dify_config, "FILES_ACCESS_TIMEOUT", 300),
@@ -224,13 +251,11 @@ class TestFileService:
             content_type="image/png",
         )
 
-    def test_get_file_presigned_url_not_found(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = None
-
+    def test_get_file_presigned_url_not_found(self, file_service: FileService):
         with pytest.raises(NotFound, match="File not found"):
             file_service.get_file_presigned_url(file_id="file_id", tenant_id="tenant_id")
 
-    def test_upload_text_success(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
+    def test_upload_text_success(self, file_service: FileService, db_session: Session):
         # Setup
         text = "sample text"
         text_name = "test.txt"
@@ -249,21 +274,17 @@ class TestFileService:
             assert result.used is True
             assert result.extension == "txt"
             mock_storage.save.assert_called_once()
-            mock_db_session.add.assert_called_once()
-            mock_db_session.commit.assert_called_once()
+            assert db_session.get(UploadFile, result.id) is not None
 
-    def test_upload_text_long_name(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
+    def test_upload_text_long_name(self, file_service: FileService, db_session: Session):
         long_name = "a" * 210
         with patch("services.file_service.storage"):
             result = file_service.upload_text("text", long_name, "user", "tenant")
             assert len(result.name) == 200
+            assert db_session.get(UploadFile, result.id) is not None
 
-    def test_get_file_preview_success(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        # Setup
-        upload_file = MagicMock(spec=UploadFile)
-        upload_file.id = "file_id"
-        upload_file.extension = "pdf"
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = upload_file
+    def test_get_file_preview_success(self, file_service: FileService, db_session: Session):
+        self._persist_upload_file(db_session, extension="pdf", mime_type="application/pdf")
 
         with patch("services.file_service.ExtractProcessor.load_from_upload_file") as mock_extract:
             mock_extract.return_value = "Extracted text content"
@@ -274,27 +295,17 @@ class TestFileService:
             # Assert
             assert result == "Extracted text content"
 
-    def test_get_file_preview_not_found(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = None
+    def test_get_file_preview_not_found(self, file_service: FileService):
         with pytest.raises(NotFound, match="File not found"):
             file_service.get_file_preview("non_existent", "tenant_id")
 
-    def test_get_file_preview_unsupported_type(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        upload_file = MagicMock(spec=UploadFile)
-        upload_file.id = "file_id"
-        upload_file.extension = "exe"
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = upload_file
+    def test_get_file_preview_unsupported_type(self, file_service: FileService, db_session: Session):
+        self._persist_upload_file(db_session, extension="exe", mime_type="application/octet-stream")
         with pytest.raises(UnsupportedFileTypeError):
             file_service.get_file_preview("file_id", "tenant_id")
 
-    def test_get_image_preview_success(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        # Setup
-        upload_file = MagicMock(spec=UploadFile)
-        upload_file.id = "file_id"
-        upload_file.extension = "jpg"
-        upload_file.mime_type = "image/jpeg"
-        upload_file.key = "key"
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = upload_file
+    def test_get_image_preview_success(self, file_service: FileService, db_session: Session):
+        self._persist_upload_file(db_session, extension="jpg", mime_type="image/jpeg")
 
         with (
             patch("services.file_service.file_helpers.verify_image_signature") as mock_verify,
@@ -316,28 +327,21 @@ class TestFileService:
             with pytest.raises(NotFound, match="File not found or signature is invalid"):
                 file_service.get_image_preview("file_id", "ts", "nonce", "sign")
 
-    def test_get_image_preview_not_found(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = None
+    def test_get_image_preview_not_found(self, file_service: FileService):
         with patch("services.file_service.file_helpers.verify_image_signature") as mock_verify:
             mock_verify.return_value = True
             with pytest.raises(NotFound, match="File not found or signature is invalid"):
                 file_service.get_image_preview("file_id", "ts", "nonce", "sign")
 
-    def test_get_image_preview_unsupported_type(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        upload_file = MagicMock(spec=UploadFile)
-        upload_file.id = "file_id"
-        upload_file.extension = "txt"
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = upload_file
+    def test_get_image_preview_unsupported_type(self, file_service: FileService, db_session: Session):
+        self._persist_upload_file(db_session)
         with patch("services.file_service.file_helpers.verify_image_signature") as mock_verify:
             mock_verify.return_value = True
             with pytest.raises(UnsupportedFileTypeError):
                 file_service.get_image_preview("file_id", "ts", "nonce", "sign")
 
-    def test_get_file_generator_by_file_id_success(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        upload_file = MagicMock(spec=UploadFile)
-        upload_file.id = "file_id"
-        upload_file.key = "key"
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = upload_file
+    def test_get_file_generator_by_file_id_success(self, file_service: FileService, db_session: Session):
+        upload_file = self._persist_upload_file(db_session)
 
         with (
             patch("services.file_service.file_helpers.verify_file_signature") as mock_verify,
@@ -348,7 +352,8 @@ class TestFileService:
 
             gen, file = file_service.get_file_generator_by_file_id("file_id", "ts", "nonce", "sign")
             assert list(gen) == [b"chunk"]
-            assert file == upload_file
+            assert file.id == upload_file.id
+            assert file.key == upload_file.key
 
     def test_get_file_generator_by_file_id_invalid_sig(self, file_service):
         with patch("services.file_service.file_helpers.verify_file_signature") as mock_verify:
@@ -356,20 +361,14 @@ class TestFileService:
             with pytest.raises(NotFound, match="File not found or signature is invalid"):
                 file_service.get_file_generator_by_file_id("file_id", "ts", "nonce", "sign")
 
-    def test_get_file_generator_by_file_id_not_found(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = None
+    def test_get_file_generator_by_file_id_not_found(self, file_service: FileService):
         with patch("services.file_service.file_helpers.verify_file_signature") as mock_verify:
             mock_verify.return_value = True
             with pytest.raises(NotFound, match="File not found or signature is invalid"):
                 file_service.get_file_generator_by_file_id("file_id", "ts", "nonce", "sign")
 
