fix(web): remove indicator from WorkplaceSelector and restore original item padding

The indicator was unnecessary (current workspace is shown in the trigger)
and shifted layout, breaking avatar alignment. Restore original
gap-2/pl-3/pr-2 spacing. Mark SelectItemIndicator as @public for Knip.

Made-with: Cursor

.agents/skills/e2e-cucumber-playwright/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+---
+name: e2e-cucumber-playwright
+description: Write, update, or review Dify end-to-end tests under `e2e/` that use Cucumber, Gherkin, and Playwright. Use when the task involves `.feature` files, `features/step-definitions/`, `features/support/`, `DifyWorld`, scenario tags, locator/assertion choices, or E2E testing best practices for this repository.
+---
+
+# Dify E2E Cucumber + Playwright
+
+Use this skill for Dify's repository-level E2E suite in `e2e/`. Use [`e2e/AGENTS.md`](../../../e2e/AGENTS.md) as the canonical guide for local architecture and conventions, then apply Playwright/Cucumber best practices only where they fit the current suite.
+
+## Scope
+
+- Use this skill for `.feature` files, Cucumber step definitions, `DifyWorld`, hooks, tags, and E2E review work under `e2e/`.
+- Do not use this skill for Vitest or React Testing Library work under `web/`; use `frontend-testing` instead.
+- Do not use this skill for backend test or API review tasks under `api/`.
+
+## Read Order
+
+1. Read [`e2e/AGENTS.md`](../../../e2e/AGENTS.md) first.
+2. Read only the files directly involved in the task:
+   - target `.feature` files under `e2e/features/`
+   - related step files under `e2e/features/step-definitions/`
+   - `e2e/features/support/hooks.ts` and `e2e/features/support/world.ts` when session lifecycle or shared state matters
+   - `e2e/scripts/run-cucumber.ts` and `e2e/cucumber.config.ts` when tags or execution flow matter
+3. Read [`references/playwright-best-practices.md`](references/playwright-best-practices.md) only when locator, assertion, isolation, or waiting choices are involved.
+4. Read [`references/cucumber-best-practices.md`](references/cucumber-best-practices.md) only when scenario wording, step granularity, tags, or expression design are involved.
+5. Re-check official docs with Context7 before introducing a new Playwright or Cucumber pattern.
+
+## Local Rules
+
+- `e2e/` uses Cucumber for scenarios and Playwright as the browser layer.
+- `DifyWorld` is the per-scenario context object. Type `this` as `DifyWorld` and use `async function`, not arrow functions.
+- Keep glue organized by capability under `e2e/features/step-definitions/`; use `common/` only for broadly reusable steps.
+- Browser session behavior comes from `features/support/hooks.ts`:
+  - default: authenticated session with shared storage state
+  - `@unauthenticated`: clean browser context
+  - `@authenticated`: readability/selective-run tag only unless implementation changes
+  - `@fresh`: only for `e2e:full*` flows
+- Do not import Playwright Test runner patterns that bypass the current Cucumber + `DifyWorld` architecture unless the task is explicitly about changing that architecture.
+
+## Workflow
+
+1. Rebuild local context.
+   - Inspect the target feature area.
+   - Reuse an existing step when wording and behavior already match.
+   - Add a new step only for a genuinely new user action or assertion.
+   - Keep edits close to the current capability folder unless the step is broadly reusable.
+2. Write behavior-first scenarios.
+   - Describe user-observable behavior, not DOM mechanics.
+   - Keep each scenario focused on one workflow or outcome.
+   - Keep scenarios independent and re-runnable.
+3. Write step definitions in the local style.
+   - Keep one step to one user-visible action or one assertion.
+   - Prefer Cucumber Expressions such as `{string}` and `{int}`.
+   - Scope locators to stable containers when the page has repeated elements.
+   - Avoid page-object layers or extra helper abstractions unless repeated complexity clearly justifies them.
+4. Use Playwright in the local style.
+   - Prefer user-facing locators: `getByRole`, `getByLabel`, `getByPlaceholder`, `getByText`, then `getByTestId` for explicit contracts.
+   - Use web-first `expect(...)` assertions.
+   - Do not use `waitForTimeout`, manual polling, or raw visibility checks when a locator action or retrying assertion already expresses the behavior.
+5. Validate narrowly.
+   - Run the narrowest tagged scenario or flow that exercises the change.
+   - Run `pnpm -C e2e check`.
+   - Broaden verification only when the change affects hooks, tags, setup, or shared step semantics.
+
+## Review Checklist
+
+- Does the scenario describe behavior rather than implementation?
+- Does it fit the current session model, tags, and `DifyWorld` usage?
+- Should an existing step be reused instead of adding a new one?
+- Are locators user-facing and assertions web-first?
+- Does the change introduce hidden coupling across scenarios, tags, or instance state?
+- Does it document or implement behavior that differs from the real hooks or configuration?
+
+Lead findings with correctness, flake risk, and architecture drift.
+
+## References
+
+- [`references/playwright-best-practices.md`](references/playwright-best-practices.md)
+- [`references/cucumber-best-practices.md`](references/cucumber-best-practices.md)

.agents/skills/e2e-cucumber-playwright/agents/openai.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+interface:
+  display_name: "E2E Cucumber + Playwright"
+  short_description: "Write and review Dify E2E scenarios."
+  default_prompt: "Use $e2e-cucumber-playwright to write or review a Dify E2E scenario under e2e/."

.agents/skills/e2e-cucumber-playwright/references/cucumber-best-practices.md

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+# Cucumber Best Practices For Dify E2E
+
+Use this reference when writing or reviewing Gherkin scenarios, step definitions, parameter expressions, and step reuse in Dify's `e2e/` suite.
+
+Official sources:
+
+- https://cucumber.io/docs/guides/10-minute-tutorial/
+- https://cucumber.io/docs/cucumber/step-definitions/
+- https://cucumber.io/docs/cucumber/cucumber-expressions/
+
+## What Matters Most
+
+### 1. Treat scenarios as executable specifications
+
+Cucumber scenarios should describe examples of behavior, not test implementation recipes.
+
+Apply it like this:
+
+- write what the user does and what should happen
+- avoid UI-internal wording such as selector details, DOM structure, or component names
+- keep language concrete enough that the scenario reads like living documentation
+
+### 2. Keep scenarios focused
+
+A scenario should usually prove one workflow or business outcome. If a scenario wanders across several unrelated behaviors, split it.
+
+In Dify's suite, this means:
+
+- one capability-focused scenario per feature path
+- no long setup chains when existing bootstrap or reusable steps already cover them
+- no hidden dependency on another scenario's side effects
+
+### 3. Reuse steps, but only when behavior really matches
+
+Good reuse reduces duplication. Bad reuse hides meaning.
+
+Prefer reuse when:
+
+- the user action is genuinely the same
+- the expected outcome is genuinely the same
+- the wording stays natural across features
+
+Write a new step when:
+
+- the behavior is materially different
+- reusing the old wording would make the scenario misleading
+- a supposedly generic step would become an implementation-detail wrapper
+
+### 4. Prefer Cucumber Expressions
+
+Use Cucumber Expressions for parameters unless regex is clearly necessary.
+
+Common examples:
+
+- `{string}` for labels, names, and visible text
+- `{int}` for counts
+- `{float}` for decimal values
+- `{word}` only when the value is truly a single token
+
+Keep expressions readable. If a step needs complicated parsing logic, first ask whether the scenario wording should be simpler.
+
+### 5. Keep step definitions thin and meaningful
+
+Step definitions are glue between Gherkin and automation, not a second abstraction language.
+
+For Dify:
+
+- type `this` as `DifyWorld`
+- use `async function`
+- keep each step to one user-visible action or assertion
+- rely on `DifyWorld` and existing support code for shared context
+- avoid leaking cross-scenario state
+
+### 6. Use tags intentionally
+
+Tags should communicate run scope or session semantics, not become ad hoc metadata.
+
+In Dify's current suite:
+
+- capability tags group related scenarios
+- `@unauthenticated` changes session behavior
+- `@authenticated` is descriptive/selective, not a behavior switch by itself
+- `@fresh` belongs to reset/full-install flows only
+
+If a proposed tag implies behavior, verify that hooks or runner configuration actually implement it.
+
+## Review Questions
+
+- Does the scenario read like a real example of product behavior?
+- Are the steps behavior-oriented instead of implementation-oriented?
+- Is a reused step still truthful in this feature?
+- Is a new tag documenting real behavior, or inventing semantics that the suite does not implement?
+- Would a new reader understand the outcome without opening the step-definition file?

.agents/skills/e2e-cucumber-playwright/references/playwright-best-practices.md

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# Playwright Best Practices For Dify E2E
+
+Use this reference when writing or reviewing locator, assertion, isolation, or synchronization logic for Dify's Cucumber-based E2E suite.
+
+Official sources:
+
+- https://playwright.dev/docs/best-practices
+- https://playwright.dev/docs/locators
+- https://playwright.dev/docs/test-assertions
+- https://playwright.dev/docs/browser-contexts
+
+## What Matters Most
+
+### 1. Keep scenarios isolated
+
+Playwright's model is built around clean browser contexts so one test does not leak into another. In Dify's suite, that principle maps to per-scenario session setup in `features/support/hooks.ts` and `DifyWorld`.
+
+Apply it like this:
+
+- do not depend on another scenario having run first
+- do not persist ad hoc scenario state outside `DifyWorld`
+- do not couple ordinary scenarios to `@fresh` behavior
+- when a flow needs special auth/session semantics, express that through the existing tag model or explicit hook changes
+
+### 2. Prefer user-facing locators
+
+Playwright recommends built-in locators that reflect what users perceive on the page.
+
+Preferred order in this repository:
+
+1. `getByRole`
+2. `getByLabel`
+3. `getByPlaceholder`
+4. `getByText`
+5. `getByTestId` when an explicit test contract is the most stable option
+
+Avoid raw CSS/XPath selectors unless no stable user-facing contract exists and adding one is not practical.
+
+Also remember:
+
+- repeated content usually needs scoping to a stable container
+- exact text matching is often too brittle when role/name or label already exists
+- `getByTestId` is acceptable when semantics are weak but the contract is intentional
+
+### 3. Use web-first assertions
+
+Playwright assertions auto-wait and retry. Prefer them over manual state inspection.
+
+Prefer:
+
+- `await expect(page).toHaveURL(...)`
+- `await expect(locator).toBeVisible()`
+- `await expect(locator).toBeHidden()`
+- `await expect(locator).toBeEnabled()`
+- `await expect(locator).toHaveText(...)`
+
+Avoid:
+
+- `expect(await locator.isVisible()).toBe(true)`
+- custom polling loops for DOM state
+- `waitForTimeout` as synchronization
+
+If a condition genuinely needs custom retry logic, use Playwright's polling/assertion tools deliberately and keep that choice local and explicit.
+
+### 4. Let actions wait for actionability
+
+Locator actions already wait for the element to be actionable. Do not preface every click/fill with extra timing logic unless the action needs a specific visible/ready assertion for clarity.
+
+Good pattern:
+
+- assert a meaningful visible state when that is part of the behavior
+- then click/fill/select via locator APIs
+
+Bad pattern:
+
+- stack arbitrary waits before every action
+- wait on unstable implementation details instead of the visible state the user cares about
+
+### 5. Match debugging to the current suite
+
+Playwright's wider ecosystem supports traces and rich debugging tools. Dify's current suite already captures:
+
+- full-page screenshots
+- page HTML
+- console errors
+- page errors
+
+Use the existing artifact flow by default. If a task is specifically about improving diagnostics, confirm the change fits the current Cucumber architecture before importing broader Playwright tooling.
+
+## Review Questions
+
+- Would this locator survive DOM refactors that do not change user-visible behavior?
+- Is this assertion using Playwright's retrying semantics?
+- Is any explicit wait masking a real readiness problem?
+- Does this code preserve per-scenario isolation?
+- Is a new abstraction really needed, or does it bypass the existing `DifyWorld` + step-definition model?

.claude/skills/e2e-cucumber-playwright

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../.agents/skills/e2e-cucumber-playwright

.github/workflows/docker-build.yml

@@ -6,14 +6,7 @@ on:
       - "main"
     paths:
       - api/Dockerfile
-      - web/docker/**
       - web/Dockerfile
-      - packages/**
-      - package.json
-      - pnpm-lock.yaml
-      - pnpm-workspace.yaml
-      - .npmrc
-      - .nvmrc
 
 concurrency:
   group: docker-build-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}

.github/workflows/main-ci.yml

@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ jobs:
             vdb:
               - 'api/core/rag/datasource/**'
               - 'api/tests/integration_tests/vdb/**'
+              - 'api/providers/vdb/*/tests/**'
               - '.github/workflows/vdb-tests.yml'
               - '.github/workflows/expose_service_ports.sh'
               - 'docker/.env.example'

.github/workflows/pyrefly-type-coverage-comment.yml

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Render coverage markdown from structured data
         id: render
         run: |
-          comment_body="$(uv run --directory api python api/libs/pyrefly_type_coverage.py \
+          comment_body="$(uv run --directory api python libs/pyrefly_type_coverage.py \
             --base base_report.json \
             < pr_report.json)"
 

.github/workflows/vdb-tests-full.yml

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ jobs:
           cp api/tests/integration_tests/.env.example api/tests/integration_tests/.env
 
 #      - name: Check VDB Ready (TiDB)
-#        run: uv run --project api python api/tests/integration_tests/vdb/tidb_vector/check_tiflash_ready.py
+#        run: uv run --project api python api/providers/vdb/tidb-vector/tests/integration_tests/check_tiflash_ready.py
 
       - name: Test Vector Stores
         run: uv run --project api bash dev/pytest/pytest_vdb.sh

.github/workflows/vdb-tests.yml

@@ -81,12 +81,12 @@ jobs:
           cp api/tests/integration_tests/.env.example api/tests/integration_tests/.env
 
 #      - name: Check VDB Ready (TiDB)
-#        run: uv run --project api python api/tests/integration_tests/vdb/tidb_vector/check_tiflash_ready.py
+#        run: uv run --project api python api/providers/vdb/tidb-vector/tests/integration_tests/check_tiflash_ready.py
 
       - name: Test Vector Stores
         run: |
           uv run --project api pytest --timeout "${PYTEST_TIMEOUT:-180}" \
-            api/tests/integration_tests/vdb/chroma \
-            api/tests/integration_tests/vdb/pgvector \
-            api/tests/integration_tests/vdb/qdrant \
-            api/tests/integration_tests/vdb/weaviate
+            api/providers/vdb/vdb-chroma/tests/integration_tests \
+            api/providers/vdb/vdb-pgvector/tests/integration_tests \
+            api/providers/vdb/vdb-qdrant/tests/integration_tests \
+            api/providers/vdb/vdb-weaviate/tests/integration_tests

api/.env.example

@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@ REDIS_SSL_CERTFILE=
 REDIS_SSL_KEYFILE=
 # Path to client private key file for SSL authentication
 REDIS_DB=0
+# Optional global prefix for Redis keys, topics, streams, and Celery Redis transport artifacts.
+# Leave empty to preserve current unprefixed behavior.
+REDIS_KEY_PREFIX=
 
 # redis Sentinel configuration.
 REDIS_USE_SENTINEL=false

api/.ruff.toml

@@ -69,8 +69,6 @@ ignore = [
     "FURB152", # math-constant
     "UP007",   # non-pep604-annotation
     "UP032",   # f-string
-    "UP045",   # non-pep604-annotation-optional
-    "B005",    # strip-with-multi-characters
     "B006",    # mutable-argument-default
     "B007",    # unused-loop-control-variable
     "B026",    # star-arg-unpacking-after-keyword-arg
@@ -84,7 +82,6 @@ ignore = [
     "SIM102",  # collapsible-if
     "SIM103",  # needless-bool
     "SIM105",  # suppressible-exception
-    "SIM107",  # return-in-try-except-finally
     "SIM108",  # if-else-block-instead-of-if-exp
     "SIM113",  # enumerate-for-loop
     "SIM117",  # multiple-with-statements
@@ -93,29 +90,16 @@ ignore = [
 ]
 
 [lint.per-file-ignores]
-"__init__.py" = [
-    "F401", # unused-import
-    "F811", # redefined-while-unused
-]
 "configs/*" = [
     "N802", # invalid-function-name
 ]
-"graphon/model_runtime/callbacks/base_callback.py" = ["T201"]
-"core/workflow/callbacks/workflow_logging_callback.py" = ["T201"]
 "libs/gmpy2_pkcs10aep_cipher.py" = [
     "N803", # invalid-argument-name
 ]
 "tests/*" = [
-    "F811", # redefined-while-unused
     "T201", # allow print in tests,
     "S110", # allow ignoring exceptions in tests code (currently)
-
 ]
-"controllers/console/explore/trial.py" = ["TID251"]
-"controllers/console/human_input_form.py" = ["TID251"]
-"controllers/web/human_input_form.py" = ["TID251"]
-
-[lint.flake8-tidy-imports]
 
 [lint.flake8-tidy-imports.banned-api."flask_restx.reqparse"]
 msg = "Use Pydantic payload/query models instead of reqparse."

api/Dockerfile

@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ RUN apt-get update \
           # for building gmpy2
           libmpfr-dev libmpc-dev
 
-# Install Python dependencies
+# Install Python dependencies (workspace members under providers/vdb/)
 COPY pyproject.toml uv.lock ./
+COPY providers ./providers
 RUN uv sync --locked --no-dev
 
 # production stage

api/commands/vector.py

@@ -341,11 +341,10 @@ def add_qdrant_index(field: str):
             click.echo(click.style("No dataset collection bindings found.", fg="red"))
             return
         import qdrant_client
+        from dify_vdb_qdrant.qdrant_vector import PathQdrantParams, QdrantConfig
         from qdrant_client.http.exceptions import UnexpectedResponse
         from qdrant_client.http.models import PayloadSchemaType
 
-        from core.rag.datasource.vdb.qdrant.qdrant_vector import PathQdrantParams, QdrantConfig
-
         for binding in bindings:
             if dify_config.QDRANT_URL is None:
                 raise ValueError("Qdrant URL is required.")

api/configs/middleware/__init__.py

@@ -160,6 +160,16 @@ class DatabaseConfig(BaseSettings):
         default="",
     )
 
+    DB_SESSION_TIMEZONE_OVERRIDE: str = Field(
+        description=(
+            "PostgreSQL session timezone override injected via startup options."
+            " Default is 'UTC' for out-of-the-box consistency."
+            " Set to empty string to disable app-level timezone injection, for example when using RDS Proxy"
+            " together with a database-side default timezone."
+        ),
+        default="UTC",
+    )
+
     @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
     @property
     def SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI_SCHEME(self) -> str:
@@ -227,12 +237,13 @@ class DatabaseConfig(BaseSettings):
         connect_args: dict[str, str] = {}
         # Use the dynamic SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI_SCHEME property
         if self.SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI_SCHEME.startswith("postgresql"):
-            timezone_opt = "-c timezone=UTC"
-            if options:
-                merged_options = f"{options} {timezone_opt}"
-            else:
-                merged_options = timezone_opt
-            connect_args = {"options": merged_options}
+            merged_options = options.strip()
+            session_timezone_override = self.DB_SESSION_TIMEZONE_OVERRIDE.strip()
+            if session_timezone_override:
+                timezone_opt = f"-c timezone={session_timezone_override}"
+                merged_options = f"{merged_options} {timezone_opt}".strip() if merged_options else timezone_opt
+            if merged_options:
+                connect_args = {"options": merged_options}
 
         result: SQLAlchemyEngineOptionsDict = {
             "pool_size": self.SQLALCHEMY_POOL_SIZE,

api/configs/middleware/cache/redis_config.py

@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ class RedisConfig(BaseSettings):
         default=0,
     )
 
+    REDIS_KEY_PREFIX: str = Field(
+        description="Optional global prefix for Redis keys, topics, and transport artifacts",
+        default="",
+    )
+
     REDIS_USE_SSL: bool = Field(
         description="Enable SSL/TLS for the Redis connection",
         default=False,

api/configs/middleware/vdb/hologres_config.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-from holo_search_sdk.types import BaseQuantizationType, DistanceType, TokenizerType
 from pydantic import Field
 from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings
 
@@ -42,17 +41,17 @@ class HologresConfig(BaseSettings):
         default="public",
     )
 
-    HOLOGRES_TOKENIZER: TokenizerType = Field(
+    HOLOGRES_TOKENIZER: str = Field(
         description="Tokenizer for full-text search index (e.g., 'jieba', 'ik', 'standard', 'simple').",
         default="jieba",
     )
 
-    HOLOGRES_DISTANCE_METHOD: DistanceType = Field(
+    HOLOGRES_DISTANCE_METHOD: str = Field(
         description="Distance method for vector index (e.g., 'Cosine', 'Euclidean', 'InnerProduct').",
         default="Cosine",
     )
 
-    HOLOGRES_BASE_QUANTIZATION_TYPE: BaseQuantizationType = Field(
+    HOLOGRES_BASE_QUANTIZATION_TYPE: str = Field(
         description="Base quantization type for vector index (e.g., 'rabitq', 'sq8', 'fp16', 'fp32').",
         default="rabitq",
     )

api/configs/middleware/vdb/iris_config.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 """Configuration for InterSystems IRIS vector database."""
 
+from typing import Any
+
 from pydantic import Field, PositiveInt, model_validator
 from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings
 
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ class IrisVectorConfig(BaseSettings):
 
     @model_validator(mode="before")
     @classmethod
-    def validate_config(cls, values: dict) -> dict:
+    def validate_config(cls, values: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """Validate IRIS configuration values.
 