-    def test_get_public_image_preview_success(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        upload_file = MagicMock(spec=UploadFile)
-        upload_file.id = "file_id"
-        upload_file.extension = "png"
-        upload_file.mime_type = "image/png"
-        upload_file.key = "key"
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = upload_file
+    def test_get_public_image_preview_success(self, file_service: FileService, db_session: Session):
+        self._persist_upload_file(db_session, extension="png", mime_type="image/png")
 
         with patch("services.file_service.storage") as mock_storage:
             mock_storage.load.return_value = b"image content"
@@ -377,66 +376,56 @@ class TestFileService:
             assert gen == b"image content"
             assert mime == "image/png"
 
-    def test_get_public_image_preview_not_found(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = None
+    def test_get_public_image_preview_not_found(self, file_service: FileService):
         with pytest.raises(NotFound, match="File not found or signature is invalid"):
             file_service.get_public_image_preview("file_id")
 
-    def test_get_public_image_preview_unsupported_type(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        upload_file = MagicMock(spec=UploadFile)
-        upload_file.id = "file_id"
-        upload_file.extension = "txt"
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = upload_file
+    def test_get_public_image_preview_unsupported_type(self, file_service: FileService, db_session: Session):
+        self._persist_upload_file(db_session)
         with pytest.raises(UnsupportedFileTypeError):
             file_service.get_public_image_preview("file_id")
 
-    def test_get_file_content_success(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        upload_file = MagicMock(spec=UploadFile)
-        upload_file.id = "file_id"
-        upload_file.key = "key"
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = upload_file
+    def test_get_file_content_success(self, file_service: FileService, db_session: Session):
+        self._persist_upload_file(db_session)
 
         with patch("services.file_service.storage") as mock_storage:
             mock_storage.load.return_value = b"hello world"
             result = file_service.get_file_content("file_id")
             assert result == "hello world"
 
-    def test_get_file_content_not_found(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = None
+    def test_get_file_content_not_found(self, file_service: FileService):
         with pytest.raises(NotFound, match="File not found"):
             file_service.get_file_content("file_id")
 
-    def test_delete_file_success(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        upload_file = MagicMock(spec=UploadFile)
-        upload_file.id = "file_id"
-        upload_file.key = "key"
-        # For session.scalar(select(...))
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = upload_file
+    def test_delete_file_success(self, file_service: FileService, db_session: Session):
+        self._persist_upload_file(db_session)
 
         with patch("services.file_service.storage") as mock_storage:
             file_service.delete_file("file_id")
             mock_storage.delete.assert_called_once_with("key")
-            mock_db_session.delete.assert_called_once_with(upload_file)
+            db_session.expire_all()
+            assert db_session.get(UploadFile, "file_id") is None
 
-    def test_delete_file_not_found(self, file_service: FileService, mock_db_session):
-        mock_db_session.scalar.return_value = None
+    def test_delete_file_not_found(self, file_service: FileService):
         file_service.delete_file("file_id")
         # Should return without doing anything
 
-    def test_get_upload_files_by_ids_empty(self):
-        session = MagicMock()
-        result = FileService.get_upload_files_by_ids("tenant_id", [], session=session)
+    def test_get_upload_files_by_ids_empty(self, db_session: Session):
+        result = FileService.get_upload_files_by_ids("tenant_id", [], session=db_session)
         assert result == {}
 
-    def test_get_upload_files_by_ids(self):
-        upload_file = MagicMock(spec=UploadFile)
-        upload_file.id = "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000"
-        upload_file.tenant_id = "tenant_id"
-        session = MagicMock()
-        session.scalars().all.return_value = [upload_file]
+    def test_get_upload_files_by_ids(self, db_session: Session):
+        upload_file = self._persist_upload_file(db_session, file_id="550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000")
+        self._persist_upload_file(
+            db_session,
+            file_id="550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440001",
+            tenant_id="other-tenant",
+        )
 
         result = FileService.get_upload_files_by_ids(
-            "tenant_id", ["550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000"], session=session
+            "tenant_id",
+            ["550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000", "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440001"],
+            session=db_session,
         )
         assert result["550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000"] == upload_file
 
@@ -453,10 +442,8 @@ class TestFileService:
         used.add("a (1).txt")
         assert FileService._dedupe_zip_entry_name("a.txt", used) == "a (2).txt"
 
-    def test_build_upload_files_zip_tempfile(self):
-        upload_file = MagicMock(spec=UploadFile)
-        upload_file.name = "test.txt"
-        upload_file.key = "key"
+    def test_build_upload_files_zip_tempfile(self, db_session: Session):
+        upload_file = self._persist_upload_file(db_session)
 
         with (
             patch("services.file_service.storage") as mock_storage,

api/tests/unit_tests/services/test_human_input_service.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import dataclasses
 import logging
-from collections.abc import Iterator
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock
 
@@ -42,14 +41,13 @@ from services.human_input_service import (
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def sqlite_session_factory(sqlite_engine: Engine) -> Iterator[tuple[sessionmaker[Session], Session]]:
-    factory = sessionmaker(bind=sqlite_engine, expire_on_commit=False)
-    with factory() as session:
-        yield factory, session
+def unbound_session_factory() -> sessionmaker[Session]:
+    """Supply the required constructor dependency without enabling database access."""
+    return sessionmaker()
 
 
-def _persist_app(sqlite_session: Session, mode: AppMode) -> App:
-    app = App(
+def _make_app(mode: AppMode) -> App:
+    return App(
         id="app-id",
         tenant_id="tenant-id",
         name="Test App",
@@ -60,9 +58,6 @@ def _persist_app(sqlite_session: Session, mode: AppMode) -> App:
         enable_api=True,
         max_active_requests=0,
     )
-    sqlite_session.add(app)
-    sqlite_session.commit()
-    return app
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -97,14 +92,11 @@ def sample_form_record():
     )
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(App,)], indirect=True)
 def test_enqueue_resume_dispatches_task_for_workflow(
     mocker: MockerFixture,
-    sqlite_session_factory,
-    sqlite_session: Session,
+    sqlite_session_factory: sessionmaker[Session],
 ):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory)
+    service = HumanInputService(sqlite_session_factory)
 
     workflow_run = MagicMock()
     workflow_run.app_id = "app-id"
@@ -116,7 +108,8 @@ def test_enqueue_resume_dispatches_task_for_workflow(
         return_value=workflow_run_repo,
     )
 
-    _persist_app(sqlite_session, AppMode.WORKFLOW)
+    with sqlite_session_factory.begin() as arrange_session:
+        arrange_session.add(_make_app(AppMode.WORKFLOW))
 
     resume_task = mocker.patch("services.human_input_service.resume_app_execution")
 
@@ -128,10 +121,9 @@ def test_enqueue_resume_dispatches_task_for_workflow(
 
 
 def test_ensure_form_active_respects_global_timeout(
-    monkeypatch, sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory
+    monkeypatch, sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory
 ):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory)
     expired_record = dataclasses.replace(
         sample_form_record,
         created_at=naive_utc_now() - timedelta(hours=2),
@@ -143,14 +135,11 @@ def test_ensure_form_active_respects_global_timeout(
         service.ensure_form_active(Form(expired_record))
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(App,)], indirect=True)
 def test_enqueue_resume_dispatches_task_for_advanced_chat(
     mocker: MockerFixture,
-    sqlite_session_factory,
-    sqlite_session: Session,
+    sqlite_session_factory: sessionmaker[Session],
 ):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory)
+    service = HumanInputService(sqlite_session_factory)
 
     workflow_run = MagicMock()
     workflow_run.app_id = "app-id"
@@ -162,7 +151,8 @@ def test_enqueue_resume_dispatches_task_for_advanced_chat(
         return_value=workflow_run_repo,
     )
 
-    _persist_app(sqlite_session, AppMode.ADVANCED_CHAT)
+    with sqlite_session_factory.begin() as arrange_session:
+        arrange_session.add(_make_app(AppMode.ADVANCED_CHAT))
 
     resume_task = mocker.patch("services.human_input_service.resume_app_execution")
 
@@ -173,14 +163,11 @@ def test_enqueue_resume_dispatches_task_for_advanced_chat(
     assert call_kwargs["kwargs"]["payload"]["workflow_run_id"] == "workflow-run-id"
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(App,)], indirect=True)
 def test_enqueue_resume_skips_unsupported_app_mode(
     mocker: MockerFixture,
-    sqlite_session_factory,
-    sqlite_session: Session,
+    sqlite_session_factory: sessionmaker[Session],
 ):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory)
+    service = HumanInputService(sqlite_session_factory)
 
     workflow_run = MagicMock()
     workflow_run.app_id = "app-id"
@@ -192,7 +179,8 @@ def test_enqueue_resume_skips_unsupported_app_mode(
         return_value=workflow_run_repo,
     )
 
-    _persist_app(sqlite_session, AppMode.COMPLETION)
+    with sqlite_session_factory.begin() as arrange_session:
+        arrange_session.add(_make_app(AppMode.COMPLETION))
 
     resume_task = mocker.patch("services.human_input_service.resume_app_execution")
 
@@ -202,14 +190,13 @@ def test_enqueue_resume_skips_unsupported_app_mode(
 
 
 def test_get_form_definition_by_token_for_console_uses_repository(
-    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory
+    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory
 ):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     console_record = dataclasses.replace(sample_form_record, recipient_type=RecipientType.CONSOLE)
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = console_record
 
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
     form = service.get_form_definition_by_token_for_console("token")
 
     repo.get_by_token.assert_called_once_with("token")
@@ -245,9 +232,8 @@ def _build_resumption_context_state(*, options: list[str], workflow_run_id: str)
 
 
 def test_resolve_form_inputs_uses_runtime_select_options(
-    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
+    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
 ):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
     configured_input = SelectInputConfig(
         output_variable_name="decision",
         option_source=StringListSource(
@@ -272,7 +258,7 @@ def test_resolve_form_inputs_uses_runtime_select_options(
         "services.human_input_service.DifyAPIRepositoryFactory.create_api_workflow_run_repository",
         return_value=workflow_run_repo,
     )
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory)
 
     resolved_inputs = service.resolve_form_inputs(Form(record))
 
@@ -284,13 +270,12 @@ def test_resolve_form_inputs_uses_runtime_select_options(
 
 
 def test_submit_form_by_token_calls_repository_and_enqueue(
-    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
+    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
 ):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = sample_form_record
     repo.mark_submitted.return_value = sample_form_record
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
     enqueue_spy = mocker.patch.object(service, "enqueue_resume")
 
     service.submit_form_by_token(
@@ -313,11 +298,10 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_calls_repository_and_enqueue(
 
 
 def test_submit_form_by_token_enqueues_agent_app_resume_for_conversation_form(
-    sample_form_record, sqlite_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
+    sample_form_record, unbound_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
 ):
     # ENG-635: a conversation-owned (Agent v2 chat) form routes to the chat
     # resume, not the workflow resume.
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     conversation_record = dataclasses.replace(
         sample_form_record,
@@ -326,7 +310,7 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_enqueues_agent_app_resume_for_conversation_form(
     )
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = conversation_record
     repo.mark_submitted.return_value = conversation_record
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
     workflow_enqueue_spy = mocker.patch.object(service, "enqueue_resume")
     chat_enqueue_spy = mocker.patch.object(service, "enqueue_agent_app_resume")
 
@@ -343,9 +327,8 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_enqueues_agent_app_resume_for_conversation_form(
 
 
 def test_submit_form_by_token_skips_enqueue_for_delivery_test(
-    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
+    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
 ):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     test_record = dataclasses.replace(
         sample_form_record,
@@ -354,7 +337,7 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_skips_enqueue_for_delivery_test(
     )
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = test_record
     repo.mark_submitted.return_value = test_record
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
     enqueue_spy = mocker.patch.object(service, "enqueue_resume")
 
     service.submit_form_by_token(
@@ -368,13 +351,12 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_skips_enqueue_for_delivery_test(
 
 
 def test_submit_form_by_token_passes_submission_user_id(
-    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
+    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
 ):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = sample_form_record
     repo.mark_submitted.return_value = sample_form_record
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
     enqueue_spy = mocker.patch.object(service, "enqueue_resume")
 
     service.submit_form_by_token(
@@ -391,11 +373,10 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_passes_submission_user_id(
     enqueue_spy.assert_called_once_with(sample_form_record.workflow_run_id)
 