         Args:

api/controllers/console/app/advanced_prompt_template.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 from controllers.console import console_ns
 from controllers.console.wraps import account_initialization_required, setup_required
 from libs.login import login_required
-from services.advanced_prompt_template_service import AdvancedPromptTemplateService
+from services.advanced_prompt_template_service import AdvancedPromptTemplateArgs, AdvancedPromptTemplateService
 
 
 class AdvancedPromptTemplateQuery(BaseModel):
@@ -35,5 +35,10 @@ class AdvancedPromptTemplateList(Resource):
     @account_initialization_required
     def get(self):
         args = AdvancedPromptTemplateQuery.model_validate(request.args.to_dict(flat=True))  # type: ignore
-
-        return AdvancedPromptTemplateService.get_prompt(args.model_dump())
+        prompt_args: AdvancedPromptTemplateArgs = {
+            "app_mode": args.app_mode,
+            "model_mode": args.model_mode,
+            "model_name": args.model_name,
+            "has_context": args.has_context,
+        }
+        return AdvancedPromptTemplateService.get_prompt(prompt_args)

api/controllers/console/app/app.py

@@ -6,10 +6,9 @@ from typing import Any, Literal
 from flask import request
 from flask_restx import Resource
 from graphon.enums import WorkflowExecutionStatus
-from graphon.file import helpers as file_helpers
 from pydantic import AliasChoices, BaseModel, Field, computed_field, field_validator
 from sqlalchemy import select
-from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest
 
 from controllers.common.helpers import FileInfo
@@ -31,13 +30,14 @@ from core.rag.retrieval.retrieval_methods import RetrievalMethod
 from core.trigger.constants import TRIGGER_NODE_TYPES
 from extensions.ext_database import db
 from fields.base import ResponseModel
+from libs.helper import build_icon_url
 from libs.login import current_account_with_tenant, login_required
 from models import App, DatasetPermissionEnum, Workflow
 from models.model import IconType
 from services.app_dsl_service import AppDslService
 from services.app_service import AppService
 from services.enterprise.enterprise_service import EnterpriseService
-from services.entities.dsl_entities import ImportMode
+from services.entities.dsl_entities import ImportMode, ImportStatus
 from services.entities.knowledge_entities.knowledge_entities import (
     DataSource,
     InfoList,
@@ -161,15 +161,6 @@ def _to_timestamp(value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
     return value
 
 
-def _build_icon_url(icon_type: str | IconType | None, icon: str | None) -> str | None:
-    if icon is None or icon_type is None:
-        return None
-    icon_type_value = icon_type.value if isinstance(icon_type, IconType) else str(icon_type)
-    if icon_type_value.lower() != IconType.IMAGE:
-        return None
-    return file_helpers.get_signed_file_url(icon)
-
-
 class Tag(ResponseModel):
     id: str
     name: str
@@ -292,7 +283,7 @@ class Site(ResponseModel):
     @computed_field(return_type=str | None)  # type: ignore
     @property
     def icon_url(self) -> str | None:
-        return _build_icon_url(self.icon_type, self.icon)
+        return build_icon_url(self.icon_type, self.icon)
 
     @field_validator("icon_type", mode="before")
     @classmethod
@@ -342,7 +333,7 @@ class AppPartial(ResponseModel):
     @computed_field(return_type=str | None)  # type: ignore
     @property
     def icon_url(self) -> str | None:
-        return _build_icon_url(self.icon_type, self.icon)
+        return build_icon_url(self.icon_type, self.icon)
 
     @field_validator("created_at", "updated_at", mode="before")
     @classmethod
@@ -390,7 +381,7 @@ class AppDetailWithSite(AppDetail):
     @computed_field(return_type=str | None)  # type: ignore
     @property
     def icon_url(self) -> str | None:
-        return _build_icon_url(self.icon_type, self.icon)
+        return build_icon_url(self.icon_type, self.icon)
 
 
 class AppPagination(ResponseModel):
@@ -632,7 +623,7 @@ class AppCopyApi(Resource):
 
         args = CopyAppPayload.model_validate(console_ns.payload or {})
 
-        with sessionmaker(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False).begin() as session:
+        with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
             import_service = AppDslService(session)
             yaml_content = import_service.export_dsl(app_model=app_model, include_secret=True)
             result = import_service.import_app(
@@ -645,6 +636,13 @@ class AppCopyApi(Resource):
                 icon=args.icon,
                 icon_background=args.icon_background,
             )
+            if result.status == ImportStatus.FAILED:
+                session.rollback()
+                return result.model_dump(mode="json"), 400
+            if result.status == ImportStatus.PENDING:
+                session.rollback()
+                return result.model_dump(mode="json"), 202
+            session.commit()
 
             # Inherit web app permission from original app
             if result.app_id and FeatureService.get_system_features().webapp_auth.enabled:

api/controllers/console/app/app_import.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from flask_restx import Resource
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
-from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from controllers.common.schema import register_schema_models
 from controllers.console.app.wraps import get_app_model
@@ -52,8 +52,9 @@ class AppImportApi(Resource):
         current_user, _ = current_account_with_tenant()
         args = AppImportPayload.model_validate(console_ns.payload)
 
-        # Create service with session
-        with sessionmaker(db.engine).begin() as session:
+        # AppDslService performs internal commits for some creation paths, so use a plain
+        # Session here instead of nesting it inside sessionmaker(...).begin().
+        with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
             import_service = AppDslService(session)
             # Import app
             account = current_user
@@ -69,6 +70,10 @@ class AppImportApi(Resource):
                 icon_background=args.icon_background,
                 app_id=args.app_id,
             )
+            if result.status == ImportStatus.FAILED:
+                session.rollback()
+            else:
+                session.commit()
         if result.app_id and FeatureService.get_system_features().webapp_auth.enabled:
             # update web app setting as private
             EnterpriseService.WebAppAuth.update_app_access_mode(result.app_id, "private")
@@ -95,12 +100,15 @@ class AppImportConfirmApi(Resource):
         # Check user role first
         current_user, _ = current_account_with_tenant()
 
-        # Create service with session
-        with sessionmaker(db.engine).begin() as session:
+        with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
             import_service = AppDslService(session)
             # Confirm import
             account = current_user
             result = import_service.confirm_import(import_id=import_id, account=account)
+            if result.status == ImportStatus.FAILED:
+                session.rollback()
+            else:
+                session.commit()
 
         # Return appropriate status code based on result
         if result.status == ImportStatus.FAILED:
@@ -117,7 +125,7 @@ class AppImportCheckDependenciesApi(Resource):
     @account_initialization_required
     @edit_permission_required
     def get(self, app_model: App):
-        with sessionmaker(db.engine).begin() as session:
+        with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
             import_service = AppDslService(session)
             result = import_service.check_dependencies(app_model=app_model)
 

api/controllers/console/app/conversation_variables.py

@@ -1,44 +1,86 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Any
+
 from flask import request
-from flask_restx import Resource, fields, marshal_with
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from flask_restx import Resource
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator
 from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
 
+from controllers.common.schema import register_schema_models
 from controllers.console import console_ns
 from controllers.console.app.wraps import get_app_model
 from controllers.console.wraps import account_initialization_required, setup_required
 from extensions.ext_database import db
-from fields.conversation_variable_fields import (
-    conversation_variable_fields,
-    paginated_conversation_variable_fields,
-)
+from fields._value_type_serializer import serialize_value_type
+from fields.base import ResponseModel
 from libs.login import login_required
 from models import ConversationVariable
 from models.model import AppMode
 
-DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE_SWAGGER_2_0 = "#/definitions/{model}"
-
 
 class ConversationVariablesQuery(BaseModel):
     conversation_id: str = Field(..., description="Conversation ID to filter variables")
 
 
-console_ns.schema_model(
-    ConversationVariablesQuery.__name__,
-    ConversationVariablesQuery.model_json_schema(ref_template=DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE_SWAGGER_2_0),
-)
+def _to_timestamp(value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+    if isinstance(value, datetime):
+        return int(value.timestamp())
+    return value
 
-# Register models for flask_restx to avoid dict type issues in Swagger
-# Register base model first
-conversation_variable_model = console_ns.model("ConversationVariable", conversation_variable_fields)
 
-# For nested models, need to replace nested dict with registered model
-paginated_conversation_variable_fields_copy = paginated_conversation_variable_fields.copy()
-paginated_conversation_variable_fields_copy["data"] = fields.List(
-    fields.Nested(conversation_variable_model), attribute="data"
-)
-paginated_conversation_variable_model = console_ns.model(
-    "PaginatedConversationVariable", paginated_conversation_variable_fields_copy
+class ConversationVariableResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    name: str
+    value_type: str
+    value: str | None = None
+    description: str | None = None
+    created_at: int | None = None
+    updated_at: int | None = None
+
+    @field_validator("value_type", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_value_type(cls, value: Any) -> str:
+        exposed_type = getattr(value, "exposed_type", None)
+        if callable(exposed_type):
+            return str(exposed_type().value)
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return value
+        try:
+            return serialize_value_type(value)
+        except Exception:
+            return serialize_value_type({"value_type": value})
+
+    @field_validator("value", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_value(cls, value: Any | None) -> str | None:
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return value
+        return str(value)
+
+    @field_validator("created_at", "updated_at", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_timestamp(cls, value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+        return _to_timestamp(value)
+
+
+class PaginatedConversationVariableResponse(ResponseModel):
+    page: int
+    limit: int
+    total: int
+    has_more: bool
+    data: list[ConversationVariableResponse]
+
+
+register_schema_models(
+    console_ns,
+    ConversationVariablesQuery,
+    ConversationVariableResponse,
+    PaginatedConversationVariableResponse,
 )
 
 
@@ -48,12 +90,15 @@ class ConversationVariablesApi(Resource):
     @console_ns.doc(description="Get conversation variables for an application")
     @console_ns.doc(params={"app_id": "Application ID"})
     @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[ConversationVariablesQuery.__name__])
-    @console_ns.response(200, "Conversation variables retrieved successfully", paginated_conversation_variable_model)
+    @console_ns.response(
+        200,
+        "Conversation variables retrieved successfully",
+        console_ns.models[PaginatedConversationVariableResponse.__name__],
+    )
     @setup_required
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
     @get_app_model(mode=AppMode.ADVANCED_CHAT)
-    @marshal_with(paginated_conversation_variable_model)
     def get(self, app_model):
         args = ConversationVariablesQuery.model_validate(request.args.to_dict(flat=True))  # type: ignore
 
@@ -72,17 +117,22 @@ class ConversationVariablesApi(Resource):
         with sessionmaker(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False).begin() as session:
             rows = session.scalars(stmt).all()
 
-        return {
-            "page": page,
-            "limit": page_size,
-            "total": len(rows),
-            "has_more": False,
-            "data": [
-                {
-                    "created_at": row.created_at,
-                    "updated_at": row.updated_at,
-                    **row.to_variable().model_dump(),
-                }
-                for row in rows
-            ],
-        }
+        response = PaginatedConversationVariableResponse.model_validate(
+            {
+                "page": page,
+                "limit": page_size,
+                "total": len(rows),
+                "has_more": False,
+                "data": [
+                    ConversationVariableResponse.model_validate(
+                        {
+                            "created_at": row.created_at,
+                            "updated_at": row.updated_at,
+                            **row.to_variable().model_dump(),
+                        }
+                    )
+                    for row in rows
+                ],
+            }
+        )
+        return response.model_dump(mode="json")

api/controllers/console/app/mcp_server.py

@@ -26,13 +26,13 @@ def _to_timestamp(value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
 
 class MCPServerCreatePayload(BaseModel):
     description: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Server description")
-    parameters: dict = Field(..., description="Server parameters configuration")
+    parameters: dict[str, Any] = Field(..., description="Server parameters configuration")
 
 
 class MCPServerUpdatePayload(BaseModel):
     id: str = Field(..., description="Server ID")
     description: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Server description")
-    parameters: dict = Field(..., description="Server parameters configuration")
+    parameters: dict[str, Any] = Field(..., description="Server parameters configuration")
     status: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Server status")
 
 

api/controllers/console/app/message.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import logging
+from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Literal
 
 from flask import request
-from flask_restx import Resource, fields, marshal_with
+from flask_restx import Resource
 from graphon.model_runtime.errors.invoke import InvokeError
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator
 from sqlalchemy import exists, func, select
@@ -25,10 +26,21 @@ from controllers.console.wraps import (
     setup_required,
 )
 from core.app.entities.app_invoke_entities import InvokeFrom
+from core.entities.execution_extra_content import ExecutionExtraContentDomainModel
 from core.errors.error import ModelCurrentlyNotSupportError, ProviderTokenNotInitError, QuotaExceededError
 from extensions.ext_database import db
-from fields.raws import FilesContainedField
-from libs.helper import TimestampField, uuid_value
+from fields.base import ResponseModel
+from fields.conversation_fields import (
+    AgentThought,
+    ConversationAnnotation,
+    ConversationAnnotationHitHistory,
+    Feedback,
+    JSONValue,
+    MessageFile,
+    format_files_contained,
+    to_timestamp,
+)
+from libs.helper import uuid_value
 from libs.infinite_scroll_pagination import InfiniteScrollPagination
 from libs.login import current_account_with_tenant, login_required
 from models.enums import FeedbackFromSource, FeedbackRating
@@ -98,6 +110,51 @@ class SuggestedQuestionsResponse(BaseModel):
     data: list[str] = Field(description="Suggested question")
 
 
+class MessageDetailResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    conversation_id: str
+    inputs: dict[str, JSONValue]
+    query: str
+    message: JSONValue | None = None
+    message_tokens: int | None = None
+    answer: str = Field(validation_alias="re_sign_file_url_answer")
+    answer_tokens: int | None = None
+    provider_response_latency: float | None = None
+    from_source: str
+    from_end_user_id: str | None = None
+    from_account_id: str | None = None
+    feedbacks: list[Feedback] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    workflow_run_id: str | None = None
+    annotation: ConversationAnnotation | None = None
+    annotation_hit_history: ConversationAnnotationHitHistory | None = None
+    created_at: int | None = None
+    agent_thoughts: list[AgentThought] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    message_files: list[MessageFile] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    extra_contents: list[ExecutionExtraContentDomainModel] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    metadata: JSONValue | None = Field(default=None, validation_alias="message_metadata_dict")
+    status: str
+    error: str | None = None
+    parent_message_id: str | None = None
+
+    @field_validator("inputs", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_inputs(cls, value: JSONValue) -> JSONValue:
+        return format_files_contained(value)
+
+    @field_validator("created_at", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_created_at(cls, value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+        if isinstance(value, datetime):
+            return to_timestamp(value)
+        return value
+
+
+class MessageInfiniteScrollPaginationResponse(ResponseModel):
+    limit: int
+    has_more: bool
+    data: list[MessageDetailResponse]
+
+
 register_schema_models(
     console_ns,
     ChatMessagesQuery,
@@ -105,124 +162,8 @@ register_schema_models(
     FeedbackExportQuery,
     AnnotationCountResponse,
     SuggestedQuestionsResponse,
-)
-
-# Register models for flask_restx to avoid dict type issues in Swagger
-# Register in dependency order: base models first, then dependent models
-
-# Base models
-simple_account_model = console_ns.model(
-    "SimpleAccount",
-    {
-        "id": fields.String,
-        "name": fields.String,
-        "email": fields.String,
-    },
-)
-
-message_file_model = console_ns.model(
-    "MessageFile",
-    {
-        "id": fields.String,
-        "filename": fields.String,
-        "type": fields.String,
-        "url": fields.String,
-        "mime_type": fields.String,
-        "size": fields.Integer,
-        "transfer_method": fields.String,
-        "belongs_to": fields.String(default="user"),
-        "upload_file_id": fields.String(default=None),
-    },
-)
-
-agent_thought_model = console_ns.model(
-    "AgentThought",
-    {
-        "id": fields.String,
-        "chain_id": fields.String,
-        "message_id": fields.String,
-        "position": fields.Integer,
-        "thought": fields.String,
-        "tool": fields.String,
-        "tool_labels": fields.Raw,
-        "tool_input": fields.String,
-        "created_at": TimestampField,
-        "observation": fields.String,
-        "files": fields.List(fields.String),
-    },
-)
-
-# Models that depend on simple_account_model
-feedback_model = console_ns.model(
-    "Feedback",
-    {
-        "rating": fields.String,
-        "content": fields.String,
-        "from_source": fields.String,
-        "from_end_user_id": fields.String,
-        "from_account": fields.Nested(simple_account_model, allow_null=True),
-    },
-)
-
-annotation_model = console_ns.model(
-    "Annotation",
-    {
-        "id": fields.String,
-        "question": fields.String,
-        "content": fields.String,
-        "account": fields.Nested(simple_account_model, allow_null=True),
-        "created_at": TimestampField,
-    },
-)
-
-annotation_hit_history_model = console_ns.model(
-    "AnnotationHitHistory",
-    {
-        "annotation_id": fields.String(attribute="id"),
-        "annotation_create_account": fields.Nested(simple_account_model, allow_null=True),
-        "created_at": TimestampField,
-    },
-)
-
-# Message detail model that depends on multiple models
-message_detail_model = console_ns.model(
-    "MessageDetail",
-    {
-        "id": fields.String,
-        "conversation_id": fields.String,
-        "inputs": FilesContainedField,
-        "query": fields.String,
-        "message": fields.Raw,
-        "message_tokens": fields.Integer,
-        "answer": fields.String(attribute="re_sign_file_url_answer"),
-        "answer_tokens": fields.Integer,
-        "provider_response_latency": fields.Float,
-        "from_source": fields.String,
-        "from_end_user_id": fields.String,
-        "from_account_id": fields.String,
-        "feedbacks": fields.List(fields.Nested(feedback_model)),
-        "workflow_run_id": fields.String,
-        "annotation": fields.Nested(annotation_model, allow_null=True),
-        "annotation_hit_history": fields.Nested(annotation_hit_history_model, allow_null=True),
-        "created_at": TimestampField,
-        "agent_thoughts": fields.List(fields.Nested(agent_thought_model)),
-        "message_files": fields.List(fields.Nested(message_file_model)),
-        "extra_contents": fields.List(fields.Raw),
-        "metadata": fields.Raw(attribute="message_metadata_dict"),
-        "status": fields.String,
-        "error": fields.String,
-        "parent_message_id": fields.String,
-    },
-)
-
-# Message infinite scroll pagination model
-message_infinite_scroll_pagination_model = console_ns.model(
-    "MessageInfiniteScrollPagination",
-    {
-        "limit": fields.Integer,
-        "has_more": fields.Boolean,
-        "data": fields.List(fields.Nested(message_detail_model)),
-    },
+    MessageDetailResponse,
+    MessageInfiniteScrollPaginationResponse,
 )
 
 
@@ -232,13 +173,12 @@ class ChatMessageListApi(Resource):
     @console_ns.doc(description="Get chat messages for a conversation with pagination")
     @console_ns.doc(params={"app_id": "Application ID"})
     @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[ChatMessagesQuery.__name__])
-    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", message_infinite_scroll_pagination_model)
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", console_ns.models[MessageInfiniteScrollPaginationResponse.__name__])
     @console_ns.response(404, "Conversation not found")
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
     @setup_required
     @get_app_model(mode=[AppMode.CHAT, AppMode.AGENT_CHAT, AppMode.ADVANCED_CHAT])
-    @marshal_with(message_infinite_scroll_pagination_model)
     @edit_permission_required
     def get(self, app_model):
         args = ChatMessagesQuery.model_validate(request.args.to_dict())
@@ -298,7 +238,10 @@ class ChatMessageListApi(Resource):
         history_messages = list(reversed(history_messages))
         attach_message_extra_contents(history_messages)
 
-        return InfiniteScrollPagination(data=history_messages, limit=args.limit, has_more=has_more)
+        return MessageInfiniteScrollPaginationResponse.model_validate(
+            InfiniteScrollPagination(data=history_messages, limit=args.limit, has_more=has_more),
+            from_attributes=True,
+        ).model_dump(mode="json")
 
 
 @console_ns.route("/apps/<uuid:app_id>/feedbacks")
@@ -468,13 +411,12 @@ class MessageApi(Resource):
     @console_ns.doc("get_message")
     @console_ns.doc(description="Get message details by ID")
     @console_ns.doc(params={"app_id": "Application ID", "message_id": "Message ID"})
-    @console_ns.response(200, "Message retrieved successfully", message_detail_model)
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Message retrieved successfully", console_ns.models[MessageDetailResponse.__name__])
     @console_ns.response(404, "Message not found")
     @get_app_model
     @setup_required
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
-    @marshal_with(message_detail_model)
     def get(self, app_model, message_id: str):
         message_id = str(message_id)
 
@@ -486,4 +428,4 @@ class MessageApi(Resource):
             raise NotFound("Message Not Exists.")
 
         attach_message_extra_contents([message])
-        return message
+        return MessageDetailResponse.model_validate(message, from_attributes=True).model_dump(mode="json")

api/controllers/console/app/workflow.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from collections.abc import Sequence
 from typing import Any
 
 from flask import abort, request
-from flask_restx import Resource, fields, marshal_with
+from flask_restx import Resource, fields, marshal, marshal_with
 from graphon.enums import NodeType
 from graphon.file import File
 from graphon.graph_engine.manager import GraphEngineManager
@@ -942,7 +942,6 @@ class PublishedAllWorkflowApi(Resource):
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
     @get_app_model(mode=[AppMode.ADVANCED_CHAT, AppMode.WORKFLOW])
-    @marshal_with(workflow_pagination_model)
     @edit_permission_required
     def get(self, app_model: App):
         """
@@ -970,9 +969,10 @@ class PublishedAllWorkflowApi(Resource):
                 user_id=user_id,
                 named_only=named_only,
             )
+            serialized_workflows = marshal(workflows, workflow_fields_copy)
 
             return {
-                "items": workflows,
+                "items": serialized_workflows,
                 "page": page,
                 "limit": limit,
                 "has_more": has_more,

api/controllers/console/app/workflow_app_log.py

@@ -1,27 +1,26 @@
 from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Any
 
 from dateutil.parser import isoparse
 from flask import request
-from flask_restx import Resource, marshal_with
+from flask_restx import Resource
 from graphon.enums import WorkflowExecutionStatus
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator
 from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
 
+from controllers.common.schema import register_schema_models
 from controllers.console import console_ns
 from controllers.console.app.wraps import get_app_model
 from controllers.console.wraps import account_initialization_required, setup_required
 from extensions.ext_database import db
-from fields.workflow_app_log_fields import (
-    build_workflow_app_log_pagination_model,
-    build_workflow_archived_log_pagination_model,
-)
+from fields.base import ResponseModel
+from fields.end_user_fields import SimpleEndUser
+from fields.member_fields import SimpleAccount
 from libs.login import login_required
 from models import App
 from models.model import AppMode
 from services.workflow_app_service import WorkflowAppService
 
-DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE_SWAGGER_2_0 = "#/definitions/{model}"
-
 
 class WorkflowAppLogQuery(BaseModel):
     keyword: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Search keyword for filtering logs")
@@ -58,13 +57,113 @@ class WorkflowAppLogQuery(BaseModel):
         raise ValueError("Invalid boolean value for detail")
 
 
-console_ns.schema_model(
-    WorkflowAppLogQuery.__name__, WorkflowAppLogQuery.model_json_schema(ref_template=DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE_SWAGGER_2_0)
-)
+class WorkflowRunForLogResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    version: str | None = None
+    status: str | None = None
+    triggered_from: str | None = None
+    error: str | None = None
+    elapsed_time: float | None = None
+    total_tokens: int | None = None
+    total_steps: int | None = None
+    created_at: int | None = None
+    finished_at: int | None = None
+    exceptions_count: int | None = None
 
-# Register model for flask_restx to avoid dict type issues in Swagger
-workflow_app_log_pagination_model = build_workflow_app_log_pagination_model(console_ns)
-workflow_archived_log_pagination_model = build_workflow_archived_log_pagination_model(console_ns)
+    @field_validator("status", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_status(cls, value: Any) -> str | None:
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return value
+        return str(getattr(value, "value", value))
+
+    @field_validator("created_at", "finished_at", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_timestamp(cls, value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+        if isinstance(value, datetime):
+            return int(value.timestamp())
+        return value
+
+
+class WorkflowRunForArchivedLogResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    status: str | None = None
+    triggered_from: str | None = None
+    elapsed_time: float | None = None
+    total_tokens: int | None = None
+
+    @field_validator("status", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_status(cls, value: Any) -> str | None:
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return value
+        return str(getattr(value, "value", value))
+
+
+class WorkflowAppLogPartialResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    workflow_run: WorkflowRunForLogResponse | None = None
+    details: Any = None
+    created_from: str | None = None
+    created_by_role: str | None = None
+    created_by_account: SimpleAccount | None = None
+    created_by_end_user: SimpleEndUser | None = None
+    created_at: int | None = None
+
+    @field_validator("created_at", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_timestamp(cls, value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+        if isinstance(value, datetime):
+            return int(value.timestamp())
+        return value
+
+
+class WorkflowArchivedLogPartialResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    workflow_run: WorkflowRunForArchivedLogResponse | None = None
+    trigger_metadata: Any = None
+    created_by_account: SimpleAccount | None = None
+    created_by_end_user: SimpleEndUser | None = None
+    created_at: int | None = None
+
+    @field_validator("created_at", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_timestamp(cls, value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+        if isinstance(value, datetime):
+            return int(value.timestamp())
+        return value
+
+
+class WorkflowAppLogPaginationResponse(ResponseModel):
+    page: int
+    limit: int
+    total: int
+    has_more: bool
+    data: list[WorkflowAppLogPartialResponse]
+
+
+class WorkflowArchivedLogPaginationResponse(ResponseModel):
+    page: int
+    limit: int
+    total: int
+    has_more: bool
+    data: list[WorkflowArchivedLogPartialResponse]
+
+
+register_schema_models(
+    console_ns,
+    WorkflowAppLogQuery,
+    WorkflowRunForLogResponse,
+    WorkflowRunForArchivedLogResponse,
+    WorkflowAppLogPartialResponse,
+    WorkflowArchivedLogPartialResponse,
+    WorkflowAppLogPaginationResponse,
+    WorkflowArchivedLogPaginationResponse,
+)
 
 
 @console_ns.route("/apps/<uuid:app_id>/workflow-app-logs")
@@ -73,12 +172,15 @@ class WorkflowAppLogApi(Resource):
     @console_ns.doc(description="Get workflow application execution logs")
     @console_ns.doc(params={"app_id": "Application ID"})
     @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[WorkflowAppLogQuery.__name__])
-    @console_ns.response(200, "Workflow app logs retrieved successfully", workflow_app_log_pagination_model)
+    @console_ns.response(
+        200,
+        "Workflow app logs retrieved successfully",
+        console_ns.models[WorkflowAppLogPaginationResponse.__name__],
+    )
     @setup_required
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
     @get_app_model(mode=[AppMode.WORKFLOW])
-    @marshal_with(workflow_app_log_pagination_model)
     def get(self, app_model: App):
         """
         Get workflow app logs
@@ -87,7 +189,7 @@ class WorkflowAppLogApi(Resource):
 
         # get paginate workflow app logs
         workflow_app_service = WorkflowAppService()
-        with sessionmaker(db.engine).begin() as session:
+        with sessionmaker(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False).begin() as session:
             workflow_app_log_pagination = workflow_app_service.get_paginate_workflow_app_logs(
                 session=session,
                 app_model=app_model,
@@ -102,7 +204,9 @@ class WorkflowAppLogApi(Resource):
                 created_by_account=args.created_by_account,
             )
 
-            return workflow_app_log_pagination
+            return WorkflowAppLogPaginationResponse.model_validate(
+                workflow_app_log_pagination, from_attributes=True
+            ).model_dump(mode="json")
 
 
 @console_ns.route("/apps/<uuid:app_id>/workflow-archived-logs")
@@ -111,12 +215,15 @@ class WorkflowArchivedLogApi(Resource):
     @console_ns.doc(description="Get workflow archived execution logs")
     @console_ns.doc(params={"app_id": "Application ID"})
     @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[WorkflowAppLogQuery.__name__])
-    @console_ns.response(200, "Workflow archived logs retrieved successfully", workflow_archived_log_pagination_model)
+    @console_ns.response(
+        200,
+        "Workflow archived logs retrieved successfully",
+        console_ns.models[WorkflowArchivedLogPaginationResponse.__name__],
+    )
     @setup_required
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
     @get_app_model(mode=[AppMode.WORKFLOW])
-    @marshal_with(workflow_archived_log_pagination_model)
     def get(self, app_model: App):
         """
         Get workflow archived logs
@@ -124,7 +231,7 @@ class WorkflowArchivedLogApi(Resource):
         args = WorkflowAppLogQuery.model_validate(request.args.to_dict(flat=True))  # type: ignore
 
         workflow_app_service = WorkflowAppService()
-        with sessionmaker(db.engine).begin() as session:
+        with sessionmaker(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False).begin() as session:
             workflow_app_log_pagination = workflow_app_service.get_paginate_workflow_archive_logs(
                 session=session,
                 app_model=app_model,
@@ -132,4 +239,6 @@ class WorkflowArchivedLogApi(Resource):
                 limit=args.limit,
             )
 
-            return workflow_app_log_pagination
+            return WorkflowArchivedLogPaginationResponse.model_validate(
+                workflow_app_log_pagination, from_attributes=True
+            ).model_dump(mode="json")

api/controllers/console/app/workflow_run.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ from models import Account, App, AppMode, EndUser, WorkflowArchiveLog, WorkflowR
 from models.workflow import WorkflowRun
 from repositories.factory import DifyAPIRepositoryFactory
 from services.retention.workflow_run.constants import ARCHIVE_BUNDLE_NAME
-from services.workflow_run_service import WorkflowRunService
+from services.workflow_run_service import WorkflowRunListArgs, WorkflowRunService
 
 
 def _build_backstage_input_url(form_token: str | None) -> str | None:
@@ -214,7 +214,11 @@ class AdvancedChatAppWorkflowRunListApi(Resource):
         Get advanced chat app workflow run list
         """
         args_model = WorkflowRunListQuery.model_validate(request.args.to_dict(flat=True))  # type: ignore
-        args = args_model.model_dump(exclude_none=True)
+        args: WorkflowRunListArgs = {"limit": args_model.limit}
+        if args_model.last_id is not None:
+            args["last_id"] = args_model.last_id
+        if args_model.status is not None:
+            args["status"] = args_model.status
 
         # Default to DEBUGGING if not specified
         triggered_from = (
@@ -356,7 +360,11 @@ class WorkflowRunListApi(Resource):
         Get workflow run list
         """
         args_model = WorkflowRunListQuery.model_validate(request.args.to_dict(flat=True))  # type: ignore
-        args = args_model.model_dump(exclude_none=True)
+        args: WorkflowRunListArgs = {"limit": args_model.limit}
+        if args_model.last_id is not None:
+            args["last_id"] = args_model.last_id
+        if args_model.status is not None:
+            args["status"] = args_model.status
 
         # Default to DEBUGGING for workflow if not specified (backward compatibility)
         triggered_from = (

api/controllers/console/app/workflow_trigger.py

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 import logging
+from datetime import datetime
 
 from flask import request
-from flask_restx import Resource, fields, marshal_with
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from flask_restx import Resource
+from pydantic import BaseModel, field_validator
 from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
 from werkzeug.exceptions import NotFound
 
 from configs import dify_config
-from controllers.common.schema import get_or_create_model
+from controllers.common.schema import register_schema_models
 from extensions.ext_database import db
-from fields.workflow_trigger_fields import trigger_fields, triggers_list_fields, webhook_trigger_fields
+from fields.base import ResponseModel
 from libs.login import current_user, login_required
 from models.enums import AppTriggerStatus
 from models.model import Account, App, AppMode
@@ -21,15 +22,6 @@ from ..app.wraps import get_app_model
 from ..wraps import account_initialization_required, edit_permission_required, setup_required
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE_SWAGGER_2_0 = "#/definitions/{model}"
-
-trigger_model = get_or_create_model("WorkflowTrigger", trigger_fields)
-
-triggers_list_fields_copy = triggers_list_fields.copy()
-triggers_list_fields_copy["data"] = fields.List(fields.Nested(trigger_model))
-triggers_list_model = get_or_create_model("WorkflowTriggerList", triggers_list_fields_copy)
-
-webhook_trigger_model = get_or_create_model("WebhookTrigger", webhook_trigger_fields)
 
 
 class Parser(BaseModel):
@@ -41,10 +33,52 @@ class ParserEnable(BaseModel):
     enable_trigger: bool
 
 
-console_ns.schema_model(Parser.__name__, Parser.model_json_schema(ref_template=DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE_SWAGGER_2_0))
+class WorkflowTriggerResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    trigger_type: str
+    title: str
+    node_id: str
+    provider_name: str
+    icon: str
+    status: str
+    created_at: datetime | None = None
+    updated_at: datetime | None = None
 
-console_ns.schema_model(
-    ParserEnable.__name__, ParserEnable.model_json_schema(ref_template=DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE_SWAGGER_2_0)
+    @field_validator("id", "trigger_type", "title", "node_id", "provider_name", "icon", "status", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_string_fields(cls, value: object) -> str:
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return value
+        return str(value)
+
+
+class WorkflowTriggerListResponse(ResponseModel):
+    data: list[WorkflowTriggerResponse]
+
+
+class WebhookTriggerResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    webhook_id: str
+    webhook_url: str
+    webhook_debug_url: str
+    node_id: str
+    created_at: datetime | None = None
+
+    @field_validator("id", "webhook_id", "webhook_url", "webhook_debug_url", "node_id", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_string_fields(cls, value: object) -> str:
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return value
+        return str(value)
+
+
+register_schema_models(
+    console_ns,
+    Parser,
+    ParserEnable,
+    WorkflowTriggerResponse,
+    WorkflowTriggerListResponse,
+    WebhookTriggerResponse,
 )
 
 
@@ -57,14 +91,14 @@ class WebhookTriggerApi(Resource):
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
     @get_app_model(mode=AppMode.WORKFLOW)
-    @marshal_with(webhook_trigger_model)
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", console_ns.models[WebhookTriggerResponse.__name__])
     def get(self, app_model: App):
         """Get webhook trigger for a node"""
         args = Parser.model_validate(request.args.to_dict(flat=True))  # type: ignore
 
         node_id = args.node_id
 
-        with sessionmaker(db.engine).begin() as session:
+        with sessionmaker(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False).begin() as session:
             # Get webhook trigger for this app and node
             webhook_trigger = session.scalar(
                 select(WorkflowWebhookTrigger)
@@ -78,7 +112,7 @@ class WebhookTriggerApi(Resource):
             if not webhook_trigger:
                 raise NotFound("Webhook trigger not found for this node")
 
-            return webhook_trigger
+            return WebhookTriggerResponse.model_validate(webhook_trigger, from_attributes=True).model_dump(mode="json")
 
 
 @console_ns.route("/apps/<uuid:app_id>/triggers")
@@ -89,13 +123,13 @@ class AppTriggersApi(Resource):
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
     @get_app_model(mode=AppMode.WORKFLOW)
-    @marshal_with(triggers_list_model)
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", console_ns.models[WorkflowTriggerListResponse.__name__])
     def get(self, app_model: App):
         """Get app triggers list"""
         assert isinstance(current_user, Account)
         assert current_user.current_tenant_id is not None
 
-        with sessionmaker(db.engine).begin() as session:
+        with sessionmaker(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False).begin() as session:
             # Get all triggers for this app using select API
             triggers = (
                 session.execute(
@@ -118,7 +152,9 @@ class AppTriggersApi(Resource):
             else:
                 trigger.icon = ""  # type: ignore
 
-        return {"data": triggers}
+        return WorkflowTriggerListResponse.model_validate({"data": triggers}, from_attributes=True).model_dump(
+            mode="json"
+        )
 
 
 @console_ns.route("/apps/<uuid:app_id>/trigger-enable")
@@ -129,7 +165,7 @@ class AppTriggerEnableApi(Resource):
     @account_initialization_required
     @edit_permission_required
     @get_app_model(mode=AppMode.WORKFLOW)
-    @marshal_with(trigger_model)
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", console_ns.models[WorkflowTriggerResponse.__name__])
     def post(self, app_model: App):
         """Update app trigger (enable/disable)"""
         args = ParserEnable.model_validate(console_ns.payload)
@@ -160,4 +196,4 @@ class AppTriggerEnableApi(Resource):
         else:
             trigger.icon = ""  # type: ignore
 
-        return trigger
+        return WorkflowTriggerResponse.model_validate(trigger, from_attributes=True).model_dump(mode="json")

api/controllers/console/auth/activate.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from flask import request
 from flask_restx import Resource
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ class ActivatePayload(BaseModel):
 
 class ActivationCheckResponse(BaseModel):
     is_valid: bool = Field(description="Whether token is valid")
-    data: dict | None = Field(default=None, description="Activation data if valid")
+    data: dict[str, Any] | None = Field(default=None, description="Activation data if valid")
 
 
 class ActivationResponse(BaseModel):

api/controllers/console/auth/login.py

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
+import logging
+
 import flask_login
 from flask import make_response, request
 from flask_restx import Resource
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from werkzeug.exceptions import Unauthorized
 
 import services
 from configs import dify_config
@@ -42,12 +45,13 @@ from libs.token import (
 )
 from services.account_service import AccountService, InvitationDetailDict, RegisterService, TenantService
 from services.billing_service import BillingService
-from services.entities.auth_entities import LoginPayloadBase
+from services.entities.auth_entities import LoginFailureReason, LoginPayloadBase
 from services.errors.account import AccountRegisterError
 from services.errors.workspace import WorkSpaceNotAllowedCreateError, WorkspacesLimitExceededError
 from services.feature_service import FeatureService
 
 DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE_SWAGGER_2_0 = "#/definitions/{model}"
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class LoginPayload(LoginPayloadBase):
@@ -91,10 +95,12 @@ class LoginApi(Resource):
         normalized_email = request_email.lower()
 
         if dify_config.BILLING_ENABLED and BillingService.is_email_in_freeze(normalized_email):
+            _log_console_login_failure(email=normalized_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.ACCOUNT_IN_FREEZE)
             raise AccountInFreezeError()
 
         is_login_error_rate_limit = AccountService.is_login_error_rate_limit(normalized_email)
         if is_login_error_rate_limit:
+            _log_console_login_failure(email=normalized_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.LOGIN_RATE_LIMITED)
             raise EmailPasswordLoginLimitError()
 
         invite_token = args.invite_token
@@ -110,14 +116,20 @@ class LoginApi(Resource):
                 invitee_email = data.get("email") if data else None
                 invitee_email_normalized = invitee_email.lower() if isinstance(invitee_email, str) else invitee_email
                 if invitee_email_normalized != normalized_email:
+                    _log_console_login_failure(
+                        email=normalized_email,
+                        reason=LoginFailureReason.INVALID_INVITATION_EMAIL,
+                    )
                     raise InvalidEmailError()
             account = _authenticate_account_with_case_fallback(
                 request_email, normalized_email, args.password, invite_token
             )
         except services.errors.account.AccountLoginError:
+            _log_console_login_failure(email=normalized_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.ACCOUNT_BANNED)
             raise AccountBannedError()
         except services.errors.account.AccountPasswordError as exc:
             AccountService.add_login_error_rate_limit(normalized_email)
+            _log_console_login_failure(email=normalized_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.INVALID_CREDENTIALS)
             raise AuthenticationFailedError() from exc
         # SELF_HOSTED only have one workspace
         tenants = TenantService.get_join_tenants(account)
@@ -240,20 +252,27 @@ class EmailCodeLoginApi(Resource):
 
         token_data = AccountService.get_email_code_login_data(args.token)
         if token_data is None:
+            _log_console_login_failure(email=user_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.INVALID_EMAIL_CODE_TOKEN)
             raise InvalidTokenError()
 
         token_email = token_data.get("email")
         normalized_token_email = token_email.lower() if isinstance(token_email, str) else token_email
         if normalized_token_email != user_email:
+            _log_console_login_failure(email=user_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.EMAIL_CODE_EMAIL_MISMATCH)
             raise InvalidEmailError()
 
         if token_data["code"] != args.code:
+            _log_console_login_failure(email=user_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.INVALID_EMAIL_CODE)
             raise EmailCodeError()
 
         AccountService.revoke_email_code_login_token(args.token)
         try:
             account = _get_account_with_case_fallback(original_email)
+        except Unauthorized as exc:
+            _log_console_login_failure(email=user_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.ACCOUNT_BANNED)
+            raise AccountBannedError() from exc
         except AccountRegisterError:
+            _log_console_login_failure(email=user_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.ACCOUNT_IN_FREEZE)
             raise AccountInFreezeError()
         if account:
             tenants = TenantService.get_join_tenants(account)
@@ -279,6 +298,7 @@ class EmailCodeLoginApi(Resource):
             except WorkSpaceNotAllowedCreateError:
                 raise NotAllowedCreateWorkspace()
             except AccountRegisterError:
+                _log_console_login_failure(email=user_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.ACCOUNT_IN_FREEZE)
                 raise AccountInFreezeError()
             except WorkspacesLimitExceededError:
                 raise WorkspacesLimitExceeded()
@@ -336,3 +356,12 @@ def _authenticate_account_with_case_fallback(
         if original_email == normalized_email:
             raise
         return AccountService.authenticate(normalized_email, password, invite_token)
+
+
+def _log_console_login_failure(*, email: str, reason: LoginFailureReason) -> None:
+    logger.warning(
+        "Console login failed: email=%s reason=%s ip_address=%s",
+        email,
+        reason,
+        extract_remote_ip(request),
+    )

api/controllers/console/datasets/datasets_document.py

@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ class DocumentMetadataApi(DocumentResource):
 
         if not isinstance(doc_metadata, dict):
             raise ValueError("doc_metadata must be a dictionary.")
-        metadata_schema: dict = cast(dict, DocumentService.DOCUMENT_METADATA_SCHEMA[doc_type])
+        metadata_schema: dict[str, Any] = cast(dict[str, Any], DocumentService.DOCUMENT_METADATA_SCHEMA[doc_type])
 
         document.doc_metadata = {}
         if doc_type == "others":

api/controllers/console/datasets/hit_testing.py

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-from flask_restx import Resource, fields
+from __future__ import annotations
 
-from controllers.common.schema import register_schema_model
-from fields.hit_testing_fields import (
-    child_chunk_fields,
-    document_fields,
-    files_fields,
-    hit_testing_record_fields,
-    segment_fields,
-)
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Any
+
+from flask_restx import Resource
+from pydantic import Field, field_validator
+
+from controllers.common.schema import register_schema_models
+from fields.base import ResponseModel
 from libs.login import login_required
 
 from .. import console_ns
@@ -18,39 +18,92 @@ from ..wraps import (
     setup_required,
 )
 
-register_schema_model(console_ns, HitTestingPayload)
+
+def _to_timestamp(value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+    if isinstance(value, datetime):
+        return int(value.timestamp())
+    return value
 
 
-def _get_or_create_model(model_name: str, field_def):
-    """Get or create a flask_restx model to avoid dict type issues in Swagger."""
-    existing = console_ns.models.get(model_name)
-    if existing is None:
-        existing = console_ns.model(model_name, field_def)
-    return existing
+class HitTestingDocument(ResponseModel):
+    id: str | None = None
+    data_source_type: str | None = None
+    name: str | None = None
+    doc_type: str | None = None
+    doc_metadata: Any | None = None
 
 
-# Register models for flask_restx to avoid dict type issues in Swagger
-document_model = _get_or_create_model("HitTestingDocument", document_fields)
+class HitTestingSegment(ResponseModel):
+    id: str | None = None
+    position: int | None = None
+    document_id: str | None = None
+    content: str | None = None
+    sign_content: str | None = None
+    answer: str | None = None
+    word_count: int | None = None
+    tokens: int | None = None
+    keywords: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    index_node_id: str | None = None
+    index_node_hash: str | None = None
+    hit_count: int | None = None
+    enabled: bool | None = None
+    disabled_at: int | None = None
+    disabled_by: str | None = None
+    status: str | None = None
+    created_by: str | None = None
+    created_at: int | None = None
+    indexing_at: int | None = None
+    completed_at: int | None = None
+    error: str | None = None
+    stopped_at: int | None = None
+    document: HitTestingDocument | None = None
 
-segment_fields_copy = segment_fields.copy()
-segment_fields_copy["document"] = fields.Nested(document_model)
-segment_model = _get_or_create_model("HitTestingSegment", segment_fields_copy)
+    @field_validator("disabled_at", "created_at", "indexing_at", "completed_at", "stopped_at", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_timestamp(cls, value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+        return _to_timestamp(value)
 
-child_chunk_model = _get_or_create_model("HitTestingChildChunk", child_chunk_fields)
-files_model = _get_or_create_model("HitTestingFile", files_fields)
 