 
-def test_submit_form_by_token_invalid_action(sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
+def test_submit_form_by_token_invalid_action(sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory):
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = dataclasses.replace(sample_form_record)
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
 
     with pytest.raises(InvalidFormDataError) as exc_info:
         service.submit_form_by_token(
@@ -409,8 +390,7 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_invalid_action(sample_form_record: HumanInputFormR
     repo.mark_submitted.assert_not_called()
 
 
-def test_submit_form_by_token_missing_inputs(sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
+def test_submit_form_by_token_missing_inputs(sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory):
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
 
     definition_with_input = FormDefinition(
@@ -422,7 +402,7 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_missing_inputs(sample_form_record: HumanInputFormR
     )
     form_with_input = dataclasses.replace(sample_form_record, definition=definition_with_input)
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = form_with_input
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
 
     with pytest.raises(InvalidFormDataError) as exc_info:
         service.submit_form_by_token(
@@ -436,42 +416,6 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_missing_inputs(sample_form_record: HumanInputFormR
     repo.mark_submitted.assert_not_called()
 
 
-def test_validate_human_input_submission_accepts_select_file_and_file_list(sqlite_session_factory):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory)
-    definition = FormDefinition.model_validate(
-        {
-            "form_content": "Pick one and upload files",
-            "inputs": [
-                {
-                    "type": "select",
-                    "output_variable_name": "decision",
-                    "option_source": {
-                        "type": "constant",
-                        "value": ["approve", "reject"],
-                    },
-                },
-                {
-                    "type": "file",
-                    "output_variable_name": "attachment",
-                    "allowed_file_types": ["document"],
-                    "allowed_file_upload_methods": ["remote_url"],
-                },
-                {
-                    "type": "file-list",
-                    "output_variable_name": "attachments",
-                    "allowed_file_types": ["document"],
-                    "allowed_file_upload_methods": ["remote_url"],
-                    "number_limits": 3,
-                },
-            ],
-            "user_actions": [{"id": "submit", "title": "Submit"}],
-            "rendered_content": "<p>Pick one and upload files</p>",
-            "expiration_time": naive_utc_now() + timedelta(hours=1),
-        }
-    )
-
-
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("input_definition", "submitted_value", "expected_message"),
     [
@@ -522,12 +466,11 @@ def test_validate_human_input_submission_accepts_select_file_and_file_list(sqlit
 )
 def test_validate_human_input_submission_rejects_invalid_select_and_file_payloads(
     sample_form_record,
-    sqlite_session_factory,
+    unbound_session_factory,
     input_definition,
     submitted_value,
     expected_message,
 ):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     definition = FormDefinition.model_validate(
         {
@@ -539,7 +482,7 @@ def test_validate_human_input_submission_rejects_invalid_select_and_file_payload
         }
     )
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = dataclasses.replace(sample_form_record, definition=definition)
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
 
     with pytest.raises(InvalidFormDataError) as exc_info:
         service.submit_form_by_token(
@@ -569,7 +512,7 @@ def test_form_properties(sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord):
 
 def test_form_submitted_error_init():
     error = FormSubmittedError(form_id="test-form")
-    assert "form_id=test-form" in error.description
+    assert error.description == "This form has already been submitted by another user, form_id=test-form"
     assert error.code == 412
 
 
@@ -580,61 +523,55 @@ def test_human_input_service_init_with_engine(sqlite_engine: Engine):
     assert service._session_factory.kw["bind"] is sqlite_engine
 
 
-def test_get_form_by_token_none(sqlite_session_factory):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
+def test_get_form_by_token_none(unbound_session_factory):
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = None
 
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
     assert service.get_form_by_token("invalid") is None
 
 
-def test_get_form_definition_by_token_mismatch(sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
+def test_get_form_definition_by_token_mismatch(sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory):
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = sample_form_record
 
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
     # RecipientType mismatch
     assert service.get_form_definition_by_token(RecipientType.CONSOLE, "token") is None
 
 
-def test_get_form_definition_by_token_success(sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
+def test_get_form_definition_by_token_success(sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory):
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = sample_form_record
 
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
     form = service.get_form_definition_by_token(RecipientType.STANDALONE_WEB_APP, "token")
     assert form is not None
     assert form.id == sample_form_record.form_id
 
 
 def test_get_form_definition_by_token_for_console_mismatch(
-    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory
+    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory
 ):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = sample_form_record  # is STANDALONE_WEB_APP
 
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
     assert service.get_form_definition_by_token_for_console("token") is None
 
 
-def test_submit_form_by_token_delivery_not_enabled(sqlite_session_factory):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
+def test_submit_form_by_token_delivery_not_enabled(unbound_session_factory):
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = None
 
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
     with pytest.raises(human_input_service_module.WebAppDeliveryNotEnabledError):
         service.submit_form_by_token(RecipientType.STANDALONE_WEB_APP, "token", "action", {})
 
 
 def test_submit_form_by_token_no_workflow_run_id(
-    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
+    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
 ):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = sample_form_record
 
@@ -642,16 +579,15 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_no_workflow_run_id(
     result_record = dataclasses.replace(sample_form_record, workflow_run_id=None)
     repo.mark_submitted.return_value = result_record
 
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
     enqueue_spy = mocker.patch.object(service, "enqueue_resume")
 
     service.submit_form_by_token(RecipientType.STANDALONE_WEB_APP, "token", "submit", {})
     enqueue_spy.assert_not_called()
 
 
-def test_ensure_form_active_errors(sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory)
+def test_ensure_form_active_errors(sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory):
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory)
 
     # Submitted
     submitted_record = dataclasses.replace(sample_form_record, submitted_at=naive_utc_now())
@@ -671,18 +607,16 @@ def test_ensure_form_active_errors(sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sql
         service.ensure_form_active(Form(expired_time_record))
 
 
-def test_ensure_not_submitted_raises(sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory)
+def test_ensure_not_submitted_raises(sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory):
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory)
     submitted_record = dataclasses.replace(sample_form_record, submitted_at=naive_utc_now())
 
     with pytest.raises(human_input_service_module.FormSubmittedError):
         service._ensure_not_submitted(Form(submitted_record))
 
 
-def test_enqueue_resume_workflow_not_found(mocker: MockerFixture, sqlite_session_factory):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory)
+def test_enqueue_resume_workflow_not_found(mocker: MockerFixture, unbound_session_factory):
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory)
 
     workflow_run_repo = MagicMock()
     workflow_run_repo.get_workflow_run_by_id_without_tenant.return_value = None
@@ -696,15 +630,12 @@ def test_enqueue_resume_workflow_not_found(mocker: MockerFixture, sqlite_session
     assert "WorkflowRun not found" in str(excinfo.value)
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("sqlite_session", [(App,)], indirect=True)
 def test_enqueue_resume_app_not_found(
     mocker,
-    sqlite_session_factory,
-    sqlite_session: Session,
+    sqlite_session_factory: sessionmaker[Session],
     caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory)
+    service = HumanInputService(sqlite_session_factory)
 
     workflow_run = MagicMock()
     workflow_run.app_id = "app-id"
@@ -715,26 +646,31 @@ def test_enqueue_resume_app_not_found(
         "services.human_input_service.DifyAPIRepositoryFactory.create_api_workflow_run_repository",
         return_value=workflow_run_repo,
     )
+    resume_task = mocker.patch("services.human_input_service.resume_app_execution")
 
     with caplog.at_level(logging.ERROR, logger="services.human_input_service"):
         service.enqueue_resume("workflow-run-id")
-        assert any(r.levelno >= logging.ERROR for r in caplog.records)
+
+    assert (
+        "services.human_input_service",
+        logging.ERROR,
+        "App not found for WorkflowRun, workflow_run_id=workflow-run-id, app_id=app-id",
+    ) in caplog.record_tuples
+    resume_task.apply_async.assert_not_called()
 
 
 def test_is_globally_expired_zero_timeout(
-    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory
 ):
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory)
 
     monkeypatch.setattr(human_input_service_module.dify_config, "HUMAN_INPUT_GLOBAL_TIMEOUT_SECONDS", 0)
     assert service._is_globally_expired(Form(sample_form_record)) is False
 
 
 def test_submit_form_by_token_normalizes_select_and_files(
-    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
+    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
 ) -> None:
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     definition = FormDefinition(
         form_content="hello",
@@ -753,7 +689,7 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_normalizes_select_and_files(
     form_with_inputs = dataclasses.replace(sample_form_record, definition=definition)
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = form_with_inputs
     repo.mark_submitted.return_value = form_with_inputs
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
 
     single_file = File(
         file_id="file-1",
@@ -815,9 +751,8 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_normalizes_select_and_files(
 
 
 def test_submit_form_by_token_invalid_select_value(
-    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory
+    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory
 ) -> None:
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     definition = FormDefinition(
         form_content="hello",
@@ -832,7 +767,7 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_invalid_select_value(
         expiration_time=sample_form_record.expiration_time,
     )
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = dataclasses.replace(sample_form_record, definition=definition)
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
 
     with pytest.raises(InvalidFormDataError, match="Invalid value for select input 'decision'"):
         service.submit_form_by_token(
@@ -844,9 +779,8 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_invalid_select_value(
 
 
 def test_submit_form_by_token_invalid_file_list_item(
-    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory
+    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory
 ) -> None:
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     definition = FormDefinition(
         form_content="hello",
@@ -856,7 +790,7 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_invalid_file_list_item(
         expiration_time=sample_form_record.expiration_time,
     )
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = dataclasses.replace(sample_form_record, definition=definition)
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
 
     with pytest.raises(
         InvalidFormDataError,
@@ -871,9 +805,8 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_invalid_file_list_item(
 
 
 def test_submit_form_by_token_rejects_cross_tenant_file(
-    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
+    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
 ) -> None:
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     definition = FormDefinition(
         form_content="hello",
@@ -883,7 +816,7 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_rejects_cross_tenant_file(
         expiration_time=sample_form_record.expiration_time,
     )
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = dataclasses.replace(sample_form_record, definition=definition)
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
     mocker.patch("services.human_input_service.build_from_mapping", side_effect=ValueError("Invalid upload file"))
 
     with pytest.raises(InvalidFormDataError, match="Invalid value for file input 'attachment'"):
@@ -904,9 +837,8 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_rejects_cross_tenant_file(
 
 
 def test_submit_form_by_token_rejects_cross_tenant_file_list(
-    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, sqlite_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
+    sample_form_record: HumanInputFormRecord, unbound_session_factory, mocker: MockerFixture
 ) -> None:
-    session_factory, _ = sqlite_session_factory
     repo = MagicMock(spec=HumanInputFormSubmissionRepository)
     definition = FormDefinition(
         form_content="hello",
@@ -916,7 +848,7 @@ def test_submit_form_by_token_rejects_cross_tenant_file_list(
         expiration_time=sample_form_record.expiration_time,
     )
     repo.get_by_token.return_value = dataclasses.replace(sample_form_record, definition=definition)
-    service = HumanInputService(session_factory, form_repository=repo)
+    service = HumanInputService(unbound_session_factory, form_repository=repo)
     mocker.patch("services.human_input_service.build_from_mappings", side_effect=ValueError("Invalid upload file"))
 
     with pytest.raises(

api/tests/unit_tests/services/test_model_provider_service.py

@@ -5,15 +5,12 @@ from unittest.mock import MagicMock
 import pytest
 
 from core.entities.model_entities import ModelStatus
-from core.entities.provider_entities import CredentialConfiguration
-from core.plugin.entities.plugin import PluginInstallationSource
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.common_entities import I18nObject
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import FetchFrom, ModelType, ParameterRule, ParameterType
-from graphon.model_runtime.entities.provider_entities import ConfigurateMethod
 from models.provider import ProviderType
 from services import model_provider_service as service_module
 from services.errors.app_model_config import ProviderNotFoundError
-from services.model_provider_service import ModelProviderService, _ProviderSummaryState
+from services.model_provider_service import ModelProviderService
 
 
 def _create_service_with_mocked_manager() -> tuple[ModelProviderService, MagicMock]:
@@ -99,247 +96,6 @@ class TestModelProviderServiceConfiguration:
         assert result[0].provider == "openai"
         assert result[0].custom_configuration.status.value == "no-configure"
 