-hit_testing_record_fields_copy = hit_testing_record_fields.copy()
-hit_testing_record_fields_copy["segment"] = fields.Nested(segment_model)
-hit_testing_record_fields_copy["child_chunks"] = fields.List(fields.Nested(child_chunk_model))
-hit_testing_record_fields_copy["files"] = fields.List(fields.Nested(files_model))
-hit_testing_record_model = _get_or_create_model("HitTestingRecord", hit_testing_record_fields_copy)
+class HitTestingChildChunk(ResponseModel):
+    id: str | None = None
+    content: str | None = None
+    position: int | None = None
+    score: float | None = None
 
-# Response model for hit testing API
-hit_testing_response_fields = {
-    "query": fields.String,
-    "records": fields.List(fields.Nested(hit_testing_record_model)),
-}
-hit_testing_response_model = _get_or_create_model("HitTestingResponse", hit_testing_response_fields)
+
+class HitTestingFile(ResponseModel):
+    id: str | None = None
+    name: str | None = None
+    size: int | None = None
+    extension: str | None = None
+    mime_type: str | None = None
+    source_url: str | None = None
+
+
+class HitTestingRecord(ResponseModel):
+    segment: HitTestingSegment | None = None
+    child_chunks: list[HitTestingChildChunk] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    score: float | None = None
+    tsne_position: Any | None = None
+    files: list[HitTestingFile] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    summary: str | None = None
+
+
+class HitTestingResponse(ResponseModel):
+    query: str
+    records: list[HitTestingRecord] = Field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+register_schema_models(
+    console_ns,
+    HitTestingPayload,
+    HitTestingDocument,
+    HitTestingSegment,
+    HitTestingChildChunk,
+    HitTestingFile,
+    HitTestingRecord,
+    HitTestingResponse,
+)
 
 
 @console_ns.route("/datasets/<uuid:dataset_id>/hit-testing")
@@ -59,7 +112,11 @@ class HitTestingApi(Resource, DatasetsHitTestingBase):
     @console_ns.doc(description="Test dataset knowledge retrieval")
     @console_ns.doc(params={"dataset_id": "Dataset ID"})
     @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[HitTestingPayload.__name__])
-    @console_ns.response(200, "Hit testing completed successfully", model=hit_testing_response_model)
+    @console_ns.response(
+        200,
+        "Hit testing completed successfully",
+        model=console_ns.models[HitTestingResponse.__name__],
+    )
     @console_ns.response(404, "Dataset not found")
     @console_ns.response(400, "Invalid parameters")
     @setup_required
@@ -74,4 +131,4 @@ class HitTestingApi(Resource, DatasetsHitTestingBase):
         args = payload.model_dump(exclude_none=True)
         self.hit_testing_args_check(args)
 
-        return self.perform_hit_testing(dataset, args)
+        return HitTestingResponse.model_validate(self.perform_hit_testing(dataset, args)).model_dump(mode="json")

api/controllers/console/explore/installed_app.py

@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
 import logging
+from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Any
 
 from flask import request
-from flask_restx import Resource, fields, marshal_with
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from flask_restx import Resource
+from graphon.file import helpers as file_helpers
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, computed_field, field_validator
 from sqlalchemy import and_, select
 from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest, Forbidden, NotFound
 
-from controllers.common.schema import get_or_create_model
+from controllers.common.schema import register_schema_models
 from controllers.console import console_ns
 from controllers.console.explore.wraps import InstalledAppResource
 from controllers.console.wraps import account_initialization_required, cloud_edition_billing_resource_check
 from extensions.ext_database import db
-from fields.installed_app_fields import app_fields, installed_app_fields, installed_app_list_fields
+from fields.base import ResponseModel
 from libs.datetime_utils import naive_utc_now
 from libs.login import current_account_with_tenant, login_required
 from models import App, InstalledApp, RecommendedApp
+from models.model import IconType
 from services.account_service import TenantService
 from services.enterprise.enterprise_service import EnterpriseService
 from services.feature_service import FeatureService
@@ -36,22 +39,97 @@ class InstalledAppsListQuery(BaseModel):
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-app_model = get_or_create_model("InstalledAppInfo", app_fields)
+def _build_icon_url(icon_type: str | IconType | None, icon: str | None) -> str | None:
+    if icon is None or icon_type is None:
+        return None
+    icon_type_value = icon_type.value if isinstance(icon_type, IconType) else str(icon_type)
+    if icon_type_value.lower() != IconType.IMAGE:
+        return None
+    return file_helpers.get_signed_file_url(icon)
 
-installed_app_fields_copy = installed_app_fields.copy()
-installed_app_fields_copy["app"] = fields.Nested(app_model)
-installed_app_model = get_or_create_model("InstalledApp", installed_app_fields_copy)
 
-installed_app_list_fields_copy = installed_app_list_fields.copy()
-installed_app_list_fields_copy["installed_apps"] = fields.List(fields.Nested(installed_app_model))
-installed_app_list_model = get_or_create_model("InstalledAppList", installed_app_list_fields_copy)
+def _safe_primitive(value: Any) -> Any:
+    if value is None or isinstance(value, (str, int, float, bool, datetime)):
+        return value
+    return None
+
+
+class InstalledAppInfoResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    name: str | None = None
+    mode: str | None = None
+    icon_type: str | None = None
+    icon: str | None = None
+    icon_background: str | None = None
+    use_icon_as_answer_icon: bool | None = None
+
+    @field_validator("mode", "icon_type", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_enum_like(cls, value: Any) -> str | None:
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return value
+        return str(getattr(value, "value", value))
+
+    @computed_field(return_type=str | None)  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def icon_url(self) -> str | None:
+        return _build_icon_url(self.icon_type, self.icon)
+
+
+class InstalledAppResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    app: InstalledAppInfoResponse
+    app_owner_tenant_id: str
+    is_pinned: bool
+    last_used_at: int | None = None
+    editable: bool
+    uninstallable: bool
+
+    @field_validator("app", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_app(cls, value: Any) -> Any:
+        if isinstance(value, dict):
+            return value
+        return {
+            "id": _safe_primitive(getattr(value, "id", "")) or "",
+            "name": _safe_primitive(getattr(value, "name", None)),
+            "mode": _safe_primitive(getattr(value, "mode", None)),
+            "icon_type": _safe_primitive(getattr(value, "icon_type", None)),
+            "icon": _safe_primitive(getattr(value, "icon", None)),
+            "icon_background": _safe_primitive(getattr(value, "icon_background", None)),
+            "use_icon_as_answer_icon": _safe_primitive(getattr(value, "use_icon_as_answer_icon", None)),
+        }
+
+    @field_validator("last_used_at", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_timestamp(cls, value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+        if isinstance(value, datetime):
+            return int(value.timestamp())
+        return value
+
+
+class InstalledAppListResponse(ResponseModel):
+    installed_apps: list[InstalledAppResponse]
+
+
+register_schema_models(
+    console_ns,
+    InstalledAppCreatePayload,
+    InstalledAppUpdatePayload,
+    InstalledAppsListQuery,
+    InstalledAppInfoResponse,
+    InstalledAppResponse,
+    InstalledAppListResponse,
+)
 
 
 @console_ns.route("/installed-apps")
 class InstalledAppsListApi(Resource):
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
-    @marshal_with(installed_app_list_model)
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", console_ns.models[InstalledAppListResponse.__name__])
     def get(self):
         query = InstalledAppsListQuery.model_validate(request.args.to_dict())
         current_user, current_tenant_id = current_account_with_tenant()
@@ -125,7 +203,9 @@ class InstalledAppsListApi(Resource):
             )
         )
 
-        return {"installed_apps": installed_app_list}
+        return InstalledAppListResponse.model_validate(
+            {"installed_apps": installed_app_list}, from_attributes=True
+        ).model_dump(mode="json")
 
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required

api/controllers/console/explore/recommended_app.py

@@ -1,66 +1,83 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from flask import request
-from flask_restx import Resource, fields, marshal_with
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from flask_restx import Resource
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, computed_field, field_validator
 
 from constants.languages import languages
-from controllers.common.schema import get_or_create_model
+from controllers.common.schema import register_schema_models
 from controllers.console import console_ns
 from controllers.console.wraps import account_initialization_required
-from libs.helper import AppIconUrlField
+from fields.base import ResponseModel
+from libs.helper import build_icon_url
 from libs.login import current_user, login_required
 from services.recommended_app_service import RecommendedAppService
 
-app_fields = {
-    "id": fields.String,
-    "name": fields.String,
-    "mode": fields.String,
-    "icon": fields.String,
-    "icon_type": fields.String,
-    "icon_url": AppIconUrlField,
-    "icon_background": fields.String,
-}
-
-app_model = get_or_create_model("RecommendedAppInfo", app_fields)
-
-recommended_app_fields = {
-    "app": fields.Nested(app_model, attribute="app"),
-    "app_id": fields.String,
-    "description": fields.String(attribute="description"),
-    "copyright": fields.String,
-    "privacy_policy": fields.String,
-    "custom_disclaimer": fields.String,
-    "category": fields.String,
-    "position": fields.Integer,
-    "is_listed": fields.Boolean,
-    "can_trial": fields.Boolean,
-}
-
-recommended_app_model = get_or_create_model("RecommendedApp", recommended_app_fields)
-
-recommended_app_list_fields = {
-    "recommended_apps": fields.List(fields.Nested(recommended_app_model)),
-    "categories": fields.List(fields.String),
-}
-
-recommended_app_list_model = get_or_create_model("RecommendedAppList", recommended_app_list_fields)
-
 
 class RecommendedAppsQuery(BaseModel):
     language: str | None = Field(default=None)
 
 
-console_ns.schema_model(
-    RecommendedAppsQuery.__name__,
-    RecommendedAppsQuery.model_json_schema(ref_template="#/definitions/{model}"),
+class RecommendedAppInfoResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    name: str | None = None
+    mode: str | None = None
+    icon: str | None = None
+    icon_type: str | None = None
+    icon_background: str | None = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _normalize_enum_like(value: Any) -> str | None:
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return value
+        return str(getattr(value, "value", value))
+
+    @field_validator("mode", "icon_type", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_enum_fields(cls, value: Any) -> str | None:
+        return cls._normalize_enum_like(value)
+
+    @computed_field(return_type=str | None)  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def icon_url(self) -> str | None:
+        return build_icon_url(self.icon_type, self.icon)
+
+
+class RecommendedAppResponse(ResponseModel):
+    app: RecommendedAppInfoResponse | None = None
+    app_id: str
+    description: str | None = None
+    copyright: str | None = None
+    privacy_policy: str | None = None
+    custom_disclaimer: str | None = None
+    category: str | None = None
+    position: int | None = None
+    is_listed: bool | None = None
+    can_trial: bool | None = None
+
+
+class RecommendedAppListResponse(ResponseModel):
+    recommended_apps: list[RecommendedAppResponse]
+    categories: list[str]
+
+
+register_schema_models(
+    console_ns,
+    RecommendedAppsQuery,
+    RecommendedAppInfoResponse,
+    RecommendedAppResponse,
+    RecommendedAppListResponse,
 )
 
 
 @console_ns.route("/explore/apps")
 class RecommendedAppListApi(Resource):
     @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[RecommendedAppsQuery.__name__])
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", console_ns.models[RecommendedAppListResponse.__name__])
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
-    @marshal_with(recommended_app_list_model)
     def get(self):
         # language args
         args = RecommendedAppsQuery.model_validate(request.args.to_dict(flat=True))  # type: ignore
@@ -72,7 +89,10 @@ class RecommendedAppListApi(Resource):
         else:
             language_prefix = languages[0]
 
-        return RecommendedAppService.get_recommended_apps_and_categories(language_prefix)
+        return RecommendedAppListResponse.model_validate(
+            RecommendedAppService.get_recommended_apps_and_categories(language_prefix),
+            from_attributes=True,
+        ).model_dump(mode="json")
 
 
 @console_ns.route("/explore/apps/<uuid:app_id>")

api/controllers/console/explore/trial.py

@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ console_ns.schema_model(
 
 
 class TrialAppWorkflowRunApi(TrialAppResource):
+    @trial_feature_enable
     @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[WorkflowRunRequest.__name__])
     def post(self, trial_app):
         """
@@ -210,6 +211,7 @@ class TrialAppWorkflowRunApi(TrialAppResource):
 
 
 class TrialAppWorkflowTaskStopApi(TrialAppResource):
+    @trial_feature_enable
     def post(self, trial_app, task_id: str):
         """
         Stop workflow task
@@ -290,7 +292,6 @@ class TrialChatApi(TrialAppResource):
 
 
 class TrialMessageSuggestedQuestionApi(TrialAppResource):
-    @trial_feature_enable
     def get(self, trial_app, message_id):
         app_model = trial_app
         app_mode = AppMode.value_of(app_model.mode)
@@ -470,7 +471,6 @@ class TrialCompletionApi(TrialAppResource):
 class TrialSitApi(Resource):
     """Resource for trial app sites."""
 
-    @trial_feature_enable
     @get_app_model_with_trial(None)
     def get(self, app_model):
         """Retrieve app site info.
@@ -492,7 +492,6 @@ class TrialSitApi(Resource):
 class TrialAppParameterApi(Resource):
     """Resource for app variables."""
 
-    @trial_feature_enable
     @get_app_model_with_trial(None)
     def get(self, app_model):
         """Retrieve app parameters."""
@@ -521,7 +520,6 @@ class TrialAppParameterApi(Resource):
 
 
 class AppApi(Resource):
-    @trial_feature_enable
     @get_app_model_with_trial(None)
     @marshal_with(app_detail_with_site_model)
     def get(self, app_model):
@@ -534,7 +532,6 @@ class AppApi(Resource):
 
 
 class AppWorkflowApi(Resource):
-    @trial_feature_enable
     @get_app_model_with_trial(None)
     @marshal_with(workflow_model)
     def get(self, app_model):
@@ -547,7 +544,6 @@ class AppWorkflowApi(Resource):
 
 
 class DatasetListApi(Resource):
-    @trial_feature_enable
     @get_app_model_with_trial(None)
     def get(self, app_model):
         page = request.args.get("page", default=1, type=int)

api/controllers/console/extension.py

@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Any
+
 from flask import request
-from flask_restx import Resource, fields, marshal_with
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from flask_restx import Resource
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, TypeAdapter, field_validator
 
 from constants import HIDDEN_VALUE
-from fields.api_based_extension_fields import api_based_extension_fields
+from fields.base import ResponseModel
 from libs.login import current_account_with_tenant, login_required
 from models.api_based_extension import APIBasedExtension
 from services.api_based_extension_service import APIBasedExtensionService
 from services.code_based_extension_service import CodeBasedExtensionService
 
-from ..common.schema import register_schema_models
+from ..common.schema import DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE_SWAGGER_2_0, register_schema_models
 from . import console_ns
 from .wraps import account_initialization_required, setup_required
 
@@ -24,12 +27,52 @@ class APIBasedExtensionPayload(BaseModel):
     api_key: str = Field(description="API key for authentication")
 
 
-register_schema_models(console_ns, APIBasedExtensionPayload)
+class CodeBasedExtensionResponse(ResponseModel):
+    module: str = Field(description="Module name")
+    data: Any = Field(description="Extension data")
 
 
-api_based_extension_model = console_ns.model("ApiBasedExtensionModel", api_based_extension_fields)
+def _mask_api_key(api_key: str) -> str:
+    if not api_key:
+        return api_key
+    if len(api_key) <= 8:
+        return api_key[0] + "******" + api_key[-1]
+    return api_key[:3] + "******" + api_key[-3:]
 
-api_based_extension_list_model = fields.List(fields.Nested(api_based_extension_model))
+
+def _to_timestamp(value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+    if isinstance(value, datetime):
+        return int(value.timestamp())
+    return value
+
+
+class APIBasedExtensionResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    name: str
+    api_endpoint: str
+    api_key: str
+    created_at: int | None = None
+
+    @field_validator("api_key", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_api_key(cls, value: str) -> str:
+        return _mask_api_key(value)
+
+    @field_validator("created_at", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_created_at(cls, value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+        return _to_timestamp(value)
+
+
+register_schema_models(console_ns, APIBasedExtensionPayload, CodeBasedExtensionResponse, APIBasedExtensionResponse)
+console_ns.schema_model(
+    "APIBasedExtensionListResponse",
+    TypeAdapter(list[APIBasedExtensionResponse]).json_schema(ref_template=DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE_SWAGGER_2_0),
+)
+
+
+def _serialize_api_based_extension(extension: APIBasedExtension) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    return APIBasedExtensionResponse.model_validate(extension, from_attributes=True).model_dump(mode="json")
 
 
 @console_ns.route("/code-based-extension")
@@ -40,10 +83,7 @@ class CodeBasedExtensionAPI(Resource):
     @console_ns.response(
         200,
         "Success",
-        console_ns.model(
-            "CodeBasedExtensionResponse",
-            {"module": fields.String(description="Module name"), "data": fields.Raw(description="Extension data")},
-        ),
+        console_ns.models[CodeBasedExtensionResponse.__name__],
     )
     @setup_required
     @login_required
@@ -51,30 +91,34 @@ class CodeBasedExtensionAPI(Resource):
     def get(self):
         query = CodeBasedExtensionQuery.model_validate(request.args.to_dict(flat=True))  # type: ignore
 
-        return {"module": query.module, "data": CodeBasedExtensionService.get_code_based_extension(query.module)}
+        return CodeBasedExtensionResponse(
+            module=query.module,
+            data=CodeBasedExtensionService.get_code_based_extension(query.module),
+        ).model_dump(mode="json")
 
 
 @console_ns.route("/api-based-extension")
 class APIBasedExtensionAPI(Resource):
     @console_ns.doc("get_api_based_extensions")
     @console_ns.doc(description="Get all API-based extensions for current tenant")
-    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", api_based_extension_list_model)
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", console_ns.models["APIBasedExtensionListResponse"])
     @setup_required
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
-    @marshal_with(api_based_extension_model)
     def get(self):
         _, tenant_id = current_account_with_tenant()
-        return APIBasedExtensionService.get_all_by_tenant_id(tenant_id)
+        return [
+            _serialize_api_based_extension(extension)
+            for extension in APIBasedExtensionService.get_all_by_tenant_id(tenant_id)
+        ]
 
     @console_ns.doc("create_api_based_extension")
     @console_ns.doc(description="Create a new API-based extension")
     @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[APIBasedExtensionPayload.__name__])
-    @console_ns.response(201, "Extension created successfully", api_based_extension_model)
+    @console_ns.response(201, "Extension created successfully", console_ns.models[APIBasedExtensionResponse.__name__])
     @setup_required
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
-    @marshal_with(api_based_extension_model)
     def post(self):
         payload = APIBasedExtensionPayload.model_validate(console_ns.payload or {})
         _, current_tenant_id = current_account_with_tenant()
@@ -86,7 +130,7 @@ class APIBasedExtensionAPI(Resource):
             api_key=payload.api_key,
         )
 
-        return APIBasedExtensionService.save(extension_data)
+        return _serialize_api_based_extension(APIBasedExtensionService.save(extension_data))
 
 
 @console_ns.route("/api-based-extension/<uuid:id>")
@@ -94,26 +138,26 @@ class APIBasedExtensionDetailAPI(Resource):
     @console_ns.doc("get_api_based_extension")
     @console_ns.doc(description="Get API-based extension by ID")
     @console_ns.doc(params={"id": "Extension ID"})
-    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", api_based_extension_model)
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", console_ns.models[APIBasedExtensionResponse.__name__])
     @setup_required
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
-    @marshal_with(api_based_extension_model)
     def get(self, id):
         api_based_extension_id = str(id)
         _, tenant_id = current_account_with_tenant()
 
-        return APIBasedExtensionService.get_with_tenant_id(tenant_id, api_based_extension_id)
+        return _serialize_api_based_extension(
+            APIBasedExtensionService.get_with_tenant_id(tenant_id, api_based_extension_id)
+        )
 
     @console_ns.doc("update_api_based_extension")
     @console_ns.doc(description="Update API-based extension")
     @console_ns.doc(params={"id": "Extension ID"})
     @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[APIBasedExtensionPayload.__name__])
-    @console_ns.response(200, "Extension updated successfully", api_based_extension_model)
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Extension updated successfully", console_ns.models[APIBasedExtensionResponse.__name__])
     @setup_required
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
-    @marshal_with(api_based_extension_model)
     def post(self, id):
         api_based_extension_id = str(id)
         _, current_tenant_id = current_account_with_tenant()
@@ -128,7 +172,7 @@ class APIBasedExtensionDetailAPI(Resource):
         if payload.api_key != HIDDEN_VALUE:
             extension_data_from_db.api_key = payload.api_key
 
-        return APIBasedExtensionService.save(extension_data_from_db)
+        return _serialize_api_based_extension(APIBasedExtensionService.save(extension_data_from_db))
 
     @console_ns.doc("delete_api_based_extension")
     @console_ns.doc(description="Delete API-based extension")

api/controllers/console/notification.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from collections.abc import Mapping
 from typing import TypedDict
 
 from flask import request
@@ -13,6 +14,14 @@ from services.billing_service import BillingService
 _FALLBACK_LANG = "en-US"
 
 
+class NotificationLangContent(TypedDict, total=False):
+    lang: str
+    title: str
+    subtitle: str
+    body: str
+    titlePicUrl: str
+
+
 class NotificationItemDict(TypedDict):
     notification_id: str | None
     frequency: str | None
@@ -28,9 +37,11 @@ class NotificationResponseDict(TypedDict):
     notifications: list[NotificationItemDict]
 
 
-def _pick_lang_content(contents: dict, lang: str) -> dict:
+def _pick_lang_content(contents: Mapping[str, NotificationLangContent], lang: str) -> NotificationLangContent:
     """Return the single LangContent for *lang*, falling back to English."""
-    return contents.get(lang) or contents.get(_FALLBACK_LANG) or next(iter(contents.values()), {})
+    return (
+        contents.get(lang) or contents.get(_FALLBACK_LANG) or next(iter(contents.values()), NotificationLangContent())
+    )
 
 
 class DismissNotificationPayload(BaseModel):
@@ -71,7 +82,7 @@ class NotificationApi(Resource):
 
         notifications: list[NotificationItemDict] = []
         for notification in result.get("notifications") or []:
-            contents: dict = notification.get("contents") or {}
+            contents: Mapping[str, NotificationLangContent] = notification.get("contents") or {}
             lang_content = _pick_lang_content(contents, lang)
             item: NotificationItemDict = {
                 "notification_id": notification.get("notificationId"),

api/controllers/console/tag/tags.py

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 from typing import Literal
 
 from flask import request
-from flask_restx import Namespace, Resource, fields, marshal_with
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from flask_restx import Resource
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator
 from werkzeug.exceptions import Forbidden
 
 from controllers.common.schema import register_schema_models
 from controllers.console import console_ns
 from controllers.console.wraps import account_initialization_required, edit_permission_required, setup_required
+from fields.base import ResponseModel
 from libs.login import current_account_with_tenant, login_required
 from models.enums import TagType
 from services.tag_service import (
@@ -18,17 +19,6 @@ from services.tag_service import (
     UpdateTagPayload,
 )
 
-dataset_tag_fields = {
-    "id": fields.String,
-    "name": fields.String,
-    "type": fields.String,
-    "binding_count": fields.String,
-}
-
-
-def build_dataset_tag_fields(api_or_ns: Namespace):
-    return api_or_ns.model("DataSetTag", dataset_tag_fields)
-
 
 class TagBasePayload(BaseModel):
     name: str = Field(description="Tag name", min_length=1, max_length=50)
@@ -52,12 +42,36 @@ class TagListQueryParam(BaseModel):
     keyword: str | None = Field(None, description="Search keyword")
 
 
+class TagResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    name: str
+    type: str | None = None
+    binding_count: str | None = None
+
+    @field_validator("type", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def normalize_type(cls, value: TagType | str | None) -> str | None:
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        if isinstance(value, TagType):
+            return value.value
+        return value
+
+    @field_validator("binding_count", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def normalize_binding_count(cls, value: int | str | None) -> str | None:
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        return str(value)
+
+
 register_schema_models(
     console_ns,
     TagBasePayload,
     TagBindingPayload,
     TagBindingRemovePayload,
     TagListQueryParam,
+    TagResponse,
 )
 
 
@@ -69,14 +83,18 @@ class TagListApi(Resource):
     @console_ns.doc(
         params={"type": 'Tag type filter. Can be "knowledge" or "app".', "keyword": "Search keyword for tag name."}
     )
-    @marshal_with(dataset_tag_fields)
+    @console_ns.doc(responses={200: ("Success", [console_ns.models[TagResponse.__name__]])})
     def get(self):
         _, current_tenant_id = current_account_with_tenant()
         raw_args = request.args.to_dict()
         param = TagListQueryParam.model_validate(raw_args)
         tags = TagService.get_tags(param.type, current_tenant_id, param.keyword)
 
-        return tags, 200
+        serialized_tags = [
+            TagResponse.model_validate(tag, from_attributes=True).model_dump(mode="json") for tag in tags
+        ]
+
+        return serialized_tags, 200
 
     @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[TagBasePayload.__name__])
     @setup_required
@@ -91,7 +109,9 @@ class TagListApi(Resource):
         payload = TagBasePayload.model_validate(console_ns.payload or {})
         tag = TagService.save_tags(SaveTagPayload(name=payload.name, type=payload.type))
 
-        response = {"id": tag.id, "name": tag.name, "type": tag.type, "binding_count": 0}
+        response = TagResponse.model_validate(
+            {"id": tag.id, "name": tag.name, "type": tag.type, "binding_count": 0}
+        ).model_dump(mode="json")
 
         return response, 200
 
@@ -114,7 +134,9 @@ class TagUpdateDeleteApi(Resource):
 
         binding_count = TagService.get_tag_binding_count(tag_id)
 
-        response = {"id": tag.id, "name": tag.name, "type": tag.type, "binding_count": binding_count}
+        response = TagResponse.model_validate(
+            {"id": tag.id, "name": tag.name, "type": tag.type, "binding_count": binding_count}
+        ).model_dump(mode="json")
 
         return response, 200
 

api/controllers/console/workspace/__init__.py

@@ -35,22 +35,24 @@ def plugin_permission_required(
                     return view(*args, **kwargs)
 
                 if install_required:
-                    if permission.install_permission == TenantPluginPermission.InstallPermission.NOBODY:
-                        raise Forbidden()
-                    if permission.install_permission == TenantPluginPermission.InstallPermission.ADMINS:
-                        if not user.is_admin_or_owner:
+                    match permission.install_permission:
+                        case TenantPluginPermission.InstallPermission.NOBODY:
                             raise Forbidden()
-                    if permission.install_permission == TenantPluginPermission.InstallPermission.EVERYONE:
-                        pass
+                        case TenantPluginPermission.InstallPermission.ADMINS:
+                            if not user.is_admin_or_owner:
+                                raise Forbidden()
+                        case TenantPluginPermission.InstallPermission.EVERYONE:
+                            pass
 
                 if debug_required:
-                    if permission.debug_permission == TenantPluginPermission.DebugPermission.NOBODY:
-                        raise Forbidden()
-                    if permission.debug_permission == TenantPluginPermission.DebugPermission.ADMINS:
-                        if not user.is_admin_or_owner:
+                    match permission.debug_permission:
+                        case TenantPluginPermission.DebugPermission.NOBODY:
                             raise Forbidden()
-                    if permission.debug_permission == TenantPluginPermission.DebugPermission.EVERYONE:
-                        pass
+                        case TenantPluginPermission.DebugPermission.ADMINS:
+                            if not user.is_admin_or_owner:
+                                raise Forbidden()
+                        case TenantPluginPermission.DebugPermission.EVERYONE:
+                            pass
 
             return view(*args, **kwargs)
 

api/controllers/console/workspace/account.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from datetime import datetime
-from typing import Literal
+from typing import Any, Literal
 
 import pytz
 from flask import request
-from flask_restx import Resource, fields, marshal_with
+from flask_restx import Resource
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator, model_validator
 from sqlalchemy import select
 
@@ -37,9 +37,10 @@ from controllers.console.wraps import (
     setup_required,
 )
 from extensions.ext_database import db
+from fields.base import ResponseModel
 from fields.member_fields import Account as AccountResponse
 from libs.datetime_utils import naive_utc_now
-from libs.helper import EmailStr, TimestampField, extract_remote_ip, timezone
+from libs.helper import EmailStr, extract_remote_ip, timezone
 from libs.login import current_account_with_tenant, login_required
 from models import AccountIntegrate, InvitationCode
 from models.account import AccountStatus, InvitationCodeStatus
@@ -174,21 +175,61 @@ reg(CheckEmailUniquePayload)
 register_schema_models(console_ns, AccountResponse)
 
 
-def _serialize_account(account) -> dict:
+def _serialize_account(account) -> dict[str, Any]:
     return AccountResponse.model_validate(account, from_attributes=True).model_dump(mode="json")
 
 
-integrate_fields = {
-    "provider": fields.String,
-    "created_at": TimestampField,
-    "is_bound": fields.Boolean,
-    "link": fields.String,
-}
+def _to_timestamp(value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+    if isinstance(value, datetime):
+        return int(value.timestamp())
+    return value
 
-integrate_model = console_ns.model("AccountIntegrate", integrate_fields)
-integrate_list_model = console_ns.model(
-    "AccountIntegrateList",
-    {"data": fields.List(fields.Nested(integrate_model))},
+
+class AccountIntegrateResponse(ResponseModel):
+    provider: str
+    created_at: int | None = None
+    is_bound: bool
+    link: str | None = None
+
+    @field_validator("created_at", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_created_at(cls, value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+        return _to_timestamp(value)
+
+
+class AccountIntegrateListResponse(ResponseModel):
+    data: list[AccountIntegrateResponse]
+
+
+class EducationVerifyResponse(ResponseModel):
+    token: str | None = None
+
+
+class EducationStatusResponse(ResponseModel):
+    result: bool | None = None
+    is_student: bool | None = None
+    expire_at: int | None = None
+    allow_refresh: bool | None = None
+
+    @field_validator("expire_at", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_expire_at(cls, value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+        return _to_timestamp(value)
+
+
+class EducationAutocompleteResponse(ResponseModel):
+    data: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
+    curr_page: int | None = None
+    has_next: bool | None = None
+
+
+register_schema_models(
+    console_ns,
+    AccountIntegrateResponse,
+    AccountIntegrateListResponse,
+    EducationVerifyResponse,
+    EducationStatusResponse,
+    EducationAutocompleteResponse,
 )
 
 
@@ -359,7 +400,7 @@ class AccountIntegrateApi(Resource):
     @setup_required
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
-    @marshal_with(integrate_list_model)
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", console_ns.models[AccountIntegrateListResponse.__name__])
     def get(self):
         account, _ = current_account_with_tenant()
 
@@ -395,7 +436,9 @@ class AccountIntegrateApi(Resource):
                     }
                 )
 
-        return {"data": integrate_data}
+        return AccountIntegrateListResponse(
+            data=[AccountIntegrateResponse.model_validate(item) for item in integrate_data]
+        ).model_dump(mode="json")
 
 
 @console_ns.route("/account/delete/verify")
@@ -447,31 +490,22 @@ class AccountDeleteUpdateFeedbackApi(Resource):
 
 @console_ns.route("/account/education/verify")
 class EducationVerifyApi(Resource):
-    verify_fields = {
-        "token": fields.String,
-    }
-
     @setup_required
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
     @only_edition_cloud
     @cloud_edition_billing_enabled
-    @marshal_with(verify_fields)
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", console_ns.models[EducationVerifyResponse.__name__])
     def get(self):
         account, _ = current_account_with_tenant()
 
-        return BillingService.EducationIdentity.verify(account.id, account.email)
+        return EducationVerifyResponse.model_validate(
+            BillingService.EducationIdentity.verify(account.id, account.email) or {}
+        ).model_dump(mode="json")
 
 
 @console_ns.route("/account/education")
 class EducationApi(Resource):
-    status_fields = {
-        "result": fields.Boolean,
-        "is_student": fields.Boolean,
-        "expire_at": TimestampField,
-        "allow_refresh": fields.Boolean,
-    }
-
     @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[EducationActivatePayload.__name__])
     @setup_required
     @login_required
@@ -491,37 +525,33 @@ class EducationApi(Resource):
     @account_initialization_required
     @only_edition_cloud
     @cloud_edition_billing_enabled
-    @marshal_with(status_fields)
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", console_ns.models[EducationStatusResponse.__name__])
     def get(self):
         account, _ = current_account_with_tenant()
 
-        res = BillingService.EducationIdentity.status(account.id)
+        res = BillingService.EducationIdentity.status(account.id) or {}
         # convert expire_at to UTC timestamp from isoformat
         if res and "expire_at" in res:
             res["expire_at"] = datetime.fromisoformat(res["expire_at"]).astimezone(pytz.utc)
-        return res
+        return EducationStatusResponse.model_validate(res).model_dump(mode="json")
 
 
 @console_ns.route("/account/education/autocomplete")
 class EducationAutoCompleteApi(Resource):
-    data_fields = {
-        "data": fields.List(fields.String),
-        "curr_page": fields.Integer,
-        "has_next": fields.Boolean,
-    }
-
     @console_ns.expect(console_ns.models[EducationAutocompleteQuery.__name__])
     @setup_required
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
     @only_edition_cloud
     @cloud_edition_billing_enabled
-    @marshal_with(data_fields)
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", console_ns.models[EducationAutocompleteResponse.__name__])
     def get(self):
         payload = request.args.to_dict(flat=True)
         args = EducationAutocompleteQuery.model_validate(payload)
 
-        return BillingService.EducationIdentity.autocomplete(args.keywords, args.page, args.limit)
+        return EducationAutocompleteResponse.model_validate(
+            BillingService.EducationIdentity.autocomplete(args.keywords, args.page, args.limit) or {}
+        ).model_dump(mode="json")
 
 
 @console_ns.route("/account/change-email")

api/controllers/console/workspace/models.py

@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ class ModelProviderModelDisableApi(Resource):
 class ParserValidate(BaseModel):
     model: str
     model_type: ModelType
-    credentials: dict
+    credentials: dict[str, Any]
 
 
 console_ns.schema_model(

api/controllers/console/workspace/workspace.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import logging
+from datetime import datetime
 
 from flask import request
-from flask_restx import Resource, fields, marshal, marshal_with
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from flask_restx import Resource, fields, marshal
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator
 from sqlalchemy import select
 from werkzeug.exceptions import Unauthorized
 
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ from controllers.console.wraps import (
 )
 from enums.cloud_plan import CloudPlan
 from extensions.ext_database import db
+from fields.base import ResponseModel
 from libs.helper import TimestampField
 from libs.login import current_account_with_tenant, login_required
 from models.account import Tenant, TenantCustomConfigDict, TenantStatus
@@ -58,6 +60,37 @@ class WorkspaceInfoPayload(BaseModel):
     name: str
 
 
+class TenantInfoResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    name: str | None = None
+    plan: str | None = None
+    status: str | None = None
+    created_at: int | None = None
+    role: str | None = None
+    in_trial: bool | None = None
+    trial_end_reason: str | None = None
+    custom_config: dict | None = None
+    trial_credits: int | None = None
+    trial_credits_used: int | None = None
+    next_credit_reset_date: int | None = None
+
+    @field_validator("plan", "status", "trial_end_reason", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_enum_like(cls, value):
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return value
+        return str(getattr(value, "value", value))
+
+    @field_validator("created_at", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_created_at(cls, value: datetime | int | None):
+        if isinstance(value, datetime):
+            return int(value.timestamp())
+        return value
+
+
 def reg(cls: type[BaseModel]):
     console_ns.schema_model(cls.__name__, cls.model_json_schema(ref_template=DEFAULT_REF_TEMPLATE_SWAGGER_2_0))
 
@@ -66,6 +99,7 @@ reg(WorkspaceListQuery)
 reg(SwitchWorkspacePayload)
 reg(WorkspaceCustomConfigPayload)
 reg(WorkspaceInfoPayload)
+reg(TenantInfoResponse)
 
 provider_fields = {
     "provider_name": fields.String,
@@ -180,7 +214,7 @@ class TenantApi(Resource):
     @setup_required
     @login_required
     @account_initialization_required
-    @marshal_with(tenant_fields)
+    @console_ns.response(200, "Success", console_ns.models[TenantInfoResponse.__name__])
     def post(self):
         if request.path == "/info":
             logger.warning("Deprecated URL /info was used.")
@@ -200,7 +234,13 @@ class TenantApi(Resource):
             else:
                 raise Unauthorized("workspace is archived")
 
-        return WorkspaceService.get_tenant_info(tenant), 200
+        return (
+            TenantInfoResponse.model_validate(
+                WorkspaceService.get_tenant_info(tenant),
+                from_attributes=True,
+            ).model_dump(mode="json"),
+            200,
+        )
 
 
 @console_ns.route("/workspaces/switch")

api/controllers/console/wraps.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ from models.account import AccountStatus
 from models.dataset import RateLimitLog
 from models.model import DifySetup
 from services.feature_service import FeatureService, LicenseStatus
-from services.operation_service import OperationService
+from services.operation_service import OperationService, UtmInfo
 
 from .error import NotInitValidateError, NotSetupError, UnauthorizedAndForceLogout
 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ def cloud_utm_record[**P, R](view: Callable[P, R]) -> Callable[P, R]:
                 utm_info = request.cookies.get("utm_info")
 
                 if utm_info:
-                    utm_info_dict: dict = json.loads(utm_info)
+                    utm_info_dict: UtmInfo = json.loads(utm_info)
                     OperationService.record_utm(current_tenant_id, utm_info_dict)
 
         return view(*args, **kwargs)

api/controllers/inner_api/app/dsl.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from flask import request
 from flask_restx import Resource
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 from sqlalchemy import select
-from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
 from controllers.common.schema import register_schema_model
 from controllers.console.wraps import setup_required
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class EnterpriseAppDSLImport(Resource):
 
         account.set_tenant_id(workspace_id)
 
-        with sessionmaker(db.engine).begin() as session:
+        with Session(db.engine, expire_on_commit=False) as session:
             dsl_service = AppDslService(session)
             result = dsl_service.import_app(
                 account=account,
@@ -65,6 +65,10 @@ class EnterpriseAppDSLImport(Resource):
                 name=args.name,
                 description=args.description,
             )
+            if result.status == ImportStatus.FAILED:
+                session.rollback()
+            else:
+                session.commit()
 
         if result.status == ImportStatus.FAILED:
             return result.model_dump(mode="json"), 400

api/controllers/mcp/mcp.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from typing import Any, Union
 
 from flask import Response
 from flask_restx import Resource
-from graphon.variables.input_entities import VariableEntity
+from graphon.variables.input_entities import VariableEntity, VariableEntityType
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, ValidationError
 from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, sessionmaker
@@ -158,14 +158,20 @@ class MCPAppApi(Resource):
         except ValidationError as e:
             raise MCPRequestError(mcp_types.INVALID_PARAMS, f"Invalid user_input_form: {str(e)}")
 
-    def _convert_user_input_form(self, raw_form: list[dict]) -> list[VariableEntity]:
+    def _convert_user_input_form(self, raw_form: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> list[VariableEntity]:
         """Convert raw user input form to VariableEntity objects"""
         return [self._create_variable_entity(item) for item in raw_form]
 
-    def _create_variable_entity(self, item: dict) -> VariableEntity:
+    def _create_variable_entity(self, item: dict[str, Any]) -> VariableEntity:
         """Create a single VariableEntity from raw form item"""
-        variable_type = item.get("type", "") or list(item.keys())[0]
-        variable = item[variable_type]
+        variable_type_raw: str = item.get("type", "") or list(item.keys())[0]
+        try:
+            variable_type = VariableEntityType(variable_type_raw)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise MCPRequestError(
+                mcp_types.INVALID_PARAMS, f"Invalid user_input_form variable type: {variable_type_raw}"
+            ) from e
+        variable = item[variable_type_raw]
 
         return VariableEntity(
             type=variable_type,
@@ -178,7 +184,7 @@ class MCPAppApi(Resource):
             json_schema=variable.get("json_schema"),
         )
 
-    def _parse_mcp_request(self, args: dict) -> mcp_types.ClientRequest | mcp_types.ClientNotification:
+    def _parse_mcp_request(self, args: dict[str, Any]) -> mcp_types.ClientRequest | mcp_types.ClientNotification:
         """Parse and validate MCP request"""
         try:
             return mcp_types.ClientRequest.model_validate(args)

api/controllers/service_api/app/conversation.py

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Any, Literal
 
 from flask import request
 from flask_restx import Resource
+from graphon.variables.types import SegmentType
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, TypeAdapter, field_validator
 from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
 from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest, NotFound
@@ -14,14 +16,12 @@ from controllers.service_api.app.error import NotChatAppError
 from controllers.service_api.wraps import FetchUserArg, WhereisUserArg, validate_app_token
 from core.app.entities.app_invoke_entities import InvokeFrom
 from extensions.ext_database import db
+from fields._value_type_serializer import serialize_value_type
+from fields.base import ResponseModel
 from fields.conversation_fields import (
     ConversationInfiniteScrollPagination,
     SimpleConversation,
 )
-from fields.conversation_variable_fields import (
-    build_conversation_variable_infinite_scroll_pagination_model,
-    build_conversation_variable_model,
-)
 from libs.helper import UUIDStrOrEmpty
 from models.model import App, AppMode, EndUser
 from services.conversation_service import ConversationService
@@ -70,12 +70,70 @@ class ConversationVariableUpdatePayload(BaseModel):
     value: Any
 
 
+class ConversationVariableResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    name: str
+    value_type: str
+    value: str | None = None
+    description: str | None = None
+    created_at: int | None = None
+    updated_at: int | None = None
+
+    @field_validator("value_type", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def normalize_value_type(cls, value: Any) -> str:
+        exposed_type = getattr(value, "exposed_type", None)
+        if callable(exposed_type):
+            return str(exposed_type().value)
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            try:
+                return str(SegmentType(value).exposed_type().value)
+            except ValueError:
+                return value
+        try:
+            return serialize_value_type(value)
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError, ValueError):
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            return serialize_value_type({"value_type": value})
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError, ValueError):
+            value_attr = getattr(value, "value", None)
+            if value_attr is not None:
+                return str(value_attr)
+            return str(value)
+
+    @field_validator("value", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def normalize_value(cls, value: Any | None) -> str | None:
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return value
+        return str(value)
+
+    @field_validator("created_at", "updated_at", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def normalize_timestamp(cls, value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+        if isinstance(value, datetime):
+            return int(value.timestamp())
+        return value
+
+
+class ConversationVariableInfiniteScrollPaginationResponse(ResponseModel):
+    limit: int
+    has_more: bool
+    data: list[ConversationVariableResponse]
+
+
 register_schema_models(
     service_api_ns,
     ConversationListQuery,
     ConversationRenamePayload,
     ConversationVariablesQuery,
     ConversationVariableUpdatePayload,
+    ConversationVariableResponse,
+    ConversationVariableInfiniteScrollPaginationResponse,
 )
 
 
@@ -204,8 +262,12 @@ class ConversationVariablesApi(Resource):
             404: "Conversation not found",
         }
     )
+    @service_api_ns.response(
+        200,
+        "Variables retrieved successfully",
+        service_api_ns.models[ConversationVariableInfiniteScrollPaginationResponse.__name__],
+    )
     @validate_app_token(fetch_user_arg=FetchUserArg(fetch_from=WhereisUserArg.QUERY))
-    @service_api_ns.marshal_with(build_conversation_variable_infinite_scroll_pagination_model(service_api_ns))
     def get(self, app_model: App, end_user: EndUser, c_id):
         """List all variables for a conversation.
 
@@ -222,9 +284,12 @@ class ConversationVariablesApi(Resource):
         last_id = str(query_args.last_id) if query_args.last_id else None
 
         try:
-            return ConversationService.get_conversational_variable(
+            pagination = ConversationService.get_conversational_variable(
                 app_model, conversation_id, end_user, query_args.limit, last_id, query_args.variable_name
             )
+            return ConversationVariableInfiniteScrollPaginationResponse.model_validate(
+                pagination, from_attributes=True
+            ).model_dump(mode="json")
         except services.errors.conversation.ConversationNotExistsError:
             raise NotFound("Conversation Not Exists.")
 
@@ -243,8 +308,12 @@ class ConversationVariableDetailApi(Resource):
             404: "Conversation or variable not found",
         }
     )
+    @service_api_ns.response(
+        200,
+        "Variable updated successfully",
+        service_api_ns.models[ConversationVariableResponse.__name__],
+    )
     @validate_app_token(fetch_user_arg=FetchUserArg(fetch_from=WhereisUserArg.JSON))
-    @service_api_ns.marshal_with(build_conversation_variable_model(service_api_ns))
     def put(self, app_model: App, end_user: EndUser, c_id, variable_id):
         """Update a conversation variable's value.
 