-    def test_get_provider_summary_list_uses_lightweight_state_and_plugin_bindings(
-        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
-    ) -> None:
-        service = ModelProviderService()
-        provider = SimpleNamespace(
-            provider="langgenius/openai/openai",
-            label=I18nObject(en_US="OpenAI"),
-            description=I18nObject(en_US="OpenAI models"),
-            icon_small=I18nObject(en_US="icon.svg"),
-            icon_small_dark=I18nObject(en_US="icon-dark.svg"),
-            supported_model_types=[ModelType.LLM],
-            configurate_methods=[ConfigurateMethod.PREDEFINED_MODEL],
-        )
-        binding = SimpleNamespace(
-            provider="openai",
-            plugin_id="langgenius/openai",
-            installation_id="installation-1",
-            plugin_unique_identifier="langgenius/openai:1.2.3@checksum",
-            runtime_type="local",
-            source=PluginInstallationSource.Marketplace,
-            version="1.2.3",
-        )
-        state = _ProviderSummaryState(
-            has_custom_provider=True,
-            available_credentials=[
-                CredentialConfiguration(
-                    credential_id="credential-1",
-                    credential_name="Production",
-                ),
-                CredentialConfiguration(
-                    credential_id="credential-2",
-                    credential_name="Backup",
-                ),
-            ],
-            has_custom_models=False,
-            current_credential_id="credential-1",
-            current_credential_name="Production",
-            current_credential_usable=True,
-            preferred_provider_type=ProviderType.CUSTOM,
-        )
-        call_order: list[str] = []
-        manager_constructor = MagicMock(side_effect=AssertionError("summary must not construct ProviderManager"))
-        monkeypatch.setattr(service, "_get_provider_manager", manager_constructor)
-        monkeypatch.setattr(
-            service_module.PluginService,
-            "list_model_provider_bindings",
-            MagicMock(side_effect=lambda *_args, **_kwargs: call_order.append("bindings") or [binding]),
-        )
-        monkeypatch.setattr(
-            service_module.PluginService,
-            "fetch_plugin_model_providers",
-            MagicMock(side_effect=lambda *_args, **_kwargs: call_order.append("providers") or [provider]),
-        )
-        monkeypatch.setattr(
-            service,
-            "_load_provider_summary_states",
-            MagicMock(return_value={provider.provider: state}),
-        )
-        monkeypatch.setattr(service, "_is_system_provider_enabled", MagicMock(return_value=False))
-
-        providers, plugins = service.get_provider_summary_list(tenant_id="tenant-1")
-
-        assert len(providers) == 1
-        assert providers[0].provider == provider.provider
-        assert providers[0].plugin_id == "langgenius/openai"
-        assert providers[0].is_configured is True
-        assert providers[0].custom_configuration.available_credentials == [
-            CredentialConfiguration(
-                credential_id="credential-1",
-                credential_name="Production",
-            ),
-            CredentialConfiguration(
-                credential_id="credential-2",
-                credential_name="Backup",
-            ),
-        ]
-        assert providers[0].custom_configuration.current_credential_name == "Production"
-        assert providers[0].custom_configuration.current_credential_usable is True
-        assert providers[0].system_configuration.enabled is False
-        assert plugins["langgenius/openai"].installation_id == "installation-1"
-        assert plugins["langgenius/openai"].version == "1.2.3"
-        assert call_order == ["bindings", "providers"]
-        manager_constructor.assert_not_called()
-
-    def test_get_provider_summary_list_returns_all_unique_provider_metadata(
-        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
-    ) -> None:
-        service = ModelProviderService()
-        llm_provider = SimpleNamespace(
-            provider="langgenius/openai/openai",
-            label=I18nObject(en_US="OpenAI"),
-            description=None,
-            icon_small=None,
-            icon_small_dark=None,
-            supported_model_types=[ModelType.LLM],
-            configurate_methods=[],
-        )
-        embedding_provider = SimpleNamespace(
-            provider="langgenius/embedding/embedding",
-            label=I18nObject(en_US="Embedding"),
-            description=None,
-            icon_small=None,
-            icon_small_dark=None,
-            supported_model_types=[ModelType.TEXT_EMBEDDING],
-            configurate_methods=[],
-        )
-        llm_binding = SimpleNamespace(
-            provider="openai",
-            plugin_id="langgenius/openai",
-            installation_id="installation-openai",
-            plugin_unique_identifier="langgenius/openai:1.0.0@checksum",
-            runtime_type="local",
-            source=service_module.PluginInstallationSource.Marketplace,
-            version="1.0.0",
-        )
-        embedding_binding = SimpleNamespace(
-            provider="embedding",
-            plugin_id="langgenius/embedding",
-            installation_id="installation-embedding",
-            plugin_unique_identifier="langgenius/embedding:1.0.0@checksum",
-            runtime_type="local",
-            source=service_module.PluginInstallationSource.Marketplace,
-            version="1.0.0",
-        )
-        monkeypatch.setattr(
-            service_module.PluginService,
-            "list_model_provider_bindings",
-            MagicMock(return_value=[llm_binding, embedding_binding]),
-        )
-        monkeypatch.setattr(
-            service_module.PluginService,
-            "fetch_plugin_model_providers",
-            MagicMock(return_value=[llm_provider, llm_provider, embedding_provider]),
-        )
-        monkeypatch.setattr(service, "_load_provider_summary_states", MagicMock(return_value={}))
-        monkeypatch.setattr(service, "_is_system_provider_enabled", MagicMock(return_value=False))
-        monkeypatch.setattr(service_module, "is_filtered", MagicMock(return_value=False))
-
-        providers, plugins = service.get_provider_summary_list(tenant_id="tenant-1")
-
-        assert [provider.provider for provider in providers] == [
-            "langgenius/openai/openai",
-            "langgenius/embedding/embedding",
-        ]
-        assert providers[0].is_configured is False
-        assert providers[0].custom_configuration.status.value == "no-configure"
-        assert providers[0].custom_configuration.available_credentials == []
-        assert set(plugins) == {"langgenius/openai", "langgenius/embedding"}
-
-    def test_preferred_provider_fallback_uses_custom_presence_not_configuration_status(
-        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
-    ) -> None:
-        monkeypatch.setattr(service_module.dify_config, "EDITION", "SELF_HOSTED")
-        state = _ProviderSummaryState(has_custom_provider=True)
-
-        preferred_provider_type = ModelProviderService._get_preferred_provider_type(
-            state,
-            custom_present=True,
-            system_enabled=True,
-        )
-
-        assert preferred_provider_type == ProviderType.CUSTOM
-
-    def test_load_provider_summary_states_reads_only_lightweight_columns(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
-        canonical_provider = "langgenius/openai/openai"
-        session = MagicMock()
-        session.execute.side_effect = [
-            SimpleNamespace(
-                all=lambda: [
-                    SimpleNamespace(
-                        provider_name="openai",
-                        credential_id="credential-legacy",
-                        credential_provider_name="openai",
-                        credential_name="Legacy",
-                    ),
-                    SimpleNamespace(
-                        provider_name=canonical_provider,
-                        credential_id="credential-current",
-                        credential_provider_name=canonical_provider,
-                        credential_name="Production",
-                    ),
-                ]
-            ),
-            SimpleNamespace(
-                all=lambda: [
-                    SimpleNamespace(
-                        id="credential-legacy",
-                        provider_name="openai",
-                        credential_name="Legacy",
-                    ),
-                    SimpleNamespace(
-                        id="credential-current",
-                        provider_name=canonical_provider,
-                        credential_name="Production",
-                    ),
-                ]
-            ),
-            SimpleNamespace(all=lambda: [SimpleNamespace(provider_name="openai")]),
-            SimpleNamespace(
-                all=lambda: [
-                    SimpleNamespace(
-                        provider_name=canonical_provider,
-                        preferred_provider_type=ProviderType.SYSTEM,
-                    )
-                ]
-            ),
-        ]
-        session_context = MagicMock()
-        session_context.__enter__.return_value = session
-        create_session = MagicMock(return_value=session_context)
-        monkeypatch.setattr(service_module.session_factory, "create_session", create_session)
-
-        states = ModelProviderService._load_provider_summary_states("tenant-1")
-
-        state = states[canonical_provider]
-        assert state.has_custom_provider is True
-        assert state.available_credentials == [
-            CredentialConfiguration(
-                credential_id="credential-legacy",
-                credential_name="Legacy",
-            ),
-            CredentialConfiguration(
-                credential_id="credential-current",
-                credential_name="Production",
-            ),
-        ]
-        assert state.has_custom_models is True
-        assert state.current_credential_id == "credential-current"
-        assert state.current_credential_name == "Production"
-        assert state.current_credential_usable is True
-        assert state.preferred_provider_type == ProviderType.SYSTEM
-
-        statements = [str(execute_call.args[0]) for execute_call in session.execute.call_args_list]
-        assert len(statements) == 4
-        assert all("encrypted_config" not in statement for statement in statements)
-        assert "count(" not in statements[1].lower()
-        assert "provider_credentials.id" in statements[1]
-        assert "provider_credentials.credential_name" in statements[1]
-        assert "ORDER BY provider_credentials.created_at DESC, provider_credentials.id DESC" in statements[1]
-        assert "provider_model_credentials" in statements[2]
-
     def test_get_models_by_provider_should_wrap_model_entities_with_tenant_context(self) -> None:
         service, manager = _create_service_with_mocked_manager()
 