@@ -261,9 +330,10 @@ class ConversationVariableDetailApi(Resource):
         payload = ConversationVariableUpdatePayload.model_validate(service_api_ns.payload or {})
 
         try:
-            return ConversationService.update_conversation_variable(
+            variable = ConversationService.update_conversation_variable(
                 app_model, conversation_id, variable_id, end_user, payload.value
             )
+            return ConversationVariableResponse.model_validate(variable, from_attributes=True).model_dump(mode="json")
         except services.errors.conversation.ConversationNotExistsError:
             raise NotFound("Conversation Not Exists.")
         except services.errors.conversation.ConversationVariableNotExistsError:

api/controllers/service_api/app/workflow.py

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 import logging
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Literal
 
 from dateutil.parser import isoparse
 from flask import request
-from flask_restx import Namespace, Resource, fields
+from flask_restx import Resource, fields
 from graphon.enums import WorkflowExecutionStatus
 from graphon.graph_engine.manager import GraphEngineManager
 from graphon.model_runtime.errors.invoke import InvokeError
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator
 from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
 from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest, InternalServerError, NotFound
 
@@ -33,9 +35,10 @@ from core.errors.error import (
 from core.helper.trace_id_helper import get_external_trace_id
 from extensions.ext_database import db
 from extensions.ext_redis import redis_client
-from fields.workflow_app_log_fields import build_workflow_app_log_pagination_model
+from fields.base import ResponseModel
+from fields.end_user_fields import SimpleEndUser
+from fields.member_fields import SimpleAccount
 from libs import helper
-from libs.helper import OptionalTimestampField, TimestampField
 from models.model import App, AppMode, EndUser
 from models.workflow import WorkflowRun
 from repositories.factory import DifyAPIRepositoryFactory
@@ -65,38 +68,142 @@ class WorkflowLogQuery(BaseModel):
 register_schema_models(service_api_ns, WorkflowRunPayload, WorkflowLogQuery)
 
 
+def _to_timestamp(value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+    if isinstance(value, datetime):
+        return int(value.timestamp())
+    return value
+
+
+def _enum_value(value):
+    return getattr(value, "value", value)
+
+
 class WorkflowRunStatusField(fields.Raw):
     def output(self, key, obj: WorkflowRun, **kwargs):
-        return obj.status.value
+        return _enum_value(obj.status)
 
 
 class WorkflowRunOutputsField(fields.Raw):
     def output(self, key, obj: WorkflowRun, **kwargs):
-        if obj.status == WorkflowExecutionStatus.PAUSED:
+        status = _enum_value(obj.status)
+        if status == WorkflowExecutionStatus.PAUSED.value:
             return {}
 
         outputs = obj.outputs_dict
         return outputs or {}
 
 
-workflow_run_fields = {
-    "id": fields.String,
-    "workflow_id": fields.String,
-    "status": WorkflowRunStatusField,
-    "inputs": fields.Raw,
-    "outputs": WorkflowRunOutputsField,
-    "error": fields.String,
-    "total_steps": fields.Integer,
-    "total_tokens": fields.Integer,
-    "created_at": TimestampField,
-    "finished_at": OptionalTimestampField,
-    "elapsed_time": fields.Float,
-}
+class WorkflowRunResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    workflow_id: str
+    status: str
+    inputs: dict | list | str | int | float | bool | None = None
+    outputs: dict = Field(default_factory=dict)
+    error: str | None = None
+    total_steps: int | None = None
+    total_tokens: int | None = None
+    created_at: int | None = None
+    finished_at: int | None = None
+    elapsed_time: float | int | None = None
+
+    @field_validator("created_at", "finished_at", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_timestamp(cls, value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+        return _to_timestamp(value)
 
 
-def build_workflow_run_model(api_or_ns: Namespace):
-    """Build the workflow run model for the API or Namespace."""
-    return api_or_ns.model("WorkflowRun", workflow_run_fields)
+class WorkflowRunForLogResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    version: str | None = None
+    status: str | None = None
+    triggered_from: str | None = None
+    error: str | None = None
+    elapsed_time: float | int | None = None
+    total_tokens: int | None = None
+    total_steps: int | None = None
+    created_at: int | None = None
+    finished_at: int | None = None
+    exceptions_count: int | None = None
+
+    @field_validator("status", "triggered_from", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_enum(cls, value):
+        return _enum_value(value)
+
+    @field_validator("created_at", "finished_at", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_timestamp(cls, value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+        return _to_timestamp(value)
+
+
+class WorkflowAppLogPartialResponse(ResponseModel):
+    id: str
+    workflow_run: WorkflowRunForLogResponse | None = None
+    details: dict | list | str | int | float | bool | None = None
+    created_from: str | None = None
+    created_by_role: str | None = None
+    created_by_account: SimpleAccount | None = None
+    created_by_end_user: SimpleEndUser | None = None
+    created_at: int | None = None
+
+    @field_validator("created_from", "created_by_role", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_enum(cls, value):
+        return _enum_value(value)
+
+    @field_validator("created_at", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def _normalize_timestamp(cls, value: datetime | int | None) -> int | None:
+        return _to_timestamp(value)
+
+
+class WorkflowAppLogPaginationResponse(ResponseModel):
+    page: int
+    limit: int
+    total: int
+    has_more: bool
+    data: list[WorkflowAppLogPartialResponse]
+
+
+register_schema_models(
+    service_api_ns,
+    WorkflowRunResponse,
+    WorkflowRunForLogResponse,
+    WorkflowAppLogPartialResponse,
+    WorkflowAppLogPaginationResponse,
+)
+
+
+def _serialize_workflow_run(workflow_run: WorkflowRun) -> dict:
+    status = _enum_value(workflow_run.status)
+    raw_outputs = workflow_run.outputs_dict
+    if status == WorkflowExecutionStatus.PAUSED.value or raw_outputs is None:
+        outputs: dict = {}
+    elif isinstance(raw_outputs, dict):
+        outputs = raw_outputs
+    elif isinstance(raw_outputs, Mapping):
+        outputs = dict(raw_outputs)
+    else:
+        outputs = {}
+    return WorkflowRunResponse.model_validate(
+        {
+            "id": workflow_run.id,
+            "workflow_id": workflow_run.workflow_id,
+            "status": status,
+            "inputs": workflow_run.inputs,
+            "outputs": outputs,
+            "error": workflow_run.error,
+            "total_steps": workflow_run.total_steps,
+            "total_tokens": workflow_run.total_tokens,
+            "created_at": workflow_run.created_at,
+            "finished_at": workflow_run.finished_at,
+            "elapsed_time": workflow_run.elapsed_time,
+        }
+    ).model_dump(mode="json")
+
+
+def _serialize_workflow_log_pagination(pagination) -> dict:
+    return WorkflowAppLogPaginationResponse.model_validate(pagination, from_attributes=True).model_dump(mode="json")
 
 
 @service_api_ns.route("/workflows/run/<string:workflow_run_id>")
@@ -112,7 +219,11 @@ class WorkflowRunDetailApi(Resource):
         }
     )
     @validate_app_token
-    @service_api_ns.marshal_with(build_workflow_run_model(service_api_ns))
+    @service_api_ns.response(
+        200,
+        "Workflow run details retrieved successfully",
+        service_api_ns.models[WorkflowRunResponse.__name__],
+    )
     def get(self, app_model: App, workflow_run_id: str):
         """Get a workflow task running detail.
 
@@ -133,7 +244,7 @@ class WorkflowRunDetailApi(Resource):
         )
         if not workflow_run:
             raise NotFound("Workflow run not found.")
-        return workflow_run
+        return _serialize_workflow_run(workflow_run)
 
 
 @service_api_ns.route("/workflows/run")
@@ -299,7 +410,11 @@ class WorkflowAppLogApi(Resource):
         }
     )
     @validate_app_token
-    @service_api_ns.marshal_with(build_workflow_app_log_pagination_model(service_api_ns))
+    @service_api_ns.response(
+        200,
+        "Logs retrieved successfully",
+        service_api_ns.models[WorkflowAppLogPaginationResponse.__name__],
+    )
     def get(self, app_model: App):
         """Get workflow app logs.
 
@@ -327,4 +442,4 @@ class WorkflowAppLogApi(Resource):
                 created_by_account=args.created_by_account,
             )
 
-            return workflow_app_log_pagination
+            return _serialize_workflow_log_pagination(workflow_app_log_pagination)

api/controllers/service_api/dataset/segment.py

@@ -33,25 +33,25 @@ from services.errors.chunk import ChildChunkIndexingError as ChildChunkIndexingS
 from services.summary_index_service import SummaryIndexService
 
 
-def _marshal_segment_with_summary(segment, dataset_id: str) -> dict:
+def _marshal_segment_with_summary(segment, dataset_id: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Marshal a single segment and enrich it with summary content."""
-    segment_dict = dict(marshal(segment, segment_fields))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    segment_dict: dict[str, Any] = dict(marshal(segment, segment_fields))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
     summary = SummaryIndexService.get_segment_summary(segment_id=segment.id, dataset_id=dataset_id)
     segment_dict["summary"] = summary.summary_content if summary else None
     return segment_dict
 
 
-def _marshal_segments_with_summary(segments, dataset_id: str) -> list[dict]:
+def _marshal_segments_with_summary(segments, dataset_id: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
     """Marshal multiple segments and enrich them with summary content (batch query)."""
     segment_ids = [segment.id for segment in segments]
-    summaries: dict = {}
+    summaries: dict[str, str | None] = {}
     if segment_ids:
         summary_records = SummaryIndexService.get_segments_summaries(segment_ids=segment_ids, dataset_id=dataset_id)
         summaries = {chunk_id: record.summary_content for chunk_id, record in summary_records.items()}
 
-    result = []
+    result: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
     for segment in segments:
-        segment_dict = dict(marshal(segment, segment_fields))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        segment_dict: dict[str, Any] = dict(marshal(segment, segment_fields))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
         segment_dict["summary"] = summaries.get(segment.id)
         result.append(segment_dict)
     return result

api/controllers/web/human_input_form.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Web App Human Input Form APIs.
 import json
 import logging
 from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Any, NotRequired, TypedDict
 
 from flask import Response, request
 from flask_restx import Resource
@@ -58,10 +59,19 @@ def _to_timestamp(value: datetime) -> int:
     return int(value.timestamp())
 
 
+class FormDefinitionPayload(TypedDict):
+    form_content: Any
+    inputs: Any
+    resolved_default_values: dict[str, str]
+    user_actions: Any
+    expiration_time: int
+    site: NotRequired[dict]
+
+
 def _jsonify_form_definition(form: Form, site_payload: dict | None = None) -> Response:
     """Return the form payload (optionally with site) as a JSON response."""
     definition_payload = form.get_definition().model_dump()
-    payload = {
+    payload: FormDefinitionPayload = {
         "form_content": definition_payload["rendered_content"],
         "inputs": definition_payload["inputs"],
         "resolved_default_values": _stringify_default_values(definition_payload["default_values"]),
@@ -92,7 +102,7 @@ class HumanInputFormApi(Resource):
         _FORM_ACCESS_RATE_LIMITER.increment_rate_limit(ip_address)
 
         service = HumanInputService(db.engine)
-        # TODO(QuantumGhost): forbid submision for form tokens
+        # TODO(QuantumGhost): forbid submission for form tokens
         # that are only for console.
         form = service.get_form_by_token(form_token)
 

api/controllers/web/login.py

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
+import logging
+
 from flask import make_response, request
 from flask_restx import Resource
 from jwt import InvalidTokenError
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator
+from werkzeug.exceptions import Unauthorized
 
 import services
 from configs import dify_config
@@ -20,7 +23,7 @@ from controllers.console.wraps import (
 )
 from controllers.web import web_ns
 from controllers.web.wraps import decode_jwt_token
-from libs.helper import EmailStr
+from libs.helper import EmailStr, extract_remote_ip
 from libs.passport import PassportService
 from libs.password import valid_password
 from libs.token import (
@@ -29,9 +32,11 @@ from libs.token import (
 )
 from services.account_service import AccountService
 from services.app_service import AppService
-from services.entities.auth_entities import LoginPayloadBase
+from services.entities.auth_entities import LoginFailureReason, LoginPayloadBase
 from services.webapp_auth_service import WebAppAuthService
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 
 class LoginPayload(LoginPayloadBase):
     @field_validator("password")
@@ -76,14 +81,18 @@ class LoginApi(Resource):
     def post(self):
         """Authenticate user and login."""
         payload = LoginPayload.model_validate(web_ns.payload or {})
+        normalized_email = payload.email.lower()
 
         try:
             account = WebAppAuthService.authenticate(payload.email, payload.password)
         except services.errors.account.AccountLoginError:
+            _log_web_login_failure(email=normalized_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.ACCOUNT_BANNED)
             raise AccountBannedError()
         except services.errors.account.AccountPasswordError:
+            _log_web_login_failure(email=normalized_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.INVALID_CREDENTIALS)
             raise AuthenticationFailedError()
         except services.errors.account.AccountNotFoundError:
+            _log_web_login_failure(email=normalized_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND)
             raise AuthenticationFailedError()
 
         token = WebAppAuthService.login(account=account)
@@ -212,21 +221,30 @@ class EmailCodeLoginApi(Resource):
 
         token_data = WebAppAuthService.get_email_code_login_data(payload.token)
         if token_data is None:
+            _log_web_login_failure(email=user_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.INVALID_EMAIL_CODE_TOKEN)
             raise InvalidTokenError()
 
         token_email = token_data.get("email")
         if not isinstance(token_email, str):
+            _log_web_login_failure(email=user_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.EMAIL_CODE_EMAIL_MISMATCH)
             raise InvalidEmailError()
         normalized_token_email = token_email.lower()
         if normalized_token_email != user_email:
+            _log_web_login_failure(email=user_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.EMAIL_CODE_EMAIL_MISMATCH)
             raise InvalidEmailError()
 
         if token_data["code"] != payload.code:
+            _log_web_login_failure(email=user_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.INVALID_EMAIL_CODE)
             raise EmailCodeError()
 
         WebAppAuthService.revoke_email_code_login_token(payload.token)
-        account = WebAppAuthService.get_user_through_email(token_email)
+        try:
+            account = WebAppAuthService.get_user_through_email(token_email)
+        except Unauthorized as exc:
+            _log_web_login_failure(email=user_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.ACCOUNT_BANNED)
+            raise AccountBannedError() from exc
         if not account:
+            _log_web_login_failure(email=user_email, reason=LoginFailureReason.ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND)
             raise AuthenticationFailedError()
 
         token = WebAppAuthService.login(account=account)
@@ -234,3 +252,12 @@ class EmailCodeLoginApi(Resource):
         response = make_response({"result": "success", "data": {"access_token": token}})
         # set_access_token_to_cookie(request, response, token, samesite="None", httponly=False)
         return response
+
+
+def _log_web_login_failure(*, email: str, reason: LoginFailureReason) -> None:
+    logger.warning(
+        "Web login failed: email=%s reason=%s ip_address=%s",
+        email,
+        reason,
+        extract_remote_ip(request),
+    )

api/controllers/web/passport.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import uuid
 from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta
+from typing import Any
 
 from flask import make_response, request
 from flask_restx import Resource
@@ -103,21 +104,23 @@ class PassportResource(Resource):
         return response
 
 
-def decode_enterprise_webapp_user_id(jwt_token: str | None):
+def decode_enterprise_webapp_user_id(jwt_token: str | None) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
     """
     Decode the enterprise user session from the Authorization header.
     """
     if not jwt_token:
         return None
 
-    decoded = PassportService().verify(jwt_token)
+    decoded: dict[str, Any] = PassportService().verify(jwt_token)
     source = decoded.get("token_source")
     if not source or source != "webapp_login_token":
         raise Unauthorized("Invalid token source. Expected 'webapp_login_token'.")
     return decoded
 
 
-def exchange_token_for_existing_web_user(app_code: str, enterprise_user_decoded: dict, auth_type: WebAppAuthType):
+def exchange_token_for_existing_web_user(
+    app_code: str, enterprise_user_decoded: dict[str, Any], auth_type: WebAppAuthType
+):
     """
     Exchange a token for an existing web user session.
     """

api/controllers/web/site.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import cast
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 from flask_restx import fields, marshal, marshal_with
 from sqlalchemy import select
@@ -113,12 +113,12 @@ class AppSiteInfo:
             }
 
 
-def serialize_site(site: Site) -> dict:
+def serialize_site(site: Site) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """Serialize Site model using the same schema as AppSiteApi."""
-    return cast(dict, marshal(site, AppSiteApi.site_fields))
+    return cast(dict[str, Any], marshal(site, AppSiteApi.site_fields))
 
 
-def serialize_app_site_payload(app_model: App, site: Site, end_user_id: str | None) -> dict:
+def serialize_app_site_payload(app_model: App, site: Site, end_user_id: str | None) -> dict[str, Any]:
     can_replace_logo = FeatureService.get_features(app_model.tenant_id).can_replace_logo
     app_site_info = AppSiteInfo(app_model.tenant, app_model, site, end_user_id, can_replace_logo)
-    return cast(dict, marshal(app_site_info, AppSiteApi.app_fields))
+    return cast(dict[str, Any], marshal(app_site_info, AppSiteApi.app_fields))

api/core/agent/output_parser/cot_output_parser.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import json
 import re
 from collections.abc import Generator
-from typing import Union
+from typing import Any, Union
 
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.llm_entities import LLMResultChunk
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from core.agent.entities import AgentScratchpadUnit
 class CotAgentOutputParser:
     @classmethod
     def handle_react_stream_output(
-        cls, llm_response: Generator[LLMResultChunk, None, None], usage_dict: dict
+        cls, llm_response: Generator[LLMResultChunk, None, None], usage_dict: dict[str, Any]
     ) -> Generator[Union[str, AgentScratchpadUnit.Action], None, None]:
         def parse_action(action) -> Union[str, AgentScratchpadUnit.Action]:
             action_name = None

api/core/agent/plugin_entities.py

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class AgentStrategyEntity(BaseModel):
     identity: AgentStrategyIdentity
     parameters: list[AgentStrategyParameter] = Field(default_factory=list)
     description: I18nObject = Field(..., description="The description of the agent strategy")
-    output_schema: dict | None = None
+    output_schema: dict[str, Any] | None = None
     features: list[AgentFeature] | None = None
     meta_version: str | None = None
     # pydantic configs

api/core/app/app_config/common/sensitive_word_avoidance/manager.py

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ class SensitiveWordAvoidanceConfigManager:
 
     @classmethod
     def validate_and_set_defaults(
-        cls, tenant_id: str, config: dict, only_structure_validate: bool = False
-    ) -> tuple[dict, list[str]]:
+        cls, tenant_id: str, config: dict[str, Any], only_structure_validate: bool = False
+    ) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[str]]:
         if not config.get("sensitive_word_avoidance"):
             config["sensitive_word_avoidance"] = {"enabled": False}
 

api/core/app/app_config/easy_ui_based_app/dataset/manager.py

@@ -138,7 +138,9 @@ class DatasetConfigManager:
             )
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, tenant_id: str, app_mode: AppMode, config: dict) -> tuple[dict, list[str]]:
+    def validate_and_set_defaults(
+        cls, tenant_id: str, app_mode: AppMode, config: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[str]]:
         """
         Validate and set defaults for dataset feature
 
@@ -172,7 +174,7 @@ class DatasetConfigManager:
         return config, ["agent_mode", "dataset_configs", "dataset_query_variable"]
 
     @classmethod
-    def extract_dataset_config_for_legacy_compatibility(cls, tenant_id: str, app_mode: AppMode, config: dict):
+    def extract_dataset_config_for_legacy_compatibility(cls, tenant_id: str, app_mode: AppMode, config: dict[str, Any]):
         """
         Extract dataset config for legacy compatibility
 

api/core/app/app_config/easy_ui_based_app/model_config/manager.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class ModelConfigManager:
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, tenant_id: str, config: Mapping[str, Any]) -> tuple[dict, list[str]]:
+    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, tenant_id: str, config: Mapping[str, Any]) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[str]]:
         """
         Validate and set defaults for model config
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class ModelConfigManager:
         return dict(config), ["model"]
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_model_completion_params(cls, cp: dict):
+    def validate_model_completion_params(cls, cp: dict[str, Any]):
         # model.completion_params
         if not isinstance(cp, dict):
             raise ValueError("model.completion_params must be of object type")

api/core/app/app_config/easy_ui_based_app/prompt_template/manager.py

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class PromptTemplateConfigManager:
             )
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, app_mode: AppMode, config: dict) -> tuple[dict, list[str]]:
+    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, app_mode: AppMode, config: dict[str, Any]) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[str]]:
         """
         Validate pre_prompt and set defaults for prompt feature
         depending on the config['model']
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class PromptTemplateConfigManager:
         return config, ["prompt_type", "pre_prompt", "chat_prompt_config", "completion_prompt_config"]
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_post_prompt_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict):
+    def validate_post_prompt_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict[str, Any]):
         """
         Validate post_prompt and set defaults for prompt feature
 

api/core/app/app_config/easy_ui_based_app/variables/manager.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import re
-from typing import cast
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 from graphon.variables.input_entities import VariableEntity, VariableEntityType
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class BasicVariablesConfigManager:
         return variable_entities, external_data_variables
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, tenant_id: str, config: dict) -> tuple[dict, list[str]]:
+    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, tenant_id: str, config: dict[str, Any]) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[str]]:
         """
         Validate and set defaults for user input form
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class BasicVariablesConfigManager:
         return config, related_config_keys
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_variables_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict) -> tuple[dict, list[str]]:
+    def validate_variables_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict[str, Any]) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[str]]:
         """
         Validate and set defaults for user input form
 
@@ -164,7 +164,9 @@ class BasicVariablesConfigManager:
         return config, ["user_input_form"]
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_external_data_tools_and_set_defaults(cls, tenant_id: str, config: dict) -> tuple[dict, list[str]]:
+    def validate_external_data_tools_and_set_defaults(
+        cls, tenant_id: str, config: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[str]]:
         """
         Validate and set defaults for external data fetch feature
 

api/core/app/app_config/features/file_upload/manager.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class FileUploadConfigManager:
                 return FileUploadConfig.model_validate(file_upload_dict)
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict) -> tuple[dict, list[str]]:
+    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict[str, Any]) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[str]]:
         """
         Validate and set defaults for file upload feature
 

api/core/app/app_config/features/more_like_this/manager.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, ValidationError
 
 
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@ class AppConfigModel(BaseModel):
 
 class MoreLikeThisConfigManager:
     @classmethod
-    def convert(cls, config: dict) -> bool:
+    def convert(cls, config: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
         """
         Convert model config to model config
 
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ class MoreLikeThisConfigManager:
         return AppConfigModel.model_validate(validated_config).more_like_this.enabled
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict) -> tuple[dict, list[str]]:
+    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict[str, Any]) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[str]]:
         try:
             return AppConfigModel.model_validate(config).model_dump(), ["more_like_this"]
         except ValidationError:

api/core/app/app_config/features/opening_statement/manager.py

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+
 class OpeningStatementConfigManager:
     @classmethod
-    def convert(cls, config: dict) -> tuple[str, list]:
+    def convert(cls, config: dict[str, Any]) -> tuple[str, list[str]]:
         """
         Convert model config to model config
 
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ class OpeningStatementConfigManager:
         return opening_statement, suggested_questions_list
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict) -> tuple[dict, list[str]]:
+    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict[str, Any]) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[str]]:
         """
         Validate and set defaults for opening statement feature
 

api/core/app/app_config/features/retrieval_resource/manager.py

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+
 class RetrievalResourceConfigManager:
     @classmethod
-    def convert(cls, config: dict) -> bool:
+    def convert(cls, config: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
         show_retrieve_source = False
         retriever_resource_dict = config.get("retriever_resource")
         if retriever_resource_dict:
@@ -10,7 +13,7 @@ class RetrievalResourceConfigManager:
         return show_retrieve_source
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict) -> tuple[dict, list[str]]:
+    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict[str, Any]) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[str]]:
         """
         Validate and set defaults for retriever resource feature
 

api/core/app/app_config/features/speech_to_text/manager.py

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+
 class SpeechToTextConfigManager:
     @classmethod
-    def convert(cls, config: dict) -> bool:
+    def convert(cls, config: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
         """
         Convert model config to model config
 
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ class SpeechToTextConfigManager:
         return speech_to_text
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict) -> tuple[dict, list[str]]:
+    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict[str, Any]) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[str]]:
         """
         Validate and set defaults for speech to text feature
 

api/core/app/app_config/features/suggested_questions_after_answer/manager.py

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+
 class SuggestedQuestionsAfterAnswerConfigManager:
     @classmethod
-    def convert(cls, config: dict) -> bool:
+    def convert(cls, config: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
         """
         Convert model config to model config
 
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ class SuggestedQuestionsAfterAnswerConfigManager:
         return suggested_questions_after_answer
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict) -> tuple[dict, list[str]]:
+    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict[str, Any]) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[str]]:
         """
         Validate and set defaults for suggested questions feature
 

api/core/app/app_config/features/text_to_speech/manager.py

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from core.app.app_config.entities import TextToSpeechEntity
 
 
 class TextToSpeechConfigManager:
     @classmethod
-    def convert(cls, config: dict):
+    def convert(cls, config: dict[str, Any]):
         """
         Convert model config to model config
 
@@ -22,7 +24,7 @@ class TextToSpeechConfigManager:
         return text_to_speech
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict) -> tuple[dict, list[str]]:
+    def validate_and_set_defaults(cls, config: dict[str, Any]) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[str]]:
         """
         Validate and set defaults for text to speech feature
 

api/core/app/apps/advanced_chat/generate_response_converter.py

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class AdvancedChatAppGenerateResponseConverter(AppGenerateResponseConverter):
     @classmethod
     def convert_stream_full_response(
         cls, stream_response: Generator[AppStreamResponse, None, None]
-    ) -> Generator[dict | str, Any, None]:
+    ) -> Generator[dict[str, Any] | str, Any, None]:
         """
         Convert stream full response.
         :param stream_response: stream response
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class AdvancedChatAppGenerateResponseConverter(AppGenerateResponseConverter):
     @classmethod
     def convert_stream_simple_response(
         cls, stream_response: Generator[AppStreamResponse, None, None]
-    ) -> Generator[dict | str, Any, None]:
+    ) -> Generator[dict[str, Any] | str, Any, None]:
         """
         Convert stream simple response.
         :param stream_response: stream response

api/core/app/apps/agent_chat/generate_response_converter.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from collections.abc import Generator
-from typing import cast
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 from core.app.apps.base_app_generate_response_converter import AppGenerateResponseConverter
 from core.app.entities.task_entities import (
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class AgentChatAppGenerateResponseConverter(AppGenerateResponseConverter):
     @classmethod
     def convert_stream_full_response(
         cls, stream_response: Generator[AppStreamResponse, None, None]
-    ) -> Generator[dict | str, None, None]:
+    ) -> Generator[dict[str, Any] | str, None, None]:
         """
         Convert stream full response.
         :param stream_response: stream response
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class AgentChatAppGenerateResponseConverter(AppGenerateResponseConverter):
     @classmethod
     def convert_stream_simple_response(
         cls, stream_response: Generator[AppStreamResponse, None, None]
-    ) -> Generator[dict | str, None, None]:
+    ) -> Generator[dict[str, Any] | str, None, None]:
         """
         Convert stream simple response.
         :param stream_response: stream response

api/core/app/apps/base_app_generate_response_converter.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class AppGenerateResponseConverter(ABC):
                 return cls.convert_blocking_full_response(response)
             else:
 
-                def _generate_full_response() -> Generator[dict | str, Any, None]:
+                def _generate_full_response() -> Generator[dict[str, Any] | str, Any, None]:
                     yield from cls.convert_stream_full_response(response)
 
                 return _generate_full_response()
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class AppGenerateResponseConverter(ABC):
                 return cls.convert_blocking_simple_response(response)
             else:
 
-                def _generate_simple_response() -> Generator[dict | str, Any, None]:
+                def _generate_simple_response() -> Generator[dict[str, Any] | str, Any, None]:
                     yield from cls.convert_stream_simple_response(response)
 
                 return _generate_simple_response()
@@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ class AppGenerateResponseConverter(ABC):
     @abstractmethod
     def convert_stream_full_response(
         cls, stream_response: Generator[AppStreamResponse, None, None]
-    ) -> Generator[dict | str, None, None]:
+    ) -> Generator[dict[str, Any] | str, None, None]:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     @classmethod
     @abstractmethod
     def convert_stream_simple_response(
         cls, stream_response: Generator[AppStreamResponse, None, None]
-    ) -> Generator[dict | str, None, None]:
+    ) -> Generator[dict[str, Any] | str, None, None]:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     @classmethod

api/core/app/apps/chat/generate_response_converter.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from collections.abc import Generator
-from typing import cast
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 from core.app.apps.base_app_generate_response_converter import AppGenerateResponseConverter
 from core.app.entities.task_entities import (
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class ChatAppGenerateResponseConverter(AppGenerateResponseConverter):
     @classmethod
     def convert_stream_full_response(
         cls, stream_response: Generator[AppStreamResponse, None, None]
-    ) -> Generator[dict | str, None, None]:
+    ) -> Generator[dict[str, Any] | str, None, None]:
         """
         Convert stream full response.
         :param stream_response: stream response
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class ChatAppGenerateResponseConverter(AppGenerateResponseConverter):
     @classmethod
     def convert_stream_simple_response(
         cls, stream_response: Generator[AppStreamResponse, None, None]
-    ) -> Generator[dict | str, None, None]:
+    ) -> Generator[dict[str, Any] | str, None, None]:
         """
         Convert stream simple response.
         :param stream_response: stream response

api/core/app/apps/completion/generate_response_converter.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from collections.abc import Generator
-from typing import cast
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 from core.app.apps.base_app_generate_response_converter import AppGenerateResponseConverter
 from core.app.entities.task_entities import (
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class CompletionAppGenerateResponseConverter(AppGenerateResponseConverter):
     @classmethod
     def convert_stream_full_response(
         cls, stream_response: Generator[AppStreamResponse, None, None]
-    ) -> Generator[dict | str, None, None]:
+    ) -> Generator[dict[str, Any] | str, None, None]:
         """
         Convert stream full response.
         :param stream_response: stream response
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class CompletionAppGenerateResponseConverter(AppGenerateResponseConverter):
     @classmethod
     def convert_stream_simple_response(
         cls, stream_response: Generator[AppStreamResponse, None, None]
-    ) -> Generator[dict | str, None, None]:
+    ) -> Generator[dict[str, Any] | str, None, None]:
         """
         Convert stream simple response.
         :param stream_response: stream response

api/core/app/apps/pipeline/generate_response_converter.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from collections.abc import Generator
-from typing import cast
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 from core.app.apps.base_app_generate_response_converter import AppGenerateResponseConverter
 from core.app.entities.task_entities import (
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class WorkflowAppGenerateResponseConverter(AppGenerateResponseConverter):
     _blocking_response_type = WorkflowAppBlockingResponse
 
     @classmethod
-    def convert_blocking_full_response(cls, blocking_response: WorkflowAppBlockingResponse) -> dict:  # type: ignore[override]
+    def convert_blocking_full_response(cls, blocking_response: WorkflowAppBlockingResponse) -> dict[str, Any]:  # type: ignore[override]
         """
         Convert blocking full response.
         :param blocking_response: blocking response
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class WorkflowAppGenerateResponseConverter(AppGenerateResponseConverter):
         return dict(blocking_response.model_dump())
 
     @classmethod
-    def convert_blocking_simple_response(cls, blocking_response: WorkflowAppBlockingResponse) -> dict:  # type: ignore[override]
+    def convert_blocking_simple_response(cls, blocking_response: WorkflowAppBlockingResponse) -> dict[str, Any]:  # type: ignore[override]
         """
         Convert blocking simple response.
         :param blocking_response: blocking response
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class WorkflowAppGenerateResponseConverter(AppGenerateResponseConverter):
     @classmethod
     def convert_stream_full_response(
         cls, stream_response: Generator[AppStreamResponse, None, None]
-    ) -> Generator[dict | str, None, None]:
+    ) -> Generator[dict[str, Any] | str, None, None]:
         """
         Convert stream full response.
         :param stream_response: stream response
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class WorkflowAppGenerateResponseConverter(AppGenerateResponseConverter):
     @classmethod
     def convert_stream_simple_response(
         cls, stream_response: Generator[AppStreamResponse, None, None]
-    ) -> Generator[dict | str, None, None]:
+    ) -> Generator[dict[str, Any] | str, None, None]:
         """
         Convert stream simple response.
         :param stream_response: stream response

api/core/app/apps/pipeline/pipeline_config_manager.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from core.app.app_config.base_app_config_manager import BaseAppConfigManager
 from core.app.app_config.common.sensitive_word_avoidance.manager import SensitiveWordAvoidanceConfigManager
 from core.app.app_config.entities import RagPipelineVariableEntity, WorkflowUIBasedAppConfig
@@ -34,7 +36,9 @@ class PipelineConfigManager(BaseAppConfigManager):
         return pipeline_config
 
     @classmethod
-    def config_validate(cls, tenant_id: str, config: dict, only_structure_validate: bool = False) -> dict:
+    def config_validate(
+        cls, tenant_id: str, config: dict[str, Any], only_structure_validate: bool = False
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """
         Validate for pipeline config
 

api/core/app/apps/pipeline/pipeline_generator.py

@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ class PipelineGenerator(BaseAppGenerator):
         user_id: str,
         all_files: list,
         datasource_info: Mapping[str, Any],
-        next_page_parameters: dict | None = None,
+        next_page_parameters: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
     ):
         """
         Get files in a folder.

api/core/app/apps/workflow/generate_response_converter.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from collections.abc import Generator
-from typing import cast
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 from core.app.apps.base_app_generate_response_converter import AppGenerateResponseConverter
 from core.app.entities.task_entities import (
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class WorkflowAppGenerateResponseConverter(AppGenerateResponseConverter):
     @classmethod
     def convert_stream_full_response(
         cls, stream_response: Generator[AppStreamResponse, None, None]
-    ) -> Generator[dict | str, None, None]:
+    ) -> Generator[dict[str, Any] | str, None, None]:
         """
         Convert stream full response.
         :param stream_response: stream response
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class WorkflowAppGenerateResponseConverter(AppGenerateResponseConverter):
     @classmethod
     def convert_stream_simple_response(
         cls, stream_response: Generator[AppStreamResponse, None, None]
-    ) -> Generator[dict | str, None, None]:
+    ) -> Generator[dict[str, Any] | str, None, None]:
         """
         Convert stream simple response.
         :param stream_response: stream response

api/core/app/apps/workflow/generate_task_pipeline.py

@@ -682,15 +682,16 @@ class WorkflowAppGenerateTaskPipeline(GraphRuntimeStateSupport):
 
     def _save_workflow_app_log(self, *, session: Session, workflow_run_id: str | None):
         invoke_from = self._application_generate_entity.invoke_from
-        if invoke_from == InvokeFrom.SERVICE_API:
-            created_from = WorkflowAppLogCreatedFrom.SERVICE_API
-        elif invoke_from == InvokeFrom.EXPLORE:
-            created_from = WorkflowAppLogCreatedFrom.INSTALLED_APP
-        elif invoke_from == InvokeFrom.WEB_APP:
-            created_from = WorkflowAppLogCreatedFrom.WEB_APP
-        else:
-            # not save log for debugging
-            return
+        match invoke_from:
+            case InvokeFrom.SERVICE_API:
+                created_from = WorkflowAppLogCreatedFrom.SERVICE_API
+            case InvokeFrom.EXPLORE:
+                created_from = WorkflowAppLogCreatedFrom.INSTALLED_APP
+            case InvokeFrom.WEB_APP:
+                created_from = WorkflowAppLogCreatedFrom.WEB_APP
+            case InvokeFrom.DEBUGGER | InvokeFrom.TRIGGER | InvokeFrom.PUBLISHED_PIPELINE | InvokeFrom.VALIDATION:
+                # not save log for debugging
+                return
 
         if not workflow_run_id:
             return

api/core/app/entities/task_entities.py

@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ class IterationNodeStartStreamResponse(StreamResponse):
         node_type: str
         title: str
         created_at: int
-        extras: dict = Field(default_factory=dict)
+        extras: dict[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict)
         metadata: Mapping = {}
         inputs: Mapping = {}
         inputs_truncated: bool = False
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ class IterationNodeNextStreamResponse(StreamResponse):
         title: str
         index: int
         created_at: int
-        extras: dict = Field(default_factory=dict)
+        extras: dict[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict)
 
     event: StreamEvent = StreamEvent.ITERATION_NEXT
     workflow_run_id: str
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ class IterationNodeCompletedStreamResponse(StreamResponse):
         outputs: Mapping | None = None
         outputs_truncated: bool = False
         created_at: int
-        extras: dict | None = None
+        extras: dict[str, Any] | None = None
         inputs: Mapping | None = None
         inputs_truncated: bool = False
         status: WorkflowNodeExecutionStatus
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ class LoopNodeStartStreamResponse(StreamResponse):
         node_type: str
         title: str
         created_at: int
-        extras: dict = Field(default_factory=dict)
+        extras: dict[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict)
         metadata: Mapping = {}
         inputs: Mapping = {}
         inputs_truncated: bool = False
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ class LoopNodeCompletedStreamResponse(StreamResponse):
         outputs: Mapping | None = None
         outputs_truncated: bool = False
         created_at: int
-        extras: dict | None = None
+        extras: dict[str, Any] | None = None
         inputs: Mapping | None = None
         inputs_truncated: bool = False
         status: WorkflowNodeExecutionStatus

api/core/datasource/entities/api_entities.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class DatasourceApiEntity(BaseModel):
     description: I18nObject
     parameters: list[DatasourceParameter] | None = None
     labels: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list)
-    output_schema: dict | None = None
+    output_schema: dict[str, Any] | None = None
 
 
 ToolProviderTypeApiLiteral = Literal["builtin", "api", "workflow"] | None
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class DatasourceProviderApiEntityDict(TypedDict):
     icon: str | dict
     label: I18nObjectDict
     type: str
-    team_credentials: dict | None
+    team_credentials: dict[str, Any] | None
     is_team_authorization: bool
     allow_delete: bool
     datasources: list[Any]
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ class DatasourceProviderApiEntity(BaseModel):
     icon: str | dict
     label: I18nObject  # label
     type: str
-    masked_credentials: dict | None = None
-    original_credentials: dict | None = None
+    masked_credentials: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    original_credentials: dict[str, Any] | None = None
     is_team_authorization: bool = False
     allow_delete: bool = True
     plugin_id: str | None = Field(default="", description="The plugin id of the datasource")

api/core/datasource/entities/datasource_entities.py

@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class DatasourceEntity(BaseModel):
     identity: DatasourceIdentity
     parameters: list[DatasourceParameter] = Field(default_factory=list)
     description: I18nObject = Field(..., description="The label of the datasource")
-    output_schema: dict | None = None
+    output_schema: dict[str, Any] | None = None
 
     @field_validator("parameters", mode="before")
     @classmethod
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class DatasourceInvokeMeta(BaseModel):
 
     time_cost: float = Field(..., description="The time cost of the tool invoke")
     error: str | None = None
-    tool_config: dict | None = None
+    tool_config: dict[str, Any] | None = None
 
     @classmethod
     def empty(cls) -> DatasourceInvokeMeta:
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ class OnlineDocumentPage(BaseModel):
 
     page_id: str = Field(..., description="The page id")
     page_name: str = Field(..., description="The page title")
-    page_icon: dict | None = Field(None, description="The page icon")
+    page_icon: dict[str, Any] | None = Field(None, description="The page icon")
     type: str = Field(..., description="The type of the page")
     last_edited_time: str = Field(..., description="The last edited time")
     parent_id: str | None = Field(None, description="The parent page id")
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ class GetWebsiteCrawlRequest(BaseModel):
     Get website crawl request
     """
 
-    crawl_parameters: dict = Field(..., description="The crawl parameters")
+    crawl_parameters: dict[str, Any] = Field(..., description="The crawl parameters")
 
 
 class WebSiteInfoDetail(BaseModel):
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ class OnlineDriveFileBucket(BaseModel):
     bucket: str | None = Field(None, description="The file bucket")
     files: list[OnlineDriveFile] = Field(..., description="The file list")
     is_truncated: bool = Field(False, description="Whether the result is truncated")
-    next_page_parameters: dict | None = Field(None, description="Parameters for fetching the next page")
+    next_page_parameters: dict[str, Any] | None = Field(None, description="Parameters for fetching the next page")
 
 
 class OnlineDriveBrowseFilesRequest(BaseModel):
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ class OnlineDriveBrowseFilesRequest(BaseModel):
     bucket: str | None = Field(None, description="The file bucket")
     prefix: str = Field(..., description="The parent folder ID")
     max_keys: int = Field(20, description="Page size for pagination")
-    next_page_parameters: dict | None = Field(None, description="Parameters for fetching the next page")
+    next_page_parameters: dict[str, Any] | None = Field(None, description="Parameters for fetching the next page")
 
 
 class OnlineDriveBrowseFilesResponse(BaseModel):

api/core/entities/knowledge_entities.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator
 
 
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ class PipelineDocument(BaseModel):
     id: str
     position: int
     data_source_type: str
-    data_source_info: dict | None = None
+    data_source_info: dict[str, Any] | None = None
     name: str
     indexing_status: str
     error: str | None = None

api/core/entities/provider_configuration.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import re
 from collections import defaultdict
 from collections.abc import Iterator, Sequence
 from json import JSONDecodeError
+from typing import Any
 
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import AIModelEntity, FetchFrom, ModelType
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.provider_entities import (
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ class ProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
             return ModelProviderFactory(model_runtime=self._bound_model_runtime)
         return create_plugin_model_provider_factory(tenant_id=self.tenant_id)
 
-    def get_current_credentials(self, model_type: ModelType, model: str) -> dict | None:
+    def get_current_credentials(self, model_type: ModelType, model: str) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         """
         Get current credentials.
 
@@ -233,7 +234,7 @@ class ProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
 
         return session.execute(stmt).scalar_one_or_none()
 
-    def _get_specific_provider_credential(self, credential_id: str) -> dict | None:
+    def _get_specific_provider_credential(self, credential_id: str) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         """
         Get a specific provider credential by ID.
         :param credential_id: Credential ID
@@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ class ProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
             stmt = stmt.where(ProviderCredential.id != exclude_id)
         return session.execute(stmt).scalar_one_or_none() is not None
 
-    def get_provider_credential(self, credential_id: str | None = None) -> dict | None:
+    def get_provider_credential(self, credential_id: str | None = None) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         """
         Get provider credentials.
 
@@ -317,7 +318,9 @@ class ProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
             else [],
         )
 
-    def validate_provider_credentials(self, credentials: dict, credential_id: str = "", session: Session | None = None):
+    def validate_provider_credentials(
+        self, credentials: dict[str, Any], credential_id: str = "", session: Session | None = None
+    ):
         """
         Validate custom credentials.
         :param credentials: provider credentials
@@ -447,7 +450,7 @@ class ProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
             provider_names.append(model_provider_id.provider_name)
         return provider_names
 
-    def create_provider_credential(self, credentials: dict, credential_name: str | None):
+    def create_provider_credential(self, credentials: dict[str, Any], credential_name: str | None):
         """
         Add custom provider credentials.
         :param credentials: provider credentials
@@ -515,7 +518,7 @@ class ProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
 
     def update_provider_credential(
         self,
-        credentials: dict,
+        credentials: dict[str, Any],
         credential_id: str,
         credential_name: str | None,
     ):
@@ -760,7 +763,7 @@ class ProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
 
     def _get_specific_custom_model_credential(
         self, model_type: ModelType, model: str, credential_id: str
-    ) -> dict | None:
+    ) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         """
         Get a specific provider credential by ID.
         :param credential_id: Credential ID
@@ -832,7 +835,9 @@ class ProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
             stmt = stmt.where(ProviderModelCredential.id != exclude_id)
         return session.execute(stmt).scalar_one_or_none() is not None
 
-    def get_custom_model_credential(self, model_type: ModelType, model: str, credential_id: str | None) -> dict | None:
+    def get_custom_model_credential(
+        self, model_type: ModelType, model: str, credential_id: str | None
+    ) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         """
         Get custom model credentials.
 