api/tests/unit_tests/services/test_oauth_server_service.py

@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
-"""Testcontainers integration tests for OAuthServerService."""
+"""Unit tests for OAuthServerService with SQLite-backed database access."""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import uuid
+from collections.abc import Iterator
 from typing import cast
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 from uuid import uuid4
 
 import pytest
+from flask import Flask
+from sqlalchemy import Engine
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest
 
+from models.engine import db
 from models.model import OAuthProviderApp
 from services.oauth_server import (
     OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRES_IN,
@@ -23,10 +27,24 @@ from services.oauth_server import (
 )
 
 
-class TestOAuthServerServiceGetProviderApp:
-    """DB-backed tests for get_oauth_provider_app."""
+@pytest.fixture
+def oauth_db() -> Iterator[Session]:
+    """Provide the production database extension with an isolated SQLite provider table."""
+    app = Flask(__name__)
+    app.config["SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI"] = "sqlite:///:memory:"
+    db.init_app(app)
 
-    def _create_oauth_provider_app(self, db_session_with_containers: Session, *, client_id: str) -> OAuthProviderApp:
+    with app.app_context():
+        OAuthProviderApp.__table__.create(db.engine)
+        with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
+            yield session
+
+
+class TestOAuthServerServiceGetProviderApp:
+    """Verify provider lookup against a real SQLAlchemy database."""
+
+    def test_get_oauth_provider_app_returns_app_when_exists(self, oauth_db: Session) -> None:
+        client_id = f"client-{uuid4()}"
         app = OAuthProviderApp(
             app_icon="icon.png",
             client_id=client_id,
@@ -35,35 +53,30 @@ class TestOAuthServerServiceGetProviderApp:
             redirect_uris=["https://example.com/callback"],
             scope="read",
         )
-        db_session_with_containers.add(app)
-        db_session_with_containers.commit()
-        return app
-
-    def test_get_oauth_provider_app_returns_app_when_exists(self, db_session_with_containers: Session):
-        client_id = f"client-{uuid4()}"
-        created = self._create_oauth_provider_app(db_session_with_containers, client_id=client_id)
+        oauth_db.add(app)
+        oauth_db.commit()
 
         result = OAuthServerService.get_oauth_provider_app(client_id)
 
         assert result is not None
         assert result.client_id == client_id
-        assert result.id == created.id
+        assert result.id == app.id
 
-    def test_get_oauth_provider_app_returns_none_when_not_exists(self, db_session_with_containers: Session):
+    def test_get_oauth_provider_app_returns_none_when_not_exists(self, oauth_db: Session) -> None:
         result = OAuthServerService.get_oauth_provider_app(f"nonexistent-{uuid4()}")
 
         assert result is None
 
 
 class TestOAuthServerServiceTokenOperations:
-    """Redis-backed tests for token sign/validate operations."""
+    """Verify Redis-backed token signing and validation branches."""
 