@@ -872,7 +877,7 @@ class ProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
         self,
         model_type: ModelType,
         model: str,
-        credentials: dict,
+        credentials: dict[str, Any],
         credential_id: str = "",
         session: Session | None = None,
     ):
@@ -939,7 +944,7 @@ class ProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
                 return _validate(new_session)
 
     def create_custom_model_credential(
-        self, model_type: ModelType, model: str, credentials: dict, credential_name: str | None
+        self, model_type: ModelType, model: str, credentials: dict[str, Any], credential_name: str | None
     ) -> None:
         """
         Create a custom model credential.
@@ -1002,7 +1007,12 @@ class ProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
                 raise
 
     def update_custom_model_credential(
-        self, model_type: ModelType, model: str, credentials: dict, credential_name: str | None, credential_id: str
+        self,
+        model_type: ModelType,
+        model: str,
+        credentials: dict[str, Any],
+        credential_name: str | None,
+        credential_id: str,
     ) -> None:
         """
         Update a custom model credential.
@@ -1412,7 +1422,9 @@ class ProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
         # Get model instance of LLM
         return model_provider_factory.get_model_type_instance(provider=self.provider.provider, model_type=model_type)
 
-    def get_model_schema(self, model_type: ModelType, model: str, credentials: dict | None) -> AIModelEntity | None:
+    def get_model_schema(
+        self, model_type: ModelType, model: str, credentials: dict[str, Any] | None
+    ) -> AIModelEntity | None:
         """
         Get model schema
         """
@@ -1471,7 +1483,7 @@ class ProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
 
         return secret_input_form_variables
 
-    def obfuscated_credentials(self, credentials: dict, credential_form_schemas: list[CredentialFormSchema]):
+    def obfuscated_credentials(self, credentials: dict[str, Any], credential_form_schemas: list[CredentialFormSchema]):
         """
         Obfuscated credentials.
 

api/core/entities/provider_entities.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from enum import StrEnum, auto
-from typing import Union
+from typing import Any, Union
 
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import ModelType
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class SystemConfiguration(BaseModel):
     enabled: bool
     current_quota_type: ProviderQuotaType | None = None
     quota_configurations: list[QuotaConfiguration] = []
-    credentials: dict | None = None
+    credentials: dict[str, Any] | None = None
 
 
 class CustomProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class CustomProviderConfiguration(BaseModel):
     Model class for provider custom configuration.
     """
 
-    credentials: dict
+    credentials: dict[str, Any]
     current_credential_id: str | None = None
     current_credential_name: str | None = None
     available_credentials: list[CredentialConfiguration] = []
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class CustomModelConfiguration(BaseModel):
 
     model: str
     model_type: ModelType
-    credentials: dict | None
+    credentials: dict[str, Any] | None
     current_credential_id: str | None = None
     current_credential_name: str | None = None
     available_model_credentials: list[CredentialConfiguration] = []
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class ModelLoadBalancingConfiguration(BaseModel):
 
     id: str
     name: str
-    credentials: dict
+    credentials: dict[str, Any]
     credential_source_type: str | None = None
     credential_id: str | None = None
 

api/core/extension/api_based_extension_requestor.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import cast
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 import httpx
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class APIBasedExtensionRequestor:
         self.api_endpoint = api_endpoint
         self.api_key = api_key
 
-    def request(self, point: APIBasedExtensionPoint, params: dict):
+    def request(self, point: APIBasedExtensionPoint, params: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """
         Request the api.
 
@@ -49,4 +49,4 @@ class APIBasedExtensionRequestor:
         if response.status_code != 200:
             raise ValueError(f"request error, status_code: {response.status_code}, content: {response.text[:100]}")
 
-        return cast(dict, response.json())
+        return cast(dict[str, Any], response.json())

api/core/extension/extensible.py

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ class ExtensionModule(StrEnum):
 class ModuleExtension(BaseModel):
     extension_class: Any | None = None
     name: str
-    label: dict | None = None
-    form_schema: list | None = None
+    label: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+    form_schema: list[dict[str, Any]] | None = None
     builtin: bool = True
     position: int | None = None
 

api/core/external_data_tool/factory.py

@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ from extensions.ext_code_based_extension import code_based_extension
 
 
 class ExternalDataToolFactory:
-    def __init__(self, name: str, tenant_id: str, app_id: str, variable: str, config: dict):
+    def __init__(self, name: str, tenant_id: str, app_id: str, variable: str, config: dict[str, Any]):
         extension_class = code_based_extension.extension_class(ExtensionModule.EXTERNAL_DATA_TOOL, name)
         self.__extension_instance = extension_class(
             tenant_id=tenant_id, app_id=app_id, variable=variable, config=config
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_config(cls, name: str, tenant_id: str, config: dict):
+    def validate_config(cls, name: str, tenant_id: str, config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         """
         Validate the incoming form config data.
 

api/core/helper/model_provider_cache.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import json
 from enum import StrEnum
 from json import JSONDecodeError
+from typing import Any
 
 from extensions.ext_redis import redis_client
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ class ProviderCredentialsCache:
     def __init__(self, tenant_id: str, identity_id: str, cache_type: ProviderCredentialsCacheType):
         self.cache_key = f"{cache_type}_credentials:tenant_id:{tenant_id}:id:{identity_id}"
 
-    def get(self) -> dict | None:
+    def get(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         """
         Get cached model provider credentials.
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ class ProviderCredentialsCache:
         else:
             return None
 
-    def set(self, credentials: dict):
+    def set(self, credentials: dict[str, Any]):
         """
         Cache model provider credentials.
 

api/core/helper/provider_cache.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class ProviderCredentialsCache(ABC):
         """Generate cache key based on subclass implementation"""
         pass
 
-    def get(self) -> dict | None:
+    def get(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         """Get cached provider credentials"""
         cached_credentials = redis_client.get(self.cache_key)
         if cached_credentials:
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class ToolProviderCredentialsCache(ProviderCredentialsCache):
 class NoOpProviderCredentialCache:
     """No-op provider credential cache"""
 
-    def get(self) -> dict | None:
+    def get(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         """Get cached provider credentials"""
         return None
 

api/core/helper/tool_parameter_cache.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import json
 from enum import StrEnum
 from json import JSONDecodeError
+from typing import Any
 
 from extensions.ext_redis import redis_client
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ class ToolParameterCache:
             f":identity_id:{identity_id}"
         )
 
-    def get(self) -> dict | None:
+    def get(self) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
         """
         Get cached model provider credentials.
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ class ToolParameterCache:
         else:
             return None
 
-    def set(self, parameters: dict):
+    def set(self, parameters: dict[str, Any]):
         """Cache model provider credentials."""
         redis_client.setex(self.cache_key, 86400, json.dumps(parameters))
 

api/core/hosting_configuration.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from flask import Flask
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import ModelType
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ class FreeHostingQuota(HostingQuota):
 
 class HostingProvider(BaseModel):
     enabled: bool = False
-    credentials: dict | None = None
+    credentials: dict[str, Any] | None = None
     quota_unit: QuotaUnit | None = None
     quotas: list[HostingQuota] = []
 

api/core/indexing_runner.py

@@ -735,7 +735,9 @@ class IndexingRunner:
 
     @staticmethod
     def _update_document_index_status(
-        document_id: str, after_indexing_status: IndexingStatus, extra_update_params: dict | None = None
+        document_id: str,
+        after_indexing_status: IndexingStatus,
+        extra_update_params: Mapping[Any, Any] | None = None,
     ):
         """
         Update the document indexing status.
@@ -762,7 +764,7 @@ class IndexingRunner:
         db.session.commit()
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _update_segments_by_document(dataset_document_id: str, update_params: dict):
+    def _update_segments_by_document(dataset_document_id: str, update_params: Mapping[Any, Any]):
         """
         Update the document segment by document id.
         """

api/core/llm_generator/llm_generator.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import json
 import logging
 import re
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from typing import Protocol, TypedDict, cast
+from typing import Any, Protocol, TypedDict, cast
 
 import json_repair
 from graphon.enums import WorkflowNodeExecutionMetadataKey
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ class LLMGenerator:
     def __instruction_modify_common(
         tenant_id: str,
         model_config: ModelConfig,
-        last_run: dict | None,
+        last_run: dict[str, Any] | None,
         current: str | None,
         error_message: str | None,
         instruction: str,

api/core/llm_generator/output_parser/structured_output.py

@@ -200,9 +200,9 @@ def _handle_native_json_schema(
     provider: str,
     model_schema: AIModelEntity,
     structured_output_schema: Mapping,
-    model_parameters: dict,
+    model_parameters: dict[str, Any],
     rules: list[ParameterRule],
-):
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """
     Handle structured output for models with native JSON schema support.
 
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ def _handle_native_json_schema(
     return model_parameters
 
 
-def _set_response_format(model_parameters: dict, rules: list):
+def _set_response_format(model_parameters: dict[str, Any], rules: list[ParameterRule]) -> None:
     """
     Set the appropriate response format parameter based on model rules.
 
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ def _prepare_schema_for_model(provider: str, model_schema: AIModelEntity, schema
         return {"schema": processed_schema, "name": "llm_response"}
 
 
-def remove_additional_properties(schema: dict):
+def remove_additional_properties(schema: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     """
     Remove additionalProperties fields from JSON schema.
     Used for models like Gemini that don't support this property.
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ def remove_additional_properties(schema: dict):
                     remove_additional_properties(item)
 
 
-def convert_boolean_to_string(schema: dict):
+def convert_boolean_to_string(schema: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     """
     Convert boolean type specifications to string in JSON schema.
 

api/core/model_manager.py

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class ModelInstance:
 
     @staticmethod
     def _get_load_balancing_manager(
-        configuration: ProviderConfiguration, model_type: ModelType, model: str, credentials: dict
+        configuration: ProviderConfiguration, model_type: ModelType, model: str, credentials: dict[str, Any]
     ) -> Optional["LBModelManager"]:
         """
         Get load balancing model credentials
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class ModelInstance:
     def invoke_llm(
         self,
         prompt_messages: Sequence[PromptMessage],
-        model_parameters: dict | None = None,
+        model_parameters: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         tools: Sequence[PromptMessageTool] | None = None,
         stop: list[str] | None = None,
         stream: Literal[True] = True,
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class ModelInstance:
     def invoke_llm(
         self,
         prompt_messages: list[PromptMessage],
-        model_parameters: dict | None = None,
+        model_parameters: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         tools: Sequence[PromptMessageTool] | None = None,
         stop: list[str] | None = None,
         stream: Literal[False] = False,
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class ModelInstance:
     def invoke_llm(
         self,
         prompt_messages: list[PromptMessage],
-        model_parameters: dict | None = None,
+        model_parameters: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         tools: Sequence[PromptMessageTool] | None = None,
         stop: list[str] | None = None,
         stream: bool = True,
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class ModelInstance:
     def invoke_llm(
         self,
         prompt_messages: Sequence[PromptMessage],
-        model_parameters: dict | None = None,
+        model_parameters: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         tools: Sequence[PromptMessageTool] | None = None,
         stop: Sequence[str] | None = None,
         stream: bool = True,
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ class LBModelManager:
         model_type: ModelType,
         model: str,
         load_balancing_configs: list[ModelLoadBalancingConfiguration],
-        managed_credentials: dict | None = None,
+        managed_credentials: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
     ):
         """
         Load balancing model manager

api/core/moderation/api/api.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 from sqlalchemy import select
 
@@ -10,7 +12,7 @@ from models.api_based_extension import APIBasedExtension
 
 class ModerationInputParams(BaseModel):
     app_id: str = ""
-    inputs: dict = Field(default_factory=dict)
+    inputs: dict[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict)
     query: str = ""
 
 
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ class ApiModeration(Moderation):
     name: str = "api"
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_config(cls, tenant_id: str, config: dict):
+    def validate_config(cls, tenant_id: str, config: dict[str, Any]):
         """
         Validate the incoming form config data.
 
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ class ApiModeration(Moderation):
         if not extension:
             raise ValueError("API-based Extension not found. Please check it again.")
 
-    def moderation_for_inputs(self, inputs: dict, query: str = "") -> ModerationInputsResult:
+    def moderation_for_inputs(self, inputs: dict[str, Any], query: str = "") -> ModerationInputsResult:
         flagged = False
         preset_response = ""
         if self.config is None:
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ class ApiModeration(Moderation):
             flagged=flagged, action=ModerationAction.DIRECT_OUTPUT, preset_response=preset_response
         )
 
-    def _get_config_by_requestor(self, extension_point: APIBasedExtensionPoint, params: dict):
+    def _get_config_by_requestor(self, extension_point: APIBasedExtensionPoint, params: dict[str, Any]):
         if self.config is None:
             raise ValueError("The config is not set.")
         extension = self._get_api_based_extension(self.tenant_id, self.config.get("api_based_extension_id", ""))

api/core/moderation/base.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from enum import StrEnum, auto
+from typing import Any
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ class ModerationInputsResult(BaseModel):
     flagged: bool = False
     action: ModerationAction
     preset_response: str = ""
-    inputs: dict = Field(default_factory=dict)
+    inputs: dict[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict)
     query: str = ""
 
 
@@ -33,13 +34,13 @@ class Moderation(Extensible, ABC):
 
     module: ExtensionModule = ExtensionModule.MODERATION
 
-    def __init__(self, app_id: str, tenant_id: str, config: dict | None = None):
+    def __init__(self, app_id: str, tenant_id: str, config: dict[str, Any] | None = None):
         super().__init__(tenant_id, config)
         self.app_id = app_id
 
     @classmethod
     @abstractmethod
-    def validate_config(cls, tenant_id: str, config: dict) -> None:
+    def validate_config(cls, tenant_id: str, config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         """
         Validate the incoming form config data.
 
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ class Moderation(Extensible, ABC):
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def moderation_for_inputs(self, inputs: dict, query: str = "") -> ModerationInputsResult:
+    def moderation_for_inputs(self, inputs: dict[str, Any], query: str = "") -> ModerationInputsResult:
         """
         Moderation for inputs.
         After the user inputs, this method will be called to perform sensitive content review
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ class Moderation(Extensible, ABC):
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     @classmethod
-    def _validate_inputs_and_outputs_config(cls, config: dict, is_preset_response_required: bool):
+    def _validate_inputs_and_outputs_config(cls, config: dict[str, Any], is_preset_response_required: bool):
         # inputs_config
         inputs_config = config.get("inputs_config")
         if not isinstance(inputs_config, dict):

api/core/moderation/factory.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from core.extension.extensible import ExtensionModule
 from core.moderation.base import Moderation, ModerationInputsResult, ModerationOutputsResult
 from extensions.ext_code_based_extension import code_based_extension
@@ -6,12 +8,12 @@ from extensions.ext_code_based_extension import code_based_extension
 class ModerationFactory:
     __extension_instance: Moderation
 
-    def __init__(self, name: str, app_id: str, tenant_id: str, config: dict):
+    def __init__(self, name: str, app_id: str, tenant_id: str, config: dict[str, Any]):
         extension_class = code_based_extension.extension_class(ExtensionModule.MODERATION, name)
         self.__extension_instance = extension_class(app_id, tenant_id, config)
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_config(cls, name: str, tenant_id: str, config: dict):
+    def validate_config(cls, name: str, tenant_id: str, config: dict[str, Any]):
         """
         Validate the incoming form config data.
 
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ class ModerationFactory:
         # FIXME: mypy error, try to fix it instead of using type: ignore
         extension_class.validate_config(tenant_id, config)  # type: ignore
 
-    def moderation_for_inputs(self, inputs: dict, query: str = "") -> ModerationInputsResult:
+    def moderation_for_inputs(self, inputs: dict[str, Any], query: str = "") -> ModerationInputsResult:
         """
         Moderation for inputs.
         After the user inputs, this method will be called to perform sensitive content review

api/core/moderation/keywords/keywords.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ class KeywordsModeration(Moderation):
     name: str = "keywords"
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_config(cls, tenant_id: str, config: dict):
+    def validate_config(cls, tenant_id: str, config: dict[str, Any]):
         """
         Validate the incoming form config data.
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class KeywordsModeration(Moderation):
         if len(keywords_row_len) > 100:
             raise ValueError("the number of rows for the keywords must be less than 100")
 
-    def moderation_for_inputs(self, inputs: dict, query: str = "") -> ModerationInputsResult:
+    def moderation_for_inputs(self, inputs: dict[str, Any], query: str = "") -> ModerationInputsResult:
         flagged = False
         preset_response = ""
         if self.config is None:
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class KeywordsModeration(Moderation):
             flagged=flagged, action=ModerationAction.DIRECT_OUTPUT, preset_response=preset_response
         )
 
-    def _is_violated(self, inputs: dict, keywords_list: list) -> bool:
+    def _is_violated(self, inputs: dict[str, Any], keywords_list: list[str]) -> bool:
         return any(self._check_keywords_in_value(keywords_list, value) for value in inputs.values())
 
     def _check_keywords_in_value(self, keywords_list: Sequence[str], value: Any) -> bool:

api/core/moderation/openai_moderation/openai_moderation.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from graphon.model_runtime.entities.model_entities import ModelType
 
 from core.model_manager import ModelManager
@@ -8,7 +10,7 @@ class OpenAIModeration(Moderation):
     name: str = "openai_moderation"
 
     @classmethod
-    def validate_config(cls, tenant_id: str, config: dict):
+    def validate_config(cls, tenant_id: str, config: dict[str, Any]):
         """
         Validate the incoming form config data.
 
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ class OpenAIModeration(Moderation):
         """
         cls._validate_inputs_and_outputs_config(config, True)
 
-    def moderation_for_inputs(self, inputs: dict, query: str = "") -> ModerationInputsResult:
+    def moderation_for_inputs(self, inputs: dict[str, Any], query: str = "") -> ModerationInputsResult:
         flagged = False
         preset_response = ""
         if self.config is None:
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ class OpenAIModeration(Moderation):
             flagged=flagged, action=ModerationAction.DIRECT_OUTPUT, preset_response=preset_response
         )
 
-    def _is_violated(self, inputs: dict):
+    def _is_violated(self, inputs: dict[str, Any]):
         text = "\n".join(str(inputs.values()))
         model_manager = ModelManager.for_tenant(tenant_id=self.tenant_id)
         model_instance = model_manager.get_model_instance(

api/core/ops/arize_phoenix_trace/arize_phoenix_trace.py

@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ class ArizePhoenixDataTrace(BaseTraceInstance):
             logger.info("[Arize/Phoenix] Failed to construct project URL: %s", str(e), exc_info=True)
             raise ValueError(f"[Arize/Phoenix] Failed to construct project URL: {str(e)}")
 
-    def _construct_llm_attributes(self, prompts: dict | list | str | None) -> dict[str, str]:
+    def _construct_llm_attributes(self, prompts: dict[str, Any] | list[Any] | str | None) -> dict[str, str]:
         """Construct LLM attributes with passed prompts for Arize/Phoenix."""
         attributes: dict[str, str] = {}
 
@@ -797,7 +797,9 @@ class ArizePhoenixDataTrace(BaseTraceInstance):
             path = f"{SpanAttributes.LLM_INPUT_MESSAGES}.{message_index}.{key}"
             set_attribute(path, value)
 
-        def set_tool_call_attributes(message_index: int, tool_index: int, tool_call: dict | object | None) -> None:
+        def set_tool_call_attributes(
+            message_index: int, tool_index: int, tool_call: dict[str, Any] | object | None
+        ) -> None:
             """Extract and assign tool call details safely."""
             if not tool_call:
                 return

api/core/ops/langfuse_trace/langfuse_trace.py

@@ -59,6 +59,24 @@ class LangFuseDataTrace(BaseTraceInstance):
         )
         self.file_base_url = os.getenv("FILES_URL", "http://127.0.0.1:5001")
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_completion_start_time(
+        start_time: datetime | None, time_to_first_token: float | int | None
+    ) -> datetime | None:
+        """Convert a relative TTFT value in seconds into Langfuse's absolute completion start time."""
+        if start_time is None or time_to_first_token is None:
+            return None
+
+        try:
+            ttft_seconds = float(time_to_first_token)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            return None
+
+        if ttft_seconds < 0:
+            return None
+
+        return start_time + timedelta(seconds=ttft_seconds)
+
     def trace(self, trace_info: BaseTraceInfo):
         if isinstance(trace_info, WorkflowTraceInfo):
             self.workflow_trace(trace_info)
@@ -189,10 +207,18 @@ class LangFuseDataTrace(BaseTraceInstance):
                 total_token = metadata.get("total_tokens", 0)
                 prompt_tokens = 0
                 completion_tokens = 0
+                completion_start_time = None
                 try:
-                    usage_data = process_data.get("usage", {}) if "usage" in process_data else outputs.get("usage", {})
+                    usage_data = process_data.get("usage")
+                    if not isinstance(usage_data, dict):
+                        usage_data = outputs.get("usage")
+                    if not isinstance(usage_data, dict):
+                        usage_data = {}
                     prompt_tokens = usage_data.get("prompt_tokens", 0)
                     completion_tokens = usage_data.get("completion_tokens", 0)
+                    completion_start_time = self._get_completion_start_time(
+                        created_at, usage_data.get("time_to_first_token")
+                    )
                 except Exception:
                     logger.error("Failed to extract usage", exc_info=True)
 
@@ -210,6 +236,7 @@ class LangFuseDataTrace(BaseTraceInstance):
                     trace_id=trace_id,
                     model=process_data.get("model_name"),
                     start_time=created_at,
+                    completion_start_time=completion_start_time,
                     end_time=finished_at,
                     input=inputs,
                     output=outputs,
@@ -290,11 +317,16 @@ class LangFuseDataTrace(BaseTraceInstance):
             unit=UnitEnum.TOKENS,
             totalCost=message_data.total_price,
         )
+        completion_start_time = self._get_completion_start_time(
+            trace_info.start_time,
+            trace_info.gen_ai_server_time_to_first_token,
+        )
 
         langfuse_generation_data = LangfuseGeneration(
             name="llm",
             trace_id=trace_id,
             start_time=trace_info.start_time,
+            completion_start_time=completion_start_time,
             end_time=trace_info.end_time,
             model=message_data.model_id,
             input=trace_info.inputs,