     @pytest.fixture
     def mock_redis(self):
         with patch("services.oauth_server.redis_client") as mock:
             yield mock
 
-    def test_sign_authorization_code_stores_and_returns_code(self, mock_redis):
+    def test_sign_authorization_code_stores_and_returns_code(self, mock_redis) -> None:
         deterministic_uuid = uuid.UUID("00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000111")
         with patch("services.oauth_server.uuid.uuid4", return_value=deterministic_uuid):
             code = OAuthServerService.sign_oauth_authorization_code("client-1", "user-1")
@@ -75,7 +88,7 @@ class TestOAuthServerServiceTokenOperations:
             ex=600,
         )
 
-    def test_sign_access_token_raises_bad_request_for_invalid_code(self, mock_redis):
+    def test_sign_access_token_raises_bad_request_for_invalid_code(self, mock_redis) -> None:
         mock_redis.get.return_value = None
 
         with pytest.raises(BadRequest, match="invalid code"):
@@ -85,14 +98,13 @@ class TestOAuthServerServiceTokenOperations:
                 client_id="client-1",
             )
 
-    def test_sign_access_token_issues_tokens_for_valid_code(self, mock_redis):
+    def test_sign_access_token_issues_tokens_for_valid_code(self, mock_redis) -> None:
         token_uuids = [
             uuid.UUID("00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000201"),
             uuid.UUID("00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000202"),
         ]
         with patch("services.oauth_server.uuid.uuid4", side_effect=token_uuids):
             mock_redis.get.return_value = b"user-1"
-
             access_token, refresh_token = OAuthServerService.sign_oauth_access_token(
                 grant_type=OAuthGrantType.AUTHORIZATION_CODE,
                 code="code-1",
@@ -114,7 +126,7 @@ class TestOAuthServerServiceTokenOperations:
             ex=OAUTH_REFRESH_TOKEN_EXPIRES_IN,
         )
 
-    def test_sign_access_token_raises_bad_request_for_invalid_refresh_token(self, mock_redis):
+    def test_sign_access_token_raises_bad_request_for_invalid_refresh_token(self, mock_redis) -> None:
         mock_redis.get.return_value = None
 
         with pytest.raises(BadRequest, match="invalid refresh token"):
@@ -124,11 +136,10 @@ class TestOAuthServerServiceTokenOperations:
                 client_id="client-1",
             )
 
-    def test_sign_access_token_issues_new_token_for_valid_refresh(self, mock_redis):
+    def test_sign_access_token_issues_new_token_for_valid_refresh(self, mock_redis) -> None:
         deterministic_uuid = uuid.UUID("00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000301")
         with patch("services.oauth_server.uuid.uuid4", return_value=deterministic_uuid):
             mock_redis.get.return_value = b"user-1"
-
             access_token, returned_refresh = OAuthServerService.sign_oauth_access_token(
                 grant_type=OAuthGrantType.REFRESH_TOKEN,
                 refresh_token="refresh-1",
@@ -138,14 +149,14 @@ class TestOAuthServerServiceTokenOperations:
         assert access_token == str(deterministic_uuid)
         assert returned_refresh == "refresh-1"
 
-    def test_sign_access_token_returns_none_for_unknown_grant_type(self, mock_redis):
+    def test_sign_access_token_returns_none_for_unknown_grant_type(self, mock_redis) -> None:
         grant_type = cast(OAuthGrantType, "invalid-grant-type")
 
         result = OAuthServerService.sign_oauth_access_token(grant_type=grant_type, client_id="client-1")
 
         assert result is None
 
-    def test_sign_refresh_token_stores_with_expected_expiry(self, mock_redis):
+    def test_sign_refresh_token_stores_with_expected_expiry(self, mock_redis) -> None:
         deterministic_uuid = uuid.UUID("00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000401")
         with patch("services.oauth_server.uuid.uuid4", return_value=deterministic_uuid):
             refresh_token = OAuthServerService._sign_oauth_refresh_token("client-2", "user-2")
@@ -157,22 +168,21 @@ class TestOAuthServerServiceTokenOperations:
             ex=OAUTH_REFRESH_TOKEN_EXPIRES_IN,
         )
 
-    def test_validate_access_token_returns_none_when_not_found(self, mock_redis, db_session_with_containers: Session):
+    def test_validate_access_token_returns_none_when_not_found(self, mock_redis, sqlite_engine: Engine) -> None:
         mock_redis.get.return_value = None
-        session = MagicMock()
 
-        result = OAuthServerService.validate_oauth_access_token("client-1", "missing-token", db_session_with_containers)
+        with Session(sqlite_engine) as session:
+            result = OAuthServerService.validate_oauth_access_token("client-1", "missing-token", session)
 
         assert result is None
 
-    def test_validate_access_token_loads_user_when_exists(self, mock_redis, db_session_with_containers: Session):
+    def test_validate_access_token_loads_user_when_exists(self, mock_redis, sqlite_engine: Engine) -> None:
         mock_redis.get.return_value = b"user-88"
         expected_user = MagicMock()
 
-        with patch("services.oauth_server.AccountService.load_user", return_value=expected_user) as mock_load:
-            result = OAuthServerService.validate_oauth_access_token(
-                "client-1", "access-token", db_session_with_containers
-            )
+        with Session(sqlite_engine) as session:
+            with patch("services.oauth_server.AccountService.load_user", return_value=expected_user) as mock_load:
+                result = OAuthServerService.validate_oauth_access_token("client-1", "access-token", session)
+                mock_load.assert_called_once_with("user-88", session)
 
         assert result is expected_user
-        mock_load.assert_called_once_with("user-88", db_session_with_containers